砂仁光合作用的CO2扩散限制与气孔限制分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0078

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前常用从气体交换参数计算的胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)来计算气孔限制值(L_s),但由于胁迫情况下计算的C_i偏高常导致结果不准确。该文引入扩散限制分析概念,以砂仁为例介绍了一种不需 C_i的计算扩散限制值(L_d)的新方法。同时通过叶绿素荧光参数间接估算受干旱胁迫植株的C_i(用C_i'表示)计算气孔限制值(L_s')。采用这3种方法分析了生长在100%和40%土壤相对湿度(RSM)下的砂仁(Amomum villosum)净光合速率的限制因素。结果表明两种水分状况下砂仁午后净光合速率的限制因素不同。100%RSM下,午后砂仁L_s没有升高,说明光合作用气孔限制并未增强;午后其L_d升高表明光合作用的CO₂扩散限制增强,这主要是由叶肉阻力相对增大所致。40%RSM下,午后砂仁L_s'升高比L_d升高明显,说明气孔阻力在所有扩散阻力中占主导作用,是限制净光合速率的主要原因;而其 L_s午后并未升高,暗示传统的气孔限制分析会得出非气孔限制的错误结论。C_i'低于C_i,说明干旱胁迫时传统的气体交换方法高估了C_i。上述结果都证明水分胁迫情况下传统方法不可靠,该文介绍的两种新方法比较准确可靠,同时使用两种新方法还可定性推测叶肉阻力的变化方向。

关键词: 光合速率, 胞间CO₂浓度, 扩散限制, 气孔限制, 砂仁

Abstract:

Photosynthetic rate is a function of not only the CO₂ concentration gradient between the outside and inside of the leaf, but also the CO₂ diffusional resistance. It is accepted that stomatal resistance is the greatest factor that controls CO₂ diffusional resistance and is thus a crucial factor influencing photosynthesis. Hence, adequate analysis of CO₂ diffusional resistance is necessary for understanding photosynthesis. Intercellular CO₂ concentrations (C_i) are often utilized to calculate stomatal limitation (L_s). This traditional analysis is unreliable when plants are under stress, because C_i cannot be accurately measured under such conditions. Here we introduced the concept of diffusional limitation and introduced a new method to calculate the diffusional limitation value (L_d) without using C_i. In addition, C_i, estimated indirectly through chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (C_i'), was used to calculate a new stomatal limitation value (L_s') for plants grown under 40% relative soil moisture (RSM). We compared the L_s', L_s and L_d for Amomum villosum grown under both 100% and 40% RSM. Photosynthetic rates (P_n) and stomatal conductance (G_s) decreased after noon in both RSM treatments, and P_n and G_s were both higher in 100% RSM than in 40% RSM. Under 100% RSM, L_s did not increase after noontime in A. villosum, indicating stomatal limitation of photosynthesis did not increase, whereas L_d increased indicating the diffusional limitation of photosynthesis increased due to the relatively high mesophyll resistance. Under 40% RSM, L_s' increased sooner than L_d after noon, indicating stomatal resistance was the dominant factor controlling diffusional resistance. In contrast, L_s, calculated using the traditional stomatal limitation method, did not increase under 40% RSM, which might lead us to the wrong conclusion that stomatal limitation was not a factor. The estimated value, C_i', was lower than C_i, indicating that gas exchange system was overestimated using C_i under conditions of water stress. Our results suggest that the traditional method is unreliable under soil water stress conditions, and the two new methods presented are more reliable. Furthermore, mesophyll resistance can be estimated indirectly through the joint analysis of diffusional and stomatal limitation.

Key words: Photosynthetic rate, Intercellular CO₂ concentration, Diffusional limitation, Stomatal limitation, Amomum villosum

李新, 冯玉龙. 砂仁光合作用的CO₂扩散限制与气孔限制分析. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(4): 584-590. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0078

LI Xin, FENG Yu-Long. CO₂ DIFFUSIONAL AND STOMATAL LIMITATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN AMOMUM VILLOSUM. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(4): 584-590. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0078

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图/表 6

图1 砂仁叶片温度与暗呼吸速率(Rd)之间的回归关系

Fig.1 The regressive relationship between leaf temperature and dark respiration rate (Rd) for Amomum villosum

图2 砂仁叶片温度与Rubisco专一因子(S)之间的回归关系

Fig.2 The regressive relationship between leaf temperature and Rubisco specificity factor (S) for Amomum villosum

图3 饱和水处理砂仁非循环电子传递的量子效率与净光合速率的比值(ΦPSⅡ/Pn)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)之间的回归关系

Fig.3 The regressive relationship between the ratio of non-cycling quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport to net photosynthetic rate (ΦPSⅡ/Pn) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) for Amomum villosum grown under 100% relative Siol moisture

图4 不同土壤相对湿度下生长的砂仁净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和非循环电子传递的量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)的日变化数据为4次重复的平均值±标准误,不同字母表示相同水分处理不同时间测定值差异显著,*表示两种水分处理间相同时间测定值差异显著(p < 0.05)

Fig.4 The diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and non-cycling quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport (ΦPSⅡ) for Amomum villosum grown under different relative soil moistures The data were the mean ± SE of 4 independent experiments. Different letters indicated significant difference within treatment. * indicated significant difference between treatments(p < 0.05)

图5 不同相对土壤含水量下生长的砂仁的扩散限制值(Ld)与气孔限制值(Ls)的日变化图注同图4

Fig.5 The diurnal changes of diffusional limitation (Ld) and stomatal limitation (Ls) for Amomum villosum grown under different relative soil water moistures Notes see Fig.4

图6 40%RSM气体交换系统计算的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)与叶绿素荧光参数估算的胞间CO2浓度(Ci')的比较图注同图4

Fig.6 Intercellular CO2 concentration calculated by gas exchange system (Ci) and estimated through chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Ci') for Amomum villosum grown under 40% RSM Notes see Fig.4

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砂仁光合作用的CO₂扩散限制与气孔限制分析

CO₂ DIFFUSIONAL AND STOMATAL LIMITATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN AMOMUM VILLOSUM

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