内蒙古草地样带植物群落生物量的梯度研究

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用样带法对内蒙古草地植物群落生物量沿水热梯度的变化特征进行了研究,并对几种回归方法进行了比较。一元回归结果表明:在本样带的限定范围内,生物量与年均温、≥0 ℃年积温、≥10 ℃年积温、年实际日照总时数等热量因子呈负相关(年均温的相关性最高),而与年降水量、年均相对湿度等水分因子呈正相关(年均相对湿度的相关性最高),其中年均温和年均相对湿度对生物量的影响最为显著,二者对生物量的空间变异起着互为消长的作用,而海拔高度的影响则不显著。多元回归结果表明,作为半干旱区植物生长的主要限制因子,年降水量在大尺度上对生物量产生影响的途径更为复杂,但其作用不可低估。生物量和地下地上生物量比值会因不同的气候区、不同的植被类型和物种组成,对环境因子的响应程度不同,在经向、纬向和草地类型梯度上的变化特征也不同。水热的配比关系要比单一的水分和温度与植物的生长具有更紧密的关系,地下地上生物量比随着水热配比关系的变化也会呈现出不同的变化规律,其驱动因子并不一定始终都是降水。也许可以认为:半干旱/干旱的划分界限是本研究所涉及的草地样带上生物量和地下地上生物量比值沿草地类型梯度变化的一个转折界限,在此界限前后,气候对生物量的主导因素和生物量对此关键因子的响应程度都有所变化。

关键词: 内蒙古, 草地样带, 地下生物量, 地上生物量, 地下生物量/地上生物量, 梯度分析

Abstract:

Background and Aims Vegetation transect is an effective method to study the relationship between global change and terrestrial ecosystem. However there are few researches on biomass gradient characters of grassland vegetation and their environmental driving mechanism. The transect measurement was used in this study to analyze biomass gradient change of grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia. The following questions were tried to answer: (a) How does grassland biomass change along with longitude and latitude as well as water and thermal gradients? (b) Which climate factors will produce pivotal effect to grassland biomass change? (c) How do climate factors control material production process of grassland ecosystem?
Methods The selection of 49 sample sites was principally defined by a 1 900 km long×150 km wide transect across the grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Aboveground and belowground biomasses were measured in the sample sites. The correlativity between biomass and climate factors was analyzed using China climate grid database which constructed by Chinese Ecosystem Research Network.
Key results Grassland biomass was found to be negatively correlated to mean annual temperature, ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature, ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature and annual hours of sunshine. Contrarily it was positively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual relative humidity. Among climate factors, mean annual temperature and mean annual relative humidity effected grassland biomass the most obvious.
Conclusions Aboveground and belowground biomasses present visible change regulation along with longitude and latitude as well as climate gradients. Mean annual precipitation was shown as a key role to grassland biomass although its effect ways were complicated. The study suggested combined and integrated relationships of environment factors should be considered in researches of biomass forming and changing.

Key words: Inner Mongolia, Grassland transect, Aboveground biomass, Belowground biomass, Below-aboveground biomass ratio, Gradient

韩彬, 樊江文, 钟华平. 内蒙古草地样带植物群落生物量的梯度研究. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(4): 553-562. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0073

HAN Bin, FAN Jiang-Wen, ZHONG Hua-Ping. GRASSLAND BIOMASS OF COMMUNITIES ALONG GRADIENTS OF THE INNER MONGOLIA GRASSLAND TRANSECT. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(4): 553-562. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0073

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0073

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I4/553

图/表 11

图1 调查样地分布图

Fig.1 Location of the sample sites

表1 全部样地的气象要素统计表

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of meteorological elements for all sampling sites

	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value
海拔高度Altitude(H) (m)	586	1 634
年平均气温Mean annual temperature(T) (℃)	-2.61	9.05
年降水量Annual precipitation(P) (mm)	103.92	394.21
≥0 ℃年积温Accumulated temperature above zero(A₀) (℃)	2 215.16	4 065.01
≥10 ℃年积温Accumulated temperature above ten degree(A₁₀) (℃)	1 728	3 696
年平均相对湿度Mean annual relative humidity(R)(%)	38.75	70.24
年实际日照总时数Annual hours of sunshine(S)(h)	2 617.77	3 322.9

表2 方差分析

Table 2 Tests of between-subjects effects

rep\|com	总生物量 Total biomass	地下生物量/地上生物量 Below-aboveground biomass ratio	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	地下生物量 Belowground biomass
F检验计算值 Computed value of F test	80.086 \| 0.326	15.482 \| 0.218	23.660 \| 10.474	78.219 \| 0.236
显著性水平 Significant level (p)	0.722 \| 0.000	0.805 \| 0.000	0.232 \| 0.000	0.790 \| 0.000

图2 地下生物量沿水热梯度的经向及纬向变化趋势

Fig.2 Changing trend of belowground biomass with that of precipitation, temperature along gradients of longitude or latitude

图3 地上生物量沿水热梯度的经向及纬向变化趋势

Fig.3 Changing trend of aboveground biomass with that of precipitation, temperature along gradients of longitude or latitude

图4 总生物量沿水热梯度的经向及纬向变化趋势

Fig.4 Changing trend of total biomass with that of precipitation, temperature along gradients of longitude or latitude

图5 地下生物量/地上生物量的梯度变化趋势

Fig.5 Changing trend of below-aboveground biomass ratio along gradients of factors

图6 生物量在草地类型上的分异 1. 草甸草原Meadow steppe 2. 典型草原Typical steppe 3. 荒漠草原Desert steppe 4. 草原化荒漠Steppe-desert 5. 典型荒漠Desert

Fig.6 Biomass on different grassland type

图7 生物量分配在草地类型上的变化 1~5:同图6 See Fig. 6

Fig.7 Biomass distribution on different grassland type

图8 地下地上生物量比值在草地类型上的变化 1~5:同图6 See Fig. 6

Fig.8 Below-aboveground biomass ratio on different grassland type

表3 多元线性回归分析

Table 3 Statistics of regression for biomass with given factors by backward elimination

α=0.05 回归方法 Regression method	总生物量 Total biomass			地下生物量/地上生物量 Below-aboveground biomass ratio			地上生物量 Aboveground biomass			地下生物量 Belowground biomass
α=0.05 回归方法 Regression method	全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward		全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward		全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward		全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward
复相关系数 Mutiple correlation coefficient (R)	0.790		0.767	0.489		0.404	0.642		0.603	0.792	0.769
判定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)	0.624		0.588	0.239		0.163	0.412		0.363	0.627	0.591
调整的判定系数 Adjusted determination coefficient ( $R a 2$ )	0.537		0.551	0.064		0.087	0.276		0.305	0.541	0.554
显著性水平 Significant level (p)	0.000		0.000	0.238		0.091	0.008		0.000	0.000	0.000
选入的参数 Variables entered	全部All		E,T,P,A₀	全部All		E,T,P,A₀	全部All		N,T,P,S	全部All	E,T,P,A₀

表3 多元线性回归分析

Table 3 Statistics of regression for biomass with given factors by backward elimination

α=0.05 回归方法 Regression method	总生物量 Total biomass			地下生物量/地上生物量 Below-aboveground biomass ratio			地上生物量 Aboveground biomass			地下生物量 Belowground biomass
α=0.05 回归方法 Regression method	全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward		全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward		全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward		全回归法 Enter	向后剔除法 Backward
复相关系数 Mutiple correlation coefficient (R)	0.790		0.767	0.489		0.404	0.642		0.603	0.792	0.769
判定系数 Determination coefficient (R²)	0.624		0.588	0.239		0.163	0.412		0.363	0.627	0.591
调整的判定系数 Adjusted determination coefficient ( $R a 2$ )	0.537		0.551	0.064		0.087	0.276		0.305	0.541	0.554
显著性水平 Significant level (p)	0.000		0.000	0.238		0.091	0.008		0.000	0.000	0.000
选入的参数 Variables entered	全部All		E,T,P,A₀	全部All		E,T,P,A₀	全部All		N,T,P,S	全部All	E,T,P,A₀

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rep\|com	总生物量 Total biomass	地下生物量/地上生物量 Below-aboveground biomass ratio	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	地下生物量 Belowground biomass
F检验计算值 Computed value of F test	80.086 \| 0.326	15.482 \| 0.218	23.660 \| 10.474	78.219 \| 0.236
显著性水平 Significant level (p)	0.722 \| 0.000	0.805 \| 0.000	0.232 \| 0.000	0.790 \| 0.000

rep\|com	总生物量 Total biomass	地下生物量/地上生物量 Below-aboveground biomass ratio	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	地下生物量 Belowground biomass
F检验计算值 Computed value of F test	80.086 \| 0.326	15.482 \| 0.218	23.660 \| 10.474	78.219 \| 0.236
显著性水平 Significant level (p)	0.722 \| 0.000	0.805 \| 0.000	0.232 \| 0.000	0.790 \| 0.000