西双版纳热带季节雨林凋落叶分解与土壤动物群落:两种网孔分解袋的分解实验比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2006.0101

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以西双版纳热带湿性季节沟谷雨林混合凋落叶作为分解基质,在不同位置季节雨林样地,采用不同网孔(2和0.15 mm)分解袋,开展大中型土壤动物对雨林凋落叶分解影响的实验,测定了不同网孔分解袋土壤动物多样性、凋落叶分解速率和主要养分元素释放状况。结果显示:2 mm网孔分解袋土壤动物类群相对密度年均值为2.67~2.83目·g^-1凋落物干重,个体相对密度年均值为22.3~21.77个·g^-1凋落物干重,显著高于0.15 mm网孔分解袋的类群相对密度0.27~0.28目·g^-1凋落物干重和个体相对密度2.88~2.77个·g^-1凋落物干重(p<0.01),并且0.15 mm网孔分解袋中极少量的动物个体主要为小型类群弹尾目和蜱螨目(原生动物、湿生土壤动物线虫不计),由此我们视2 mm网孔分解袋凋落叶分解由绝大多数土壤动物和其它土壤生物共同作用,而0.15 mm网孔分解袋基本排除了大中型土壤动物对袋内凋落叶分解的影响。2 mm网孔分解袋凋落叶物质失重率(71%左右)、分解率指数(1.88~2.44)和主要养分元素释放率明显高于0.15 mm分解袋(34%~35%,0.48~0.58)。通过比较两种不同网孔分解袋凋落叶失重率和元素释放率的差异,显示出季节雨林大中型土壤动物群落对凋落叶物质损失的贡献率为年均值46%左右,并使凋落叶C/N和C/P明显降低,而对不同元素释放率的影响不同,其中对N、S和Ca元素释放率的影响较大,而对K素释放的影响作用最小。相关分析显示,2 mm网孔分解袋内土壤动物群落类群和个体的相对密度与凋落叶物质残留率有较好的负相关关系,而群落香农多样性指数与凋落叶分解率指数表现出一定的正相关关系。

关键词: 季节沟谷雨林, 凋落叶分解, 土壤动物, 网孔, 分解袋

Abstract:

Background and Aims The influence of soil fauna on litter decomposition is rarely explored in tropical rain forest. This study examined the effect of soil fauna on the decomposition of mixed substrate by litter bag technical at two tropical seasonal rain forest plots in Xishuangbanna, SW China in year of 2000. The following questions were considered in the present study: 1) What roles do soil fauna play in regulating litter mass loss and decomposition rate? 2) How do soil fauna influence litter nutrient release?

Methods In order to examine the role of soil macro-mesofauna in mass loss and nutrient release of litter, litter bags with both fine mesh size (0.15 mm) that excludes the soil macro-mesofauna population from litter and coarse mesh size (2 mm) that allows soil fauna access to litter were used in this experiment. Mass loss and C, N, P, S, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations of leaf litter were determined from the litter in two different mesh size litterbags at monthly intervals. The soil fauna were extracted by hand and by heating the samples.

Key Results Higher relative density and taxonomic diversity of total soil fauna were found in the bags with 2 mm mesh size (22.3-21.77 individuals and 2.67-2.83 orders per g of dry litter) compared to the bags with 0.15 mm mesh size (2.88-2.77 individuals and 0.27-0.28 orders per g of dry litter). Collembola and Acari were the most abundant group, and Hymenoptera(ant), Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Diplopoda, Isopoda, Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones were common groups of soil fauna in litter bags with 2 mm mesh size. There were very few individuals of Collembola and Acari in the 0.15 mm litter bags. Our results suggested that soil macro-mesofauna contributed more to the decomposition of leaf litter in 2 mm litter bags than that in 0.15 mm litter bags. The higher mass loss rate (around 71%), decomposition rate (k=1.88-2.44), and nutrient release in litter bags with 2 mm mesh size than in litter bags with 0.15 mm mesh size (34%-35%, k=0.48-0.58) indicated a significant influence of soil macro-mesofauna on mass loss and nutrient release in tropical seasonal rain forest. The release rates of N, S and Ca that could be attributable to the soil macro-mesofauna were higher than other elements whereas K release rate that could be attributable to the soil macro-mesofauna was the lowest. Soil macro-mesofauna caused greater decreases in C/N and C/P ratios in litter bags with 2 mm mesh size than litter bags with 0.15 mm mesh size. There were negative relationships of the percentage of litter mass remaining with order richness and individuals abundance of soil fauna. However, a positive relationship between Shannon-Wiener index of soil fauna and the decomposition rate was found.

Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of soil fauna accelerated plant litter decomposition in the tropical seasonal rain forest. The litter mass loss attributable to the soil macro-mesofauna was about 46%. The effects of soil macro-mesofauna on the nutrient release rates were different among elements. The diversity of soil fauna may have important ecosystem consequences, particularly in tropical rain forest.

Key words: Leaf litter decomposition, Litter bag, Mesh size, Nutrient, Soil macro-mesofauna

杨效东, 邹晓明. 西双版纳热带季节雨林凋落叶分解与土壤动物群落:两种网孔分解袋的分解实验比较. 植物生态学报, 2006, 30(5): 791-801. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0101

YANG Xiao-Dong, ZOU Xiao-Ming. SOIL FAUNA AND LEAF LITTER DECOMPOSITION IN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST IN XISHUANGBANNA, SW CHINA: EFFECTS OF MESH SIZE OF LITTERBAGS. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(5): 791-801. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2006.0101

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2006.0101

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2006/V30/I5/791

图/表 8

参考文献 39

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样地 Plots	位置 Sites					海拔 Altitude (m)		盖度 Cover (%)		样地环境 Environment of plot							有机质 Organic matter (%)					全氮 Total N (%)				pH		C/N
SRF1	位于勐昆公路55 km,属勐仑自然保护区,是CERN在西双版纳热带雨林定位研究样地 The SRF1 is located in a distance of 15 km to Tropical Botanical Garden, where belong to Xishuangbanna Nature Reserves. It is also field site for CERN study					750		90~95		林地面积较大,周围主要是常绿阔叶林,样地包括坡度较大的坡地和平缓的冲积地,人为干扰较小 Forest area is large. Evergreen broad-leaved forest is surrounding vegetation. Landform of plot include riparian and upland. Human disturbance in the plot is light							2.713					0.140				5.53		11.33
SRF2	位于曼掌寨附近,属于勐仑自然保护区 The SRF2 is located in a distance of 12 km to Tropical Botanical Garden, where belongs to Xishuangbanna Nature Reserves					650		90~95		林地面积较大,周围三面为雨林,一面是农田,样地由坡地构成,周围的雨林下有当地居民种植的砂仁,样地中人为干扰小 Forest area is large, Surrounding vegetation is evergreen broad-leaved forest (three sides) and farmland (one side). Landform of plot is only upland. Although Amomum plants were planted in plot surrounding forest by located people, there is not many human disturbance in the plot							2.295					0.115				4.43		11.58

样地 Plots	位置 Sites					海拔 Altitude (m)		盖度 Cover (%)		样地环境 Environment of plot							有机质 Organic matter (%)					全氮 Total N (%)				pH		C/N
SRF1	位于勐昆公路55 km,属勐仑自然保护区,是CERN在西双版纳热带雨林定位研究样地 The SRF1 is located in a distance of 15 km to Tropical Botanical Garden, where belong to Xishuangbanna Nature Reserves. It is also field site for CERN study					750		90~95		林地面积较大,周围主要是常绿阔叶林,样地包括坡度较大的坡地和平缓的冲积地,人为干扰较小 Forest area is large. Evergreen broad-leaved forest is surrounding vegetation. Landform of plot include riparian and upland. Human disturbance in the plot is light							2.713					0.140				5.53		11.33
SRF2	位于曼掌寨附近,属于勐仑自然保护区 The SRF2 is located in a distance of 12 km to Tropical Botanical Garden, where belongs to Xishuangbanna Nature Reserves					650		90~95		林地面积较大,周围三面为雨林,一面是农田,样地由坡地构成,周围的雨林下有当地居民种植的砂仁,样地中人为干扰小 Forest area is large, Surrounding vegetation is evergreen broad-leaved forest (three sides) and farmland (one side). Landform of plot is only upland. Although Amomum plants were planted in plot surrounding forest by located people, there is not many human disturbance in the plot							2.295					0.115				4.43		11.58

样地 Plots	网孔 Mesh size (mm)	分解率指数 k (Mean±SD)	R²	年失重率 Mass loss (% a^-1)	3/k (a)
SRF1	2	1.884±0.213^A	0.723	71.226^A	1.592
	0.15	0.478±0.346^B	0.667	34.797^B	6.276
SRF2	2	2.437±0.364^C	0.911	71.020^A	1.231
	0.15	0.582±0.179^B	0.834	35.698^B	5.155

样地 Plots	网孔 Mesh size (mm)	分解率指数 k (Mean±SD)	R²	年失重率 Mass loss (% a^-1)	3/k (a)
SRF1	2	1.884±0.213^A	0.723	71.226^A	1.592
	0.15	0.478±0.346^B	0.667	34.797^B	6.276
SRF2	2	2.437±0.364^C	0.911	71.020^A	1.231
	0.15	0.582±0.179^B	0.834	35.698^B	5.155

时间 Day (d)	样地 Plot	网孔(mm) Mesh size	C (%)	N (%)	P (mg·g^-1)	S (mg·g^-1)	K (mg·g^-1)	Ca (mg·g^-1)	Mg (mg·g^-1)	C/N	C/P
0	SRF1	2	52.887	1.287	0.777	1.777	4.660	15.907	2.697	41.112	681.442
		0.15	52.887	1.287	0.777	1.777	4.660	15.907	2.697	41.112	681.442
	SRF2	2	50.095	0.990	0.710	1.410	3.230	23.320	3.330	50.872	706.715
		0.15	50.095	0.990	0.710	1.410	3.230	23.320	3.330	50.872	706.715
60	SRF1	2	51.464	1.338	0.684	1.668	1.124	21.620	2.200	38.518	764.278
		0.15	52.074	1.398	0.586	1.656	1.310	22.072	2.520	37.364	890.132
	SRF2	2	49.316	1.484	0.782	1.482	1.016	25.380	2.880	33.600	636.054
		0.15	51.678	1.452	0.700	1.554	1.632	23.706	2.786	35.593	738.546
120	SRF1	2	42.874	1.498	0.858	1.602	1.234	19.376	1.820	28.769	505.641
		0.15	50.404	1.544	0.648	1.794	0.684	22.322	2.242	32.723	794.131
	SRF2	2	42.030	1.426	0.836	1.366	0.990	24.358	2.372	29.832	505.181
		0.15	49.758	1.556	0.792	1.648	0.874	24.684	2.560	31.765	635.371
180	SRF1	2	41.280	1.622	1.022	1.688	1.760	21.330	1.978	25.482	405.523
		0.15	46.342	1.636	0.722	1.852	1.588	22.074	2.640	28.463	648.485
	SRF2	2	38.438	1.718	1.080	1.530	1.184	22.052	2.658	22.688	356.291
		0.15	46.708	1.822	1.052	1.944	0.856	29.404	3.546	26.247	449.102
240	SRF1	2	35.306	1.526	0.836	1.562	1.830	18.520	1.830	23.184	430.773
		0.15	48.160	1.690	0.700	1.905	1.248	24.275	2.795	28.986	712.654
	SRF2	2	38.488	1.644	0.876	1.300	1.032	21.034	2.346	23.511	458.517
		0.15	47.582	1.778	0.926	1.884	0.984	28.514	3.150	28.020	519.262
300	SRF1	2	32.554	1.412	0.768	1.462	2.186	16.444	1.916	22.813	432.406
		0.15	46.444	1.592	0.722	1.844	1.458	23.744	2.414	29.237	648.585
	SRF2	2	36.122	1.788	0.807	1.518	1.478	22.116	2.394	20.460	964.581
		0.15	45.884	1.754	0.922	1.800	1.010	26.852	2.850	26.166	499.937
360	SRF1	2	38.238	1.770	0.914	1.682	2.086	19.216	1.908	21.744	425.401
		0.15	43.292	1.654	0.724	1.868	2.032	22.700	2.614	26.157	599.982
	SRF2	2	37.678	1.846	0.972	1.630	1.324	22.384	2.222	19.867	389.353
		0.15	44.890	1.882	0.962	1.974	1.110	25.830	3.050	24.624	489.471