模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地非生长季土壤呼吸的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0414

植物生态学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1111-1123.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0414

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地非生长季土壤呼吸的影响

孙宝玉^1,², 韩广轩^1,^*(), 陈亮³, 初小静^1,², 邢庆会^1,², 吴立新⁴, 朱书玉⁴

¹中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室, 山东烟台 264003
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³聊城大学环境与规划学院, 山东聊城 252059
⁴山东省黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理局, 山东东营 257091

收稿日期:2015-11-21 接受日期:2016-07-23 出版日期:2016-11-10 发布日期:2016-11-25
通讯作者: 韩广轩
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41301083)和中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-EW-STS-127)

Effects of elevated temperature on soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the non- growing season in the Yellow River Delta, China

Bao-Yu SUN^1,², Guang-Xuan HAN^1,^*(), Liang CHEN³, Xiao-Jing CHU^1,², Qing-Hui XING^1,², Li-Xin WU⁴, Shu-Yu ZHU⁴

¹Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China

²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

³College of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
and
⁴Administration Bureau of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, Dongying, Shandong 257091, China

Received:2015-11-21 Accepted:2016-07-23 Online:2016-11-10 Published:2016-11-25
Contact: Guang-Xuan HAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冬季土壤呼吸能释放生长季所固存的碳, 因而在陆地碳循环中占有重要地位。随着全球气候变暖, 平均地表温度将升高0.3-4.8 ℃, 且冬季增温更加明显, 而温度的升高会促进更多CO₂的释放。另外, 滨海湿地地下水位浅, 淡咸水交互作用明显, 增温能引起土壤表层盐分升高, 从而影响土壤呼吸。该研究以黄河三角洲滨海湿地为研究对象, 采用红外辐射加热器模拟增温, 研究了该地区非生长季土壤呼吸的日动态及季节动态, 同时探讨了土壤呼吸对环境因子的响应机制。结果显示: 日动态中, 增温与对照的土壤呼吸速率变化趋势一致, 为单峰曲线; 在平均日变化中, 整个非生长季不同处理的土壤呼吸速率无显著差异, 而土壤温度和土壤盐分均为增温大于对照, 并且土壤呼吸峰值时间均比土壤温度提前。季节动态中, 整个研究期分为非盐分限制阶段(2014年11月-2015年2月中旬)和盐分限制阶段(2015年2月中旬-2015年4月)。在整个非生长季, 土壤呼吸速率无显著差异; 在非盐分限制阶段, 当10 cm土壤温度升高4.0 ℃时, 土壤呼吸速率显著提高22.9%, 而土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数(Q₁₀)与对照相比有所降低; 在盐分限制阶段, 尽管土壤温度升高3.3 ℃, 土壤呼吸速率却降低了20.7%, 这可能是由于增温引起了土壤盐分的升高, 同时由增温引起的土壤含水量的升高在一定程度上也限制了土壤呼吸, 而此阶段增温对Q₁₀无显著影响。因此, 在滨海湿地中, 增温除了直接影响土壤温度, 还可通过影响土壤水盐状况来影响土壤呼吸, 进而影响滨海湿地土壤碳库。

关键词: 增温, 土壤呼吸, 非生长季, 土壤盐分含量, 滨海湿地, 黄河三角洲

Abstract:

Aims Winter soil respiration plays a crucial role in terrestrial carbon cycle, which could lose carbon gained in the growing season. With global warming, the average near-surface air temperatures will rise by 0.3 to 4.8 °C. Winter is expected to be warmer obviously than other seasons. Thus, the elevated temperature can significantly affect soil respiration. The coastal wetland has shallow underground water level and is affected by the fresh water and salt water. Elevated temperature can cause the increase of soil salinity, and as a result high salinity can limit soil respiration. Our objectives were to determine the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the non-growing season, and to explore the responses of soil respiration to environmental factors, especially soil temperature and salinity.
Methods A manipulative warming experiment was conducted in a costal wetland in the Yellow River Delta using the infrared heaters. A complete random block design with two treatments, including control and warming, and each treatment was replicated each treatment four times. Soil respiration was measured twice a month during the non-growing season by a LI-8100 soil CO₂ efflux system. The measurements were taken every 2 h for 24 h at clear days. During each soil respiration measurement, soil environmental parameters were determined simultaneously, including soil temperature, moisture and salinity.
Important findings The diurnal variation of soil respiration in the warming plots was closely coupled with that in the control plots, and both exhibited single-peak curves. The daily soil respiration in the warming was higher than that in the control from November 2014 to January 2015. Contrarily, from March to April 2015. During the non-growing seasons, there were no significant differences in the daily mean soil respiration between the two treatments. However, soil temperature and soil salt content in the warming plots were significantly higher than those in the control plots. The non-growing season was divided into the no salt restriction period (November 2014 to middle February 2015) and salt restriction period (middle February 2015 to April 2015). During non-growing season, soil respiration in the warming had no significant difference compared with that in control. During the no salt restriction period, soil respiration in the warming was 22.9% (p < 0.01) greater than the control when soil temperature at 10 cm depth in warming was elevated by 4.0 °C compared with that in control. However, experimental warming decreased temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q₁₀). During salt restriction period, soil warming decreased soil respiration by 20.7% compared with the control although with higher temperature (3.3 °C), which may be attributed to the increased soil salt content (Soil electric conductivity increased from 4.4 ds·m^-1 to 5.3 ds·m^-1). The high water content can limit soil respiration in some extent. In addition, the Q₁₀ value in the warming had no significant difference compared with that in control during this period. Therefore, soil warming can not only increase soil respiration by elevating soil temperature, but also decrease soil respiration by increasing soil salt content due to evaporation, which consequently regulating the soil carbon balance of coastal wetlands.

Key words: elevated temperature, soil respiration, non-growing season, soil salt content, coastal wetland, Yellow River Delta

孙宝玉, 韩广轩, 陈亮, 初小静, 邢庆会, 吴立新, 朱书玉. 模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地非生长季土壤呼吸的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(11): 1111-1123. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0414

Bao-Yu SUN, Guang-Xuan HAN, Liang CHEN, Xiao-Jing CHU, Qing-Hui XING, Li-Xin WU, Shu-Yu ZHU. Effects of elevated temperature on soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the non- growing season in the Yellow River Delta, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(11): 1111-1123. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0414

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0414

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I11/1111

图/表 5

图1 增温和对照处理下土壤呼吸速率日动态(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 1 Diurnal variation of soil respiration rate under warming and control treatments (mean ± SE).

图2 增温和对照处理土壤呼吸速率(A)、10 cm土壤温度(B)、土壤水分含量(C)、土壤电导率(D)的日动态(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 2 Average diurnal variation of soil respiration rate (A), soil temperature (B), soil water content (C), and soil salt content (D) at 10 cm depth under warming and control treatments (mean ± SE).

图3 增温和对照处理下土壤呼吸速率(A)、10 cm土壤温度(B)、土壤水分含量(C)、土壤电导率(D)的季节动态(白色区域表示非盐分限制阶段, 灰色区域表示盐分限制阶段)。

Fig. 3 Seasonal variation of soil respiration rate (A), soil temperature (B), soil water content (C), and soil electric conductivity (D) at 10 cm depth under warming and control treatments (White expresses non-salt restriction period, gray expresses salt restriction period).

图4 增温对非盐分限制阶段、盐分限制阶段和整个非生长季土壤呼吸速率(A)、10 cm土壤温度(B)、土壤含水量(C)、土壤电导率(D)的影响(平均值±标准误差)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 4 Soil respiration rate (A), soil temperature (B), soil water content (C), and soil electric conductivity (D) at 10 cm depth of non- salt restriction period, salt restriction period and non-growing season under warming and control treatments (mean ± SE).

表1 不同日期土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度间关系模型SR =a × exp (b × t)的参数及Q10值

Table 1 Parameter of relational model (SR = a × exp (b × t)) between soil respiration rate and soil temperature and the Q10 value on different dates

阶段 Period	日期 Date	a		b		Q₁₀		R²		p
阶段 Period	日期 Date	增温 Warming	对照 Control	增温 Warming	对照 Control	增温 Warming	对照 Control	增温 Warming	对照 Control	增温 Warming	对照 Control
非盐分限制阶段 Non-salt restriction period	11-1	0.316	0.117	0.059	0.137	1.06^*	1.15	0.79	0.63	<0.01	<0.01
	11-21	0.040	0.151	0.097	0.102	1.10	1.11	0.66	0.63	0.06	0.04
	12-6	0.147	0.082	0.146	0.775	1.16^**	2.17^**	0.66	0.54	<0.01	<0.01
	12-19	0.044	0.139	0.435	0.674	1.54^*	1.96^*	0.85	0.74	<0.01	<0.01
	1-3	0.044	0.908	0.453	0.305	1.57	1.36	0.71	0.74	<0.01	0.03
	1-24	0.040	0.138	0.293	0.219	1.34	1.24	0.72	0.74	<0.01	0.02
	2-3	0.074	0.042	0.144	0.122	1.15	1.13	0.71	0.68	<0.01	0.06
盐分限制阶段 Salt restriction period	2-26	0.055	0.094	0.168	0.205	1.18	1.23	0.50	0.52	0.02	0.02
	3-14	0.028	0.102	0.206	0.203	1.23	1.23	0.55	0.66	0.03	0.02
	3-28	0.071	0.045	0.117	0.169	1.12	1.18	0.74	0.95	<0.01	<0.01
	4-10	0.065	0.133	0.106	0.099	1.11	1.10	0.88	0.52	<0.01	<0.01
	4-28	0.176	0.316	0.065	0.062	1.07	1.06	0.75	0.62	<0.01	0.01

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模拟增温对黄河三角洲滨海湿地非生长季土壤呼吸的影响

Effects of elevated temperature on soil respiration in a coastal wetland during the non- growing season in the Yellow River Delta, China

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