腐烂等级、径级对典型阔叶红松林红松倒木物理化学性质的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0187

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

倒木是森林生态系统的重要组成部分, 在地力维护、生物多样性保持以及碳(C)和养分循环等方面具有重要意义, 但倒木物理化学性质随其腐烂等级和径级而变化。为了深入理解腐烂等级和径级对倒木物理化学性质的影响, 该研究以典型阔叶红松林的建群种——红松(Pinus koraiensis)的倒木为研究对象, 将其每个腐烂等级(I-V)下的倒木分为4个径级(径级i ≤ 10.0 cm、径级ii 10.1-30.0 cm、径级iii 30.1-50.0 cm、径级iv >50.0 cm), 研究了不同腐烂等级、径级及两者交互作用对倒木心材和边材物理化学性质的影响。结果表明: 心材和边材具有相似的变化规律。倒木心材和边材含水率随着腐烂等级增加而增加, 而木材密度随腐烂等级和径级的增加均呈下降趋势; 边材C含量以及心材和边材的氮(N)、磷(P)含量随腐烂等级增加呈上升趋势, 心材N、P含量随径级增加呈先增加后减少的趋势; 纤维素含量随腐烂等级增加呈下降趋势, 而木质素含量呈上升趋势, 纤维素和木质素含量随径级增加没有明显变化规律。倒木含水率与C、N、P、木质素含量(除心材P含量)显著正相关, 与纤维素含量显著负相关; 木材密度与C、N、P、木质素含量显著负相关, 与纤维素含量显著正相关。由此可见, 倒木物理化学性质受不同腐烂等级和径级的影响有各自的变化规律, 且倒木的物理性质(含水率和木材密度)是影响化学含量变化的重要因素。

关键词: 阔叶红松林, 倒木, 腐烂等级, 径级, 物理化学性质

Abstract: AimsLog is an important component for most of forest ecosystems. It plays crucial roles in maintaining soil fertility, sustaining biodiversity and cycling of carbon (C) and nutrient. However, physico-chemical properties of logs vary with decay classes and diameter classes. Our objective was to study effects of decay classes and diameter classes on physico-chemical properties of logs in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in northern China.MethodsIn this study, logs of Pinus koraiensis were chosen as it was the constructive species in the typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. Logs of P. koraiensis at each decay classes (I-V) were divided into four diameter classes, including diameter class i ≤ 10.0 cm, diameter class ii: 10.1-30.0 cm, diameter class iii: 30.1-50.0 cm, and diameter class iv > 50.0 cm. Then, we explored effects of different decay classes, diameter classes and their interactions on the physico-chemical properties of logs for both the heartwood and sapwood.Important findings The results showed that the physico-chemical properties of heartwood and sapwood generally exhibited similar variations. Their moisture content both increased with an increasing decay class, whereas wood density both decreased with an increased decay class and diameter class. The carbon concentrations of the sapwood showed a trend of gradual increasing during decomposition, and there was an accumulation in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations of the heartwood and sapwood with an increased decay class, simultaneously. Only N and P concentrations of the heartwood increased and then decreased with an increasing diameter class. The cellulose content decreased with an increasing decay class. In contrast to the cellulose, the lignin content increased with an increased decay class. However, cellulose and lignin contents exhibited no distinct trend among diameter classes. The moisture content of logs had a significant positive correlation with C, N, P concentrations and lignin content (except P concentrations of the heartwood), but had a significant negative correlation with the cellulose content (p< 0.05). The wood density was negatively correlated with C, N, P concentrations and the lignin content, but it was positively correlated with the cellulose content (p< 0.05). Therefore, physico-chemical properties of logs had unique patterns along both decay classes and diameter classes, and the physical properties of logs (the moisture content and wood density) were important factor affecting the variations of their chemical contents.

Key words: mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest, log, decay class, diameter class, physico-chemical pro- perties

张瑜, 金光泽. 腐烂等级、径级对典型阔叶红松林红松倒木物理化学性质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(12): 1276-1288. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0187

Yu ZHANG, Guang-Ze JIN. Effects of decay classes and diameter classes on physico-chemical properties of Pinus koraiensis log in a typical mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(12): 1276-1288. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0187

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0187

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I12/1276

图/表 7

表1 影响倒木物理化学质量因子的方差分析

Table 1 ANOVA test of the factors affecting fallen logs physico-chemical quality

因子 Factor	组分 Component	含水率 Moisture content	木材密度 Wood density	碳含量 Carbon content	氮含量 Nitrogen content	磷含量 Phosphorus content	纤维素含量 Cellulose content	木质素含量 Lignin content
腐烂等级	心材 Heartwood	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p > 0.05	p = 0.024	p = 0.009	p < 0.001	p < 0.001
Decay class	边材 Sapwood	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p = 0.012	p = 0.003	p < 0.001	p < 0.001	p < 0.001
径级	心材 Heartwood	p > 0.05	p = 0.003	p > 0.05	p = 0.002	p < 0.001	p > 0.05	p > 0.05
Diameter class	边材 Sapwood	p > 0.05	p = 0.045	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05
腐烂等级×径级	心材 Heartwood	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p = 0.019	p = 0.044
Decay class × diameter class	边材 Sapwood	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p > 0.05	p = 0.014	p = 0.016

图1 不同腐烂等级和径级下红松倒木的含水率和木材密度(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。Total表示不同腐烂等级和径级下倒木心材和边材含水率、木材密度的总体平均值。不同小写字母表示倒木心材及边材不同腐烂等级间和径级间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示倒木心材和边材间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Moisture content and wood density of logs of Pinus koraiensis at different decay classes and diameter classes (mean ± SE, n = 3). Total indicates total average value of moisture content and wood density of both heartwood and sapwood at different decay classes and diameter classes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different decay classes and diameter classes in the heartwood and sapwood (p < 0.05). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between heartwood and sapwood (p < 0.05).

图2 不同腐烂等级下红松倒木的C、N、P、纤维素、木质素含量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。Total表示不同腐烂等级下倒木心材和边材C、N、P、纤维素和木质素的总体平均含量。不同小写字母表示倒木心材和边材在不同腐烂等级间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示倒木心材和边材间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Contents of C, N, P, cellulose, lignin of logs of Pinus koraiensis at different decay classes (mean ± SE, n = 3). Total indicate total average content of C, N, P, cellulose and lignin of heartwood and sapwood at different decay classes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different decay classes in the heartwood and sapwood (p < 0.05). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between heartwood and sapwood (p < 0.05).

图3 在不同径级下红松倒木C、N、P、纤维素和木质素含量(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)。Total表示不同径级下倒木心材和边材C、N、P、纤维素和木质素的总体平均含量。不同小写字母表示倒木心材和边材在不同径级间差异显著(p < 0.05); 不同大写字母表示倒木心材和边材间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Contents of C, N, P, cellulose, lignin of logs of Pinus koraiensis at different diameter classes (mean ± SE, n = 3). Total indicate total average content of C, N, P, cellulose, lignin of heartwood and sapwood at different diameter classes. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different diameter classes in the heartwood and sapwood (p < 0.05). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between heartwood and sapwood (p < 0.05).

表2 不同腐烂等级下红松倒木C:N、C:P、N:P、木质素:纤维素的变化特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Table 2 Variation characteristics of C:N, C:P, N:P and lignin:cellulose of logs of Pinus koraiensis at different decay classes (mean ± SE, n = 3)

	组分 Component	腐烂等级 Decay class					Total
	组分 Component	I	II	III	IV	V	Total
C:N	心材 Heartwood	467 ± 68^aA	317 ± 28^abA	333 ± 83^abA	264 ± 30^bA	275 ± 29^bA	336 ± 27^A
	边材 Sapwood	432 ± 88^aA	288 ± 29^abA	240 ± 41^bA	177 ± 25^bA	178 ± 18^bA	269 ± 25^A
C:P	心材 Heartwood	8 916 ± 5 783^aA	9 667 ± 1 548^aA	4 952 ± 1 181^aA	3 135 ± 619^aA	3 970 ± 1 227^aA	6 220 ± 1 324^A
C:P	边材 Sapwood	6 998 ± 1 153^bA	23 209 ± 8 640^aA	3 541 ± 725^bA	1 621 ± 251^bB	1 621 ± 244^bB	7 423 ± 1 964^A
N:P	心材 Heartwood	22 ± 12.28^aA	31 ± 4.31^aA	20 ± 5.21^aA	18 ± 7.48^aA	15 ± 5.09^aA	21 ± 3.37^A
	边材 Sapwood	21 ± 3.32^bA	88 ± 31.54^aA	23 ± 7.71^bA	10 ± 1.32^bA	10 ± 1.5^bA	30 ± 7.27^A
木质素:纤维素	心材 Heartwood	0.91 ± 0.26^bA	0.89 ± 0.19^bA	1.44 ± 0.03^bA	1.90 ± 0.40^bA	3.22 ± 0.63^aA	1.67 ± 0.20^A
Lignin:cellulose	边材 Sapwood	0.56 ± 0.06^cA	0.65 ± 0.05^cA	1.07 ± 0.17^bcA	1.70 ± 0.22^bA	2.71 ± 0.50^aA	1.34 ± 0.15^A

表3 不同径级下红松倒木C:N、C:P、N:P、木质素:纤维素的变化特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 3)

Table 3 Variation characteristic of C:N, C:P, N:P and lignin:cellulose of logs of Pinus koraiensis at different diameter classes (mean ± SE, n = 3)

	组分 Component	径级 Diameter class				Total
	组分 Component	ⅰ	ⅱ	ⅲ	ⅳ	Total
C:N	心材 Heartwood	492 ± 69^aA	276 ± 23^bA	214 ± 23^bA	355 ± 57^abA	336 ± 27^A
C:N	边材 Sapwood	388 ± 92^aA	266 ± 27^abA	199 ± 30^bA	243 ± 38^abA	269 ± 25^A
C:P	心材 Heartwood	12 672 ± 5 284^aA	6 320 ± 1 107^abA	2 853 ± 765^bA	3 788 ± 607^bA	6 220 ± 1 324^A
	边材 Sapwood	19 255 ± 7 772^aA	3 277 ± 514^bB	4 240 ± 1 165^bA	3 790 ± 973^bA	7 423 ± 1 964^A
N:P	心材 Heartwood	29 ± 11.19^aA	29 ± 6.74^aA	14 ± 3.79^aA	15 ± 3.19^aA	21 ± 3.37^A
	边材 Sapwood	69 ± 28.81^aA	17 ± 5.89^bA	19 ± 3.72^bA	19 ± 4.32^bA	30 ± 7.27^A
木质素:纤维素	心材 Heartwood	2.03 ± 0.65^aA	1.20 ± 0.20^aA	2.01 ± 0.37^aA	1.44 ± 0.22^aA	1.67 ± 0.20^A
Lignin:cellulose	边材 Sapwood	1.74 ± 0.48^aA	1.18 ± 0.18^aA	1.33 ± 0.24^aA	1.13 ± 0.21^aA	1.34 ± 0.15^A

表4 红松倒木物理性质与化学成分的Pearson相关性分析

Table 4 Pearson correlation analysis between physical properties and chemical component in logs of Pinus koraiensis

因子 Factor	C		N		P		木质素 Lignin		纤维素 Cellulose
因子 Factor	心材 Heartwood	边材 Sapwood	心材 Heartwood	边材 Sapwood	心材 Heartwood	边材 Sapwood	心材 Heartwood	边材 Sapwood	心材 Heartwood	边材 Sapwood
含水率 Moisture content	0.283^*	0.298^*	0.325^*	0.288^*	0.196	0.477^**	0.507^**	0.510^**	-0.512^**	-0.500^**
木材密度 Wood density	-0.553^**	-0.211^*	-0.394^*	-0.433^**	-0.397^*	-0.592^**	-0.454^**	-0.478^**	0.458^**	0.512^**

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