腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠草地不同群落类型土壤有机碳分布及储量特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0068

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

荒漠生态系统环境的复杂性及其高度的空间异质性是土壤碳储量估算结果不确定性的重要因素。通过调查取样和室内分析, 研究了腾格里沙漠东南缘10种主要荒漠草地群落各土壤层(0-5、5-10、10-20、20-30、30-50、50-70和70-100 cm土层)的土壤有机碳(SOC)含量、垂直分布特征和影响因素, 以及0-5、0-20、0-50和0-100 cm土层剖面的土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)。结果显示, 灌木群落是SOC含量的重要影响因素, 各土层SOC含量在10种群落间均存在显著差异。从土壤表层到深层, SOC含量主要表现为由高至低和先升高后降低两种特征。SOC含量与黏粉粒含量、全氮(N)、全磷(P)和电导率呈显著的正相关关系, 与砂粒含量呈显著的负相关关系。各群落之间, 0-5、0-20、0-50和0-100 cm土层剖面的SOCD均存在显著差异, 其平均值分别为0.118、0.478、1.159和1.936 kg·m ^-2。这一结果低于全球和全国草地SOCD的平均值, 利用全国数据或该研究的平均值可能会高估或低估区域土壤有机碳储量, 因此利用不同群落的SOCD能增加荒漠地区土壤有机碳储量估算的确定性。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 荒漠草地, 土壤有机碳含量, 土壤有机碳密度

Abstract:

Aims The complexity of environments and high spatial heterogeneity of desert ecosystems are important factors contributing to the uncertainty in the estimation of soil organic carbon storage.

Methods Ten types of desert grassland communities in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert, China were investigated. The content and vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) content in seven soil depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-70 and 70-100 cm) and the underlying drivers were examined. Soil organic carbon density (SOCD) of four soil profiles (0-5, 0-20, 0-50 and 0-100 cm) were quantified.

Important findings We found significant differences in SOC content among the 10 vegetation communities, and the shrub community type was an important factor affecting SOC content. Two types of trends in SOC content changes with soil depth were observed: 1) monotonic decrease, 2) increase followed by decrease. The SOC content was significantly positively correlated with clay content, total N, total P and conductivity, but negatively correlated with sand content. There were significant differences in SOCD for soil profiles of 0-5, 0-20, 0-50 and 0-100 cm among different communities, of which the mean values of SOCD were 0.118, 0.478, 1.159 and 1.936 kg·m^-2, respectively. Our results show that SOCD is far below the mean value of global or national grasslands. Using the average values of SOCD across either global or national grasslands (including the grassland in this study) to estimate the SOC storage of desert ecosystems may lead to the overestimation or underestimation. Using the SOCD of specific communities may greatly increase the accuracy of SOC storage estimation in desert grasslands.

Key words: the Tengger Desert, desert grassland, soil organic carbon content, soil organic carbon density

杨昊天, 王增如, 贾荣亮. 腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠草地不同群落类型土壤有机碳分布及储量特征. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(3): 288-296. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0068

YANG Hao-Tian, WANG Zeng-Ru, JIA Rong-Liang. Distribution and storage of soil organic carbon across the desert grasslands in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(3): 288-296. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0068

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0068

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I3/288

图/表 4

参考文献 35

[1]	Bao SD ( 2000). Agricultural Chemistry Analysis of Soil. China Agriculture Press, Beijing.
	鲍士旦 ( 2000). 土壤农化分析. 中国农业出版社, 北京.
[2]	Batjes NH ( 1996). Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science, 47, 151-163. DOI URL
[3]	Davidson EA, Trumbore SE, Amundson R ( 2000). Biogeochemistry: Soil warming and organic carbon content. Nature, 408, 789-790. DOI URL PMID
[4]	Ding YK, Yang J, Song BY, Hu GJLT, Zhang L ( 2012). Effect of different vegetation types on soil organic carbon in Mu Us Desert. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 21(2), 18-25. DOI URL
	丁越岿, 杨劼, 宋炳煜, 呼格吉勒图, 张琳 ( 2012). 不同植被类型对毛乌素沙地土壤有机碳的影响. 草业学报, 21(2), 18-25. DOI URL
[5]	Evans RD, Koyama A, Sonderegger DL, Chen X, Maisupova B, Madaminov AA, Han Q, Djenbaev BM ( 2014). Greater ecosystem carbon in the Mojave Desert after ten years exposure to elevated CO2. Nature Climate Change, 4, 394-397. DOI URL
[6]	Fang JY, Yang YH, Ma WH, Mohhamot A, Shen HH ( 2010). Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China’s grasslands. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 40, 566-576.
	方精云, 杨元合, 马文红, 安尼瓦尔·买买提, 沈海花 ( 2010). 中国草地生态系统碳库及其变化. 中国科学: 生命科学, 40, 566-576.
[7]	Gao YH, Li XR, Liu LC, Jia RL, Yang HT, Li G, Wei Y ( 2012). Seasonal variation of carbon exchange from a revegetation area in a Chinese desert. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 156, 134-142. DOI URL
[8]	Hastings SJ, Oechel WC, Muhlia-Melo A ( 2005). Diurnal, seasonal and annual variation in the net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a desert shrub community (Sarcocaulescent) in Baja California, Mexico. Global Change Biology, 11, 927-939. DOI URL
[9]	Hou XY ( 1982). Vegetation Map of the People’s Republic of China and Its Illustration. China Cartographic Publishing House, Beijing.
	侯学煜 ( 1982). 中华人民共和国植被图简要说明. 地图出版社, 北京.
[10]	Janzen HH ( 2004). Carbon cycling in earth systems—A soil science perspective. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, 104, 399-417. DOI URL
[11]	Jasoni RL, Smith SD, Arnone JA ( 2005). Net ecosystem CO2 exchange in Mojave Desert shrublands during the eighth year of exposure to elevated CO2. Global Change Biology, 11, 749-756. DOI URL
[12]	Jobbágy EG, Sala OE ( 2000). Controls of grass and shrub aboveground production in the Patagonian steppe. Ecological Applications, 10, 541-549. DOI URL
[13]	Kirschbaum MUF ( 2000). Will changes in soil organic carbon act as a positive or negative feedback on global warming? Biogeochemistry, 48, 21-51. DOI URL
[14]	Li C, Zhang C, Luo G, Chen X, Maisupova B, Madaminov AA, Han Q, Djenbaev BM ( 2015). Carbon stock and its responses to climate change in Central Asia. Global Change Biology, 21, 1951-1967. DOI URL PMID
[15]	Li D, Huang Y, Wu Q, Ming Z, Jin DY ( 2010). Modeling dynamics of soil organic carbon in an alpine meadow ecosystem on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using the Century model. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 19(2), 160-168. DOI
	李东, 黄耀, 吴琴, 明珠, 靳代樱 ( 2010). 青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统土壤有机碳动态模拟研究. 草业学报, 19(2), 160-168. DOI
[16]	Li XR ( 2012). Eco-hydrology of Biological Soil Crusts in Desert Regions of China. Higher Education Press, Beijing.
	李新荣 ( 2012). 荒漠生物土壤结皮生态与水文学研究. 高等教育出版社, 北京.
[17]	Li XR, He MZ, Duan ZH, Xiao HL, Jia XH ( 2007a ). Recovery of topsoil physicochemical properties in revegetated sites in the sand-burial ecosystems of the Tengger Desert, northern China. Geomorphology, 88, 254-265. DOI URL
[18]	Li XR, Kong DS, Tan HJ, Wang XP ( 2007b ). Changes in soil and vegetation following stabilisation of dunes in the southeastern fringe of the Tengger Desert, China. Plant and Soil, 300, 221-231. DOI URL
[19]	Li XR, Zhang ZS, Liu YB, Li XJ, Yang HT ( 2016). Fundamental Ecohydrology of Ecological Restoration and Recovery in Sandy Desert Regions of China. Science Press, Beijing.
	李新荣, 张志山, 刘玉冰, 李小军, 杨昊天 ( 2016). 中国沙区生态重建与恢复的生态水文学基础. 科学出版社, 北京.
[20]	Luyssaert S, Ingliina I, Jung M, Richardson A, Reichstein M, Papale D, Piao S, Schulze ED, Wingate L, Matteucci G ( 2007). CO2 balance of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests derived from a global database. Global Change Biology, 13, 2509-2537. DOI URL
[21]	Ma WH ( 2006). Carbon Storage of Grasslands in Inner Mongolia. PhD dissertation, Peking University, Beijing.
	马文红 ( 2006). 内蒙古温带草地碳储量. 博士学位论文, 北京大学, 北京.
[22]	Men XH ( 2013). The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Biomass and Carbon Density of Temperate Desert Grassland in Northern Xinjiang. Master degree dissertation, Xinjiang Agricultural University, ürümqi.
	门学慧 ( 2013). 北疆温性荒漠类草地生物量与碳密度空间分布特征. 硕士学位论文, 新疆农业大学, 乌鲁木齐. ]
[23]	Mohhamot A ( 2006). Carbon and Nitrogen Storage of Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang. PhD dissertation, Peking University, Beijing.
	安尼瓦尔·买买提 ( 2006). 新疆草地生态系统碳、氮储量的研究. 博士学位论文, 北京大学, 北京.]
[24]	Post WM, Emanuel WR, Zinke PJ, Stangenberger AG ( 1982). Soil carbon pools and world life zones. Nature, 298, 156-159. DOI URL
[25]	Post WM, Peng TH, Emanuel WR, King AW, Dale VH, DeAngelis DL ( 1990). The global carbon cycle. American Scientist, 78, 310-326.
[26]	Rotenberg E, Yakir D ( 2010). Contribution of semi-arid forests to the climate system. Science, 327, 451-454. DOI URL PMID
[27]	Schlesinger WH, Belnap J, Marion G ( 2009). On carbon sequestration in desert ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 15, 1488-1490. DOI URL
[28]	Stone R ( 2008). Have desert researchers discovered a hidden loop in the carbon cycle? Science, 320, 1409-1410. DOI URL PMID
[29]	Wang M ( 2014). Vegetation Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Desert Grasslands of Hexi Corridor. PhD dissertation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
	王敏 ( 2014). 河西走廊荒漠草地生物量和土壤有机碳储量. 博士学位论文, 中国科学院大学, 北京.
[30]	Wohlfahrt Q, Fenstermaker LF, Arnone JA ( 2008). Large annual net ecosystem CO2 uptake of a Mojave Desert ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 14, 1475-1487. DOI URL
[31]	Xie J, Li Y, Zhai C, Li C, Lan Z ( 2009). CO2 absorption by alkaline soils and its implication to the global carbon cycle. Environmental Geology, 56, 953-961. DOI URL
[32]	Yang HT, Li XR, Wang ZR, Jia RL, Liu LC, Chen YL, Wei YP, Gao YH, Li G ( 2014). Carbon sequestration capacity of shifting sand dune after establishing new vegetation in the Tengger Desert, northern China. Science of the Total Environment, 478, 1-11. DOI URL PMID
[33]	Yang TT ( 2013). Study on Biomass Dynamics and Carbon Storage Distribution in Desert Steppe. PhD dissertation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot.
	杨婷婷 ( 2013). 荒漠草原生物量动态及碳储量空间分布研究. 博士学位论文, 内蒙古农业大学, 呼和浩特. ]
[34]	Yang YH ( 2008). Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in Alpine Grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. PhD dissertation, Peking University, Beijing.
	杨元合 ( 2008). 青藏高原高寒草地生态系统碳氮储量. 博士学位论文, 北京大学, 北京.
[35]	Zhao YY, Long RJ, Lin HL, Ren JZ ( 2008). Study on pastoral security and its assessment. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 17(2), 143-150. DOI URL
	赵有益, 龙瑞军, 林慧龙, 任继周 ( 2008). 草地生态系统安全及其评价研究. 草业学报, 17(2), 143-150. DOI URL

群落类型 Community type	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
群落类型 Community type	0-5	5-10	10-20	20-30	30-50	50-70	70-100
AM	1.014 ± 0.186^de	0.951 ± 0.183^de	0.846 ± 0.154^fg	0.913 ± 0.463^de	0.663 ± 0.140^d	0.591 ± 0.471^e	0.649 ± 0.470^bc
CLA	3.440 ± 1.312^bc	2.411 ± 1.104^bc	1.962 ± 0.738^de	1.796 ± 0.922^cd	1.469 ± 0.443^cd	0.912 ± 0.199^de	1.288 ± 0.533^b
KF	2.960 ± 1.050^c	3.700 ± 1.667^a	4.660 ± 1.228^a	5.460 ± 2.281^a	4.040 ± 1.504^a	4.080 ± 1.270^a	2.420 ± 1.240^a
NT	1.200 ± 0.346^de	1.350 ± 0.311^cde	1.200 ± 0.245^ef	0.960 ± 0.288^de	0.880 ± 0.295^d	0.900 ± 0.361^de	0.760 ± 0.114^bc
OAL	0.439 ± 0.113^e	0.278 ± 0.050^e	0.254 ± 0.057^g	0.300 ± 0.101^e	0.438 ± 0.122^d	0.323 ± 0.075^e	0.393 ± 0.157^c
PM	1.720 ± 0.396^d	2.880 ± 0.814^ab	3.720 ± 0.444^b	3.780 ± 0.476^b	2.280 ± 0.228^bc	1.780 ± 0.311^bc	1.180 ± 0.476^b
RS	0.838 ± 0.094^e	1.700 ± 1.144^cd	2.445 ± 1.094^cd	3.376 ± 0.255^b	2.959 ± 0.313^ab	2.227 ± 0.213^b	2.322 ± 0.200^a
RSK	4.660 ± 0.720^a	3.760 ± 1.064^a	2.980 ± 0.268^bc	2.180 ± 0.192^c	2.580 ± 1.972^bc	1.180 ± 0.217^cde	1.080 ± 0.444^bc
SP	3.860 ± 0.684^ab	2.880 ± 0.676^ab	3.180 ± 0.756^bc	2.800 ± 1.037^bc	2.400 ± 1.384^bc	1.400 ± 0.447^cd	1.100 ± 0.728^bc
ZX	0.887 ± 0.265^e	1.301 ± 0.404^cde	1.511 ± 0.416^ef	1.703 ± 0.129^cd	1.571 ± 0.197^cd	1.352 ± 0.228^cd	1.166 ± 0.193^b

群落类型 Community type	土壤深度 Soil depth (cm)
群落类型 Community type	0-5	5-10	10-20	20-30	30-50	50-70	70-100
AM	1.014 ± 0.186^de	0.951 ± 0.183^de	0.846 ± 0.154^fg	0.913 ± 0.463^de	0.663 ± 0.140^d	0.591 ± 0.471^e	0.649 ± 0.470^bc
CLA	3.440 ± 1.312^bc	2.411 ± 1.104^bc	1.962 ± 0.738^de	1.796 ± 0.922^cd	1.469 ± 0.443^cd	0.912 ± 0.199^de	1.288 ± 0.533^b
KF	2.960 ± 1.050^c	3.700 ± 1.667^a	4.660 ± 1.228^a	5.460 ± 2.281^a	4.040 ± 1.504^a	4.080 ± 1.270^a	2.420 ± 1.240^a
NT	1.200 ± 0.346^de	1.350 ± 0.311^cde	1.200 ± 0.245^ef	0.960 ± 0.288^de	0.880 ± 0.295^d	0.900 ± 0.361^de	0.760 ± 0.114^bc
OAL	0.439 ± 0.113^e	0.278 ± 0.050^e	0.254 ± 0.057^g	0.300 ± 0.101^e	0.438 ± 0.122^d	0.323 ± 0.075^e	0.393 ± 0.157^c
PM	1.720 ± 0.396^d	2.880 ± 0.814^ab	3.720 ± 0.444^b	3.780 ± 0.476^b	2.280 ± 0.228^bc	1.780 ± 0.311^bc	1.180 ± 0.476^b
RS	0.838 ± 0.094^e	1.700 ± 1.144^cd	2.445 ± 1.094^cd	3.376 ± 0.255^b	2.959 ± 0.313^ab	2.227 ± 0.213^b	2.322 ± 0.200^a
RSK	4.660 ± 0.720^a	3.760 ± 1.064^a	2.980 ± 0.268^bc	2.180 ± 0.192^c	2.580 ± 1.972^bc	1.180 ± 0.217^cde	1.080 ± 0.444^bc
SP	3.860 ± 0.684^ab	2.880 ± 0.676^ab	3.180 ± 0.756^bc	2.800 ± 1.037^bc	2.400 ± 1.384^bc	1.400 ± 0.447^cd	1.100 ± 0.728^bc
ZX	0.887 ± 0.265^e	1.301 ± 0.404^cde	1.511 ± 0.416^ef	1.703 ± 0.129^cd	1.571 ± 0.197^cd	1.352 ± 0.228^cd	1.166 ± 0.193^b

群落类型 Community type	土层 Soil layer
群落类型 Community type	0-5	0-20	0-50
AM	0.071	0.256	0.562
CLA	0.104	0.306	0.622
KF	0.036	0.197	0.535
NT	0.063	0.248	0.541
OAL	0.062	0.174	0.500
PM	0.046	0.284	0.674
RS	0.018	0.151	0.520
RSK	0.113	0.348	0.715
SP	0.089	0.299	0.682
ZX	0.033	0.193	0.543
平均值 Mean	0.061	0.247	0.599

群落类型 Community type	土层 Soil layer
群落类型 Community type	0-5	0-20	0-50
AM	0.071	0.256	0.562
CLA	0.104	0.306	0.622
KF	0.036	0.197	0.535
NT	0.063	0.248	0.541
OAL	0.062	0.174	0.500
PM	0.046	0.284	0.674
RS	0.018	0.151	0.520
RSK	0.113	0.348	0.715
SP	0.089	0.299	0.682
ZX	0.033	0.193	0.543
平均值 Mean	0.061	0.247	0.599