外来植物入侵对土壤氮有效性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0219

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外来植物入侵对土壤氮循环和氮有效性的影响是入侵成功或进一步加剧的重要原因。通过对比相同研究地点入侵区域和无入侵区域的土壤原位氮状态差异, 探讨了外来植物入侵对土壤氮有效性的影响程度和生理生态学机制。基于107篇相关研究文献数据的整合, 发现植物入侵区域相对于无入侵区域土壤总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、无机氮、微生物生物量氮含量显著增加, 增幅分别为(50 ± 14)%、(60 ± 24)%、(470 ± 115)%、(69 ± 25)%、(54 ± 20)%。土壤硝态氮含量增幅较大反映硝化作用增强, 这可能增加入侵植物硝态氮利用以及喜硝植物的共存。温带地区植物入侵后土壤的硝态氮含量增幅显著高于亚热带地区。固氮植物入侵后土壤的总氮和无机氮含量增幅均显著高于非固氮植物入侵。木本和常绿植物入侵后土壤的总氮含量增幅分别高于草本和落叶植物入侵; 而土壤铵态氮含量的增幅没有显著差异且与固氮入侵植物占比无明显关系; 然而硝态氮含量的增幅普遍较高且与固氮入侵植物占比显著正相关。外来入侵植物固氮功能以及凋落物质量和数量是影响土壤氮矿化和硝化过程的关键因素。该研究为理解外来植物入侵成功和加剧的机制以及入侵植物功能性状与土壤氮动态之间的关系提供了新的见解。

关键词: 外来植物, 入侵生态学, 土壤氮循环, 氮有效性, 铵态氮, 硝态氮, 土壤总氮

Abstract:

Aims Exotic plant invasion has been a global eco-environmental issue, which declines biodiversity and influences ecosystem structure and function. Over the past decades, more and more studies showed that influences of exotic plant invasion on soil nitrogen (N) cycles, and soil N availabilities can facilitate the success and aggravation of invading plants.
Methods Based on differences in soil N contents between invaded and uninvaded areas in natural ecosystems at the same study sites, this study explored magnitudes and ecophysiological mechanisms of soil N variations under exotic plant invasion.
Important findings Based on the data integrated from 107 papers, we found that contents of soil total N, ammonium-N, nitrate-N, inorganic N, microbial biomass N under exotic plant invasion were increased by (50 ± 14)%, (60 ± 24)%, (470 ± 115)%, (69 ± 25)%, (54 ± 20)% respectively relative to those under no invasion. The increment in the soil nitrate-N pool was highest, suggesting higher nitrification rate, which potentially promoted plant nitrate-N utilization and the coexistence of nitrate-preferring species. The increment of soil nitrate-N pool under invasion was higher in the temperate zone than the subtropical zones significantly. Invasion of N₂-fixing plants caused obviously larger increments of soil total N and nitrate-N contents compared to invasion of non-N₂-fixing plants. The invasion of woody and evergreen invasive plants caused larger increments of soil total N than herbaceous and deciduous plants, respectively. The increases in soil ammonium-N under invasion did not differ substantially among different life forms and showed no clear relationship with the percentage of N₂-fixing plants. Differently, soil nitrate-N showed much larger increments under invasion and showed positive linear relationship with the percentage of N₂-fixing invasive plants. The N₂-fixing function, litter quality and quantity of invasive plants are important factors regulating soil N mineralization and nitrification under invasion. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the success and aggravation of plant invasion and into the relationships between soil N dynamics and plant functional traits in ecosystems under exotic plant invasion.

Key words: exotic plant, invasion ecology, soil nitrogen cycle, nitrogen availability, ammonium, nitrate, soil total nitrogen

许浩, 胡朝臣, 许士麒, 孙新超, 刘学炎. 外来植物入侵对土壤氮有效性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(11): 1120-1130. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0219

XU Hao, HU Chao-Chen, XU Shi-Qi, SUN Xin-Chao, LIU Xue-Yan. Effects of exotic plant invasion on soil nitrogen availability. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(11): 1120-1130. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0219

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0219

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I11/1120

图/表 4

图1 外来植物入侵影响土壤氮(N)有效性的关键过程机制。

Fig. 1 Major processes and mechanisms of changing soil nitrogen (N) availability influenced by exotic plant invasion.

图2 入侵区域与无入侵区域土壤的氮含量(A)和入侵区域相对于无入侵区域土壤氮含量的相对变化(B) (平均值+标准误差)。*表示入侵区域相对于无入侵区域土壤氮含量变化显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Soil N contents in invaded and uninvaded areas (A) and relative variation (RV) values of soil N contents in invaded areas compared to uninvaded areas (B) (mean + SE). * indicates significant variation of soil N contents between the two types of areas (p < 0.05).

图3 不同气候带、固氮功能、生活型分类下, 入侵区域和无入侵区域土壤的总氮(A)、铵态氮(B)、硝态氮(C)、无机氮含量(D)和入侵区域相对于无入侵区域土壤总氮(E)、铵态氮(F)、硝态氮(G)、无机氮(H)含量的相对变化(平均值+标准误差)。温带、亚热带、热带分别缩写为WD、YRD、RD; 固氮、非固氮分别缩写为F、NF; 一年生草本、多年生草本、常绿灌木、落叶灌木、常绿乔木、落叶乔木、多年生草质藤本、落叶木质藤本、常绿木质藤本分别缩写为AH、PH、ES、DS、ET、DT、PV、DV、EV。N.A.表示没有数据; 图E-H中不同小写字母表示差异显著性(p < 0.05); *表示入侵区域相对于无入侵区域土壤氮含量变化显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Soil total N (A) , NH4+-N (B) , NO3--N (C) , inorganic N (D) contents in invaded and uninvaded areas and relative variation (RV) values of soil total N (E) , NH4+-N (F) , NO3--N (G), inorganic N (H) contents in invaded areas compared to uninvaded areas among different climate zones, invasive plants with different N2-fixing functions and life forms (mean + SE). WD, YRD, and RD represent temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones, respectively; F and NF represent invasive plants with N2-fixing and non-N2-fixing functions, respectively; and AH, PH, ES, DS, ET, DT, PV, DV, and EV represent annual herb, perennial herb, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, evergreen tree, deciduous tree, perennial vine, deciduous vine, and evergreen vine, respectively. N.A. denotes data not available, and different letters in panels E-H indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) while * indicates significant variation of soil N contents in invaded areas compared to uninvaded areas (p < 0.05).

图4 不同生活型植物入侵区域相对于无入侵区域土壤铵态氮含量的相对变化与固氮入侵植物占比之间的关系(A)和土壤硝态氮含量的相对变化分别与铵态氮含量(空心符号)的相对变化、固氮入侵植物占比(实心符号)之间的关系(B)。一年生草本、多年生草本、常绿灌木、落叶灌木、常绿乔木、落叶乔木分别缩写为AH、PH、ES、DS、ET、DT。

Fig. 4 Relationship between relative variation (RV) values of soil NH4+-N contents and percentage of N2-fixing invasive plants (A) and relationships between relative variation (RV) values of soil NO3--N contents and those of soil NH4+-N contents (hollow symbol), and percentage of N2-fixing invasive plants (solid symbol) (B) among different groups of invasive plants. AH, PH, ES, DS, ET, and DT represent annual herb, perennial herb, evergreen shrub, deciduous shrub, evergreen tree, and deciduous tree, respectively.

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