中国寒温带不同林龄白桦林碳储量及分配特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0127

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解中国寒温带地区不同林龄白桦林生态系统碳储量及固碳能力, 在样地调查基础上, 以大兴安岭地区25、40与61年白桦(Betula platyphylla)林生态系统为研究对象, 对其乔木层、林下地被物层(灌木层、草本层、凋落物层)、土壤层(0-100 cm)碳储量与分配特征进行调查研究。结果表明白桦林乔木层各器官碳含量在440.7-506.7 g·kg ^-1之间, 各器官碳含量随着林龄的增长而降低; 灌木层、草本层碳含量随林龄的增加呈先降后升的变化趋势; 凋落物层碳含量随林龄增加而降低; 土壤层(0-100 cm)碳含量随林龄增加而显著升高, 随着土层深度的增加而降低。白桦林生态系统各层次碳储量均随林龄的增加而明显升高。25、40与61年白桦林乔木层碳储量分别为11.9、19.1和34.2 t·hm ^-2, 各器官碳储量大小顺序表现为树干>树根>树枝>树叶, 树干碳储量分配比例随林龄增加而升高。25、40与61年白桦林生态系统碳储量分别为77.4、180.9和271.4 t·hm ^-2, 其中土壤层占生态系统总碳储量的81.6%、87.7%和85.9%, 是白桦林生态系统的主要碳库。随林龄增加, 白桦林年净生产力(2.0-4.4 t·hm ^-2·a ^-1)、年净固碳量(1.0-2.1 t·hm ^-2·a ^-1)均出现增长, 老龄白桦林仍具有较强的碳汇作用。

关键词: 白桦林, 碳储量, 固碳能力, 碳含量, 林龄

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study was to estimate the carbon storage and its allocation in the Betula platyphylla forests of three different ages (25, 40, 61-year-old) in the cold temperate zone, NE China. Methods Through analyzing the field data, we estimated the carbon storage and sequestration rates of tree, understory layer (shrub layer, herb layer, litter layer) and soil layer (0-100 cm) of the 25, 40 and 61-year-old Betula platyphylla ecosystems in the north section of the Da Hinggan Ling Mountains. Important findings The results showed that the carbon content of each organ in the tree layer of the forests ranged from 440.7 to 506.7 g·kg^-1, that decreased as the forest age increases. Carbon content in the shrub and herb layers decreased first and then increased as the forest aged, while that in the litter layer decreased with the increase of forest age. The carbon content in soil layer (0-100 cm) increased significantly with the forest age (p < 0.05), and decreased as soil drought intensified. The carbon storage of B. platyphylla ecosystem at all levels increased significantly with the increase of forest age. The carbon storage of tree layer in the forests of 25, 40 and 61-year-old were 11.9, 19.1 and 34.2 t·hm^-2, respectively. The carbon storage of the organs follow the order of: trunk > root > branch > leaf, and the allocation ratio of trunk carbon increased as the forest aged. The carbon storage in the Betula platyphylla forest ecosystems of 25, 40 and 61-year-old were 77.4, 180.9 and 271.4 t·hm ^-2, respectively. Soil layer, the main carbon pool of the ecosystems, accounted for 81.6%, 87.7% and 85.9% of the total carbon storage. The annual net productivity (2.0-4.4 t·hm ^-2·a ^-1) and annual net carbon sequestration (1.0-2.1 t·hm ^-2·a ^-1) of the forests increased with the age increase of the forest, and the old-growth B. platyphylla forests hold a strong carbon sequestration capacity.

Key words: Betula platyphylla forests, carbon storage, carbon sequestration, carbon content, forest age

魏红, 满秀玲. 中国寒温带不同林龄白桦林碳储量及分配特征. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(10): 843-852. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0127

WEI Hong, MAN Xiu-Ling. Carbon storage and its allocation in Betula platyphylla forests of different ages in cold temperate zone of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(10): 843-852. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0127

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I10/843

图/表 7

参考文献 41

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林龄 Stand age (a)	坡度 Slope (°)	密度 Stand density (No.·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	林下主要植物 Main understory plants
25 ± 6	3 ± 1	1 825 ± 225	0.7 ± 0.1	8.6 ± 1.6	7.1 ± 1.8	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
40 ± 4	2 ± 1	2 075 ± 300	0.9 ± 0.1	11.1 ± 3.0	9.5 ± 1.8	1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9
61 ± 7	6 ± 2	1 820 ± 250	0.8 ± 0.1	15.2 ± 3.5	12.4 ± 2.2	1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

林龄 Stand age (a)	坡度 Slope (°)	密度 Stand density (No.·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density	平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	林下主要植物 Main understory plants
25 ± 6	3 ± 1	1 825 ± 225	0.7 ± 0.1	8.6 ± 1.6	7.1 ± 1.8	1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8
40 ± 4	2 ± 1	2 075 ± 300	0.9 ± 0.1	11.1 ± 3.0	9.5 ± 1.8	1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9
61 ± 7	6 ± 2	1 820 ± 250	0.8 ± 0.1	15.2 ± 3.5	12.4 ± 2.2	1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8

器官 Organ	回归方程 Regression equation	R²
树干 Stem	W = 0.046D^1.55H^1.163	0.969
树枝 Branch	W = 5.921D^1.925H^-1.54	0.793
树叶 Leaf	W = 0.012D^1.662H^0.49	0.711
树根 Root	W = 0.016D^2.171H^0.281	0.933

器官 Organ	回归方程 Regression equation	R²
树干 Stem	W = 0.046D^1.55H^1.163	0.969
树枝 Branch	W = 5.921D^1.925H^-1.54	0.793
树叶 Leaf	W = 0.012D^1.662H^0.49	0.711
树根 Root	W = 0.016D^2.171H^0.281	0.933

组分 Component		25 a			40 a			61 a
组分 Component		生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	碳含量 Carbon Content (g·kg^-1)	碳储量 Carbon Storage (t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	碳含量 Carbon content (g·kg^-1)	碳储量 Carbon storage (t·hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (t·hm^-2)	碳含量 Carbon content (g·kg^-1)	碳储量 Carbon storage (t·hm^-2)
乔木层 Arbor layer	树干 Stem	11.7 ± 0.6^Ac	490.3 ± 8.8 ^Ba	5.8 ± 0.5^Ac	24.8 ± 1.2^Ab	453.3 ± 8.7^Bb	11.2 ± 0.6^Ab	54.0 ± 2.7^Aa	440.7 ± 4.7^Db	23.8 ± 0.7^Aa
	树枝 Branch	9.4 ± 0.5^Bb	485.9 ± 8.4^Ca	4.6 ± 0.4^Bb	11.1 ± 0.5^Ba	473.7 ± 3.6^Aa	5.3 ± 0.3^Ba	11.4 ± 0.1^Ba	453.6 ± 6.8^Cb	5.2 ± 0.2^Ba
	树叶 Leaf	0.9 ± 0.1^Fc	506.7 ± 7.3^Ba	0.5 ± 0.0^Gc	1.7 ± 0.1^Db	484.2 ± 16.0^Ab	0.8 ± 0.0^Eb	3.0 ± 0.2^Da	467.9 ± 9.7^Cb	1.4 ± 0.0^Ea
	树根 Root	2.1 ± 0.1^Cc	505.9 ± 11.0^Ba	1.0 ± 0.1^Cc	3.9 ± 0.2^Cb	471.6 ± 12.5^Ab	1.8 ± 0.1^Cb	8.1 ± 0.5^Ca	465.6 ± 12.6^Cb	3.8 ± 0.1^Ca
	总计 Sum	24.1 ± 1.1^c		11.9 ± 1.0^c	41.5 ± 2.0^b		19.1 ± 1.0^b	76.5 ± 3.5^a		34.2 ± 1.0^a
灌木层 Shrub layer	地上部分 Aboveground	1.5 ± 0.1^Da	505.3 ± 1.7^Bb	0.8 ± 0.1^Db	1.0 ± 0.1^Eb	494.3 ± 14.9^Ab	0.5 ± 0.1^Fc	1.5 ± 0.1^Ea	575.3 ± 26.6^Aa	0.9 ± 0.2^Fa
	地下部分 Underground	1.2 ± 0.1^Ea	483.7 ± 1.9^Cb	0.6 ± 0.1^Fb	0.9 ± 0.0^Fb	465.7 ± 1.3^Bc	0.4 ± 0.1^Gc	1.3 ± 0.1^Fa	551.7 ± 7.5^Aa	0.7 ± 0.1^Ga
	总计 Sum	2.8 ± 0.2^a		1.4 ± 0.2^b	1.8 ± 0.1^b		0.9 ± 0.2^c	2.8 ± 0.2^a		1.6 ± 0.3^a
草本层 Herb layer	地上部分 Aboveground	0.2 ± 0.0^Gb	426.1 ± 2.9^Db	0.1 ± 0.0^Ib	0.7 ± 0.1^Ga	412.8 ± 2.7^Cc	0.3 ± 0.1^Ja	0.7 ± 0.0^Ga	462.4 ± 7.1^ABc	0.1 ± 0.0^Ib
	地下部分 Underground	0.1 ± 0.0^Hb	424.8 ± 1.5^Db	0.0 ± 0.0^Jc	0.5 ± 0.0^Ha	399.8 ± 9.1^Cc	0.2 ± 0.0^Ja	0.5 ± 0.0^Ha	471.5 ± 8.3^Ba	0.0 ± 0.0^Jb
	总计 Sum	0.2 ± 0.0^b		0.1 ± 0.0^b	1.1 ± 0.1^a		0.5 ± 0.1^a	0.2 ± 0.0^b		0.1 ± 0.0^b
凋落物层 Litter layer	未分解层 Undecomposed layer		544.0 ± 63.0^Aa	0.1 ± 0.0^Hc		478.1 ± 21.8^Ab	0.3 ± 0.1^Hb		433.0 ± 17.8^Dc	0.6 ± 0.1^Ha
	半分解层 partially- decomposed layer		486.3 ± 11.7^Ca	0.7 ± 0.1^Eb		488.1 ± 13.3^Aa	1.5 ± 0.2^Da		419.9 ± 2.4^Eb	1.8 ± 0.2^Da
	总计 Sum		515.2	0.8 ± 0.1^c		483.1	1.8 ± 0.3^b		426.4	2.3 ± 0.3^a