中国东部亚热带森林土壤呼吸的时空格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00731

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤呼吸是陆地碳循环中仅次于全球总初级生产力的第二大碳通量途径, 揭示土壤呼吸的时空格局对整个陆地碳循环具有重要意义。该文在中国东部亚热带季风气候区, 按纬度梯度由南向北选取深圳梧桐山、杨东山十二度水保护区、宁波天童山3个区域作为研究对象, 于2009年8月至2010年10月测定了不同季节各个区域内代表性植被类型的土壤呼吸速率及地下5 cm处土壤温度, 旨在初步了解中国东部亚热带森林地区土壤呼吸的时空格局及其影响因素。结果显示: 3个区域的土壤呼吸速率均存在显著的季节变化, 其变幅为2.64-6.24 μmol CO₂·m ^-2·s^-1, 总体趋势和地下5 cm处土壤温度的季节变化一致, 均为夏季最高冬季最低; 土壤温度的变化可以解释不同样地土壤呼吸季节变化的58.3%-90.2%; 各样地全年的Q₁₀值从1.56到3.27; 通过离样地最近的气象站点的日平均气温与试验样地地下5 cm处土壤温度之间的线性正相关关系推算出日土壤温度的变化, 利用土壤呼吸速率和地下5 cm处土壤温度之间的指数关系, 估算出各样地全年的土壤CO₂通量为1 077-2 058 g C·m^-2·a^-1, 在全球所有生态系统类型中处于较高水平。

关键词: 土壤年CO₂排放量, Q₁₀, 土壤呼吸, 土壤温度, 亚热带森林

Abstract:

Aims Soil respiration shows spatio-temporal differences at all scales because it is affected by diverse abiotic and biotic factors. Our objectives were to understand the seasonal dynamics and regional patterns of soil respiration in subtropical forests of eastern China and explore the possible underlying reasons.
Methods We examined seasonal variations of soil respiration using a LI-8100 Soil Respiration System in 8 subtropical forests, belonging to three regions of eastern China, from August 2009 to October 2010. Soil temperatures at 5 cm depth were measured at the same time. We evaluated apparent Q₁₀ values and annual CO₂ efflux from soil to atmosphere at each site using the exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature.
Important findings Seasonal differences in soil respiration appeared at all sites, ranging from 2.64 to 6.24 μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1. Soil respiration was higher in summer and lower in winter, following the seasonal dynamic of soil temperature. Soil temperature can explain 58.3%-90.2% of the variance of soil respiration for the year. Annual Q₁₀ values from different sites ranged from 1.56 to 3.27. Annual soil CO₂ efflux ranged from 1 077 to 2 058 g C·m ^-2·a^-1 among all research sites in 2010, a high level of ecosystem CO₂ efflux at the global scale.

Key words: annual soil CO₂ efflux, Q₁₀, soil respiration, soil temperature, subtropical forest

周文嘉, 石兆勇, 王娓. 中国东部亚热带森林土壤呼吸的时空格局. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(7): 731-740. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00731

ZHOU Wen-Jia, SHI Zhao-Yong, WANG Wei. Temporal and spatial patterns of soil respiration in subtropical forests of eastern China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(7): 731-740. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00731

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00731

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I7/731

图/表 5

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研究区Research region	编号Code	森林类型 Forest type	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度Gradient	主要优势树种 Dominant species
梧桐山Wutongshan	WT-A	南亚热带常绿阔叶林 South subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	22°34′58′′ N 114°10′51′′ E	175-184	15°-20°	鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla 黄牛木 Cratoxylum cochinchinense 土沉香 Aquilaria sinensis
	WT-B	南亚热带常绿阔叶林 South subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	22°34′58′′ N 114°10′53′′ E	194-198	<10°	鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla 马尾松 Pinus massoniana 土沉香 Aquilaria sinensis
	WT-C	南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林South subtropical montanic evergreen broad-leaved forest	22°34′31′′ N 114°10′48′′ E	400-420	>20°	黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa 白背算盘子 Glochidion wrightii
杨东山十二度水 Yangdongshan Shierdushui	YDS-A	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	25°13′40′′ N 113°26′27′′ E	461-469	10°-15°	烟斗柯 Lithocarpus corneus 红锥 Castanopsis hystrix 广东润楠 Machilus kwangtungensis
杨东山十二度水 Yangdongshan Shierdushui	YDS-B	亚热带常绿针阔混交林Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest	25°13′17′′ N 113°27′23′′ E	461-470	10°-15°	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 红椎 Castanopsis hystrix 芳樟 Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera
天童山 Tiantongshan	TT-A	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	29°48′08′′ N 121°47′17′′ E	152-155	<10°	木荷 Schima superba
	TT-B	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	29°48′26′′ N 121°47′56′′ E	209-219	10°-15°	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii 木荷 Schima superba
	TT-C	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest	29°48′14′′ N 121°47′13′′ E	207-223	15°-20°	栲 Castanopsis fargesii

研究区Research region	编号Code	森林类型 Forest type	经纬度 Longitude and latitude	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度Gradient	主要优势树种 Dominant species
梧桐山Wutongshan	WT-A	南亚热带常绿阔叶林 South subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	22°34′58′′ N 114°10′51′′ E	175-184	15°-20°	鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla 黄牛木 Cratoxylum cochinchinense 土沉香 Aquilaria sinensis
	WT-B	南亚热带常绿阔叶林 South subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	22°34′58′′ N 114°10′53′′ E	194-198	<10°	鹅掌柴 Schefflera octophylla 马尾松 Pinus massoniana 土沉香 Aquilaria sinensis
	WT-C	南亚热带山地常绿阔叶林South subtropical montanic evergreen broad-leaved forest	22°34′31′′ N 114°10′48′′ E	400-420	>20°	黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa 白背算盘子 Glochidion wrightii
杨东山十二度水 Yangdongshan Shierdushui	YDS-A	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	25°13′40′′ N 113°26′27′′ E	461-469	10°-15°	烟斗柯 Lithocarpus corneus 红锥 Castanopsis hystrix 广东润楠 Machilus kwangtungensis
杨东山十二度水 Yangdongshan Shierdushui	YDS-B	亚热带常绿针阔混交林Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forest	25°13′17′′ N 113°27′23′′ E	461-470	10°-15°	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 红椎 Castanopsis hystrix 芳樟 Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera
天童山 Tiantongshan	TT-A	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	29°48′08′′ N 121°47′17′′ E	152-155	<10°	木荷 Schima superba
	TT-B	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest	29°48′26′′ N 121°47′56′′ E	209-219	10°-15°	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii 木荷 Schima superba
	TT-C	亚热带常绿阔叶林 Subtropical broad-leaved evergreen forest	29°48′14′′ N 121°47′13′′ E	207-223	15°-20°	栲 Castanopsis fargesii

样地 Site	n	方程 Formula	R²	p
WT-A	8	T_s = 0.7536T₀ + 3.9730	R² = 0.983 0	<0.001
WT-B	11	T_s = 0.7461T₀ + 4.5447	R² = 0.910 8	<0.001
WT-C	9	T_s = 0.6185T₀ + 7.0324	R² = 0.830 9	0.001
YDS-A	8	T_s = 0.6484T₀ + 5.5002	R² = 0.911 8	<0.001
YDS-B	7	T_s = 0.6949T₀ + 3.9978	R² = 0.855 9	0.003
TT-A	9	T_s = 0.7487T₀ + 3.4752	R² = 0.906 0	<0.001
TT-B	11	T_s = 0.7503T₀ + 3.1306	R² = 0.882 4	<0.001
TT-C	11	T_s = 0.7259T₀ + 3.4620	R² = 0.971 9	<0.001

样地 Site	n	方程 Formula	R²	p
WT-A	8	T_s = 0.7536T₀ + 3.9730	R² = 0.983 0	<0.001
WT-B	11	T_s = 0.7461T₀ + 4.5447	R² = 0.910 8	<0.001
WT-C	9	T_s = 0.6185T₀ + 7.0324	R² = 0.830 9	0.001
YDS-A	8	T_s = 0.6484T₀ + 5.5002	R² = 0.911 8	<0.001
YDS-B	7	T_s = 0.6949T₀ + 3.9978	R² = 0.855 9	0.003
TT-A	9	T_s = 0.7487T₀ + 3.4752	R² = 0.906 0	<0.001
TT-B	11	T_s = 0.7503T₀ + 3.1306	R² = 0.882 4	<0.001
TT-C	11	T_s = 0.7259T₀ + 3.4620	R² = 0.971 9	<0.001