对中国植被分类系统的认知和建议

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00882

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

《中国植被志》的编写工作已经启动, 藉此征求修订《中国植被分类系统》意见之际, 提出几点看法与建议: 1)贯彻原先制定的中国植被“高级分类单位偏重于生态外貌, 而中、低级分类单位则着重种类组成和群落结构”的分类原则。这一思想与当前国际上植被分类的发展是一致的。2)中国植被分类既要符合中国植被的特点, 又要适应全球植被分类的发展, 名词概念应尽量与国际上的广泛理解相一致。3) “群丛”是《中国植被志》描述的基本对象, 其概念需要统一, 以避免歧义和可能导致的南北“群丛”的不等质。资料不足的类型应组织野外补点调查。4)植被分类等级系统是严格的, 但各等级又是开放的, 可适当地增设高级分类单位, 以适应类型扩展之需要。该文附有从植被型纲到植被型的建议草案。

关键词: 中国, 分类, 植被

Abstract:

An encyclopedia of Chinese vegetation is going to be compiled as a series of books, and comments are sought to revise the “Vegetation Classification System of China” (VCSC). These require several key decisions. First, the principle of VCSC proposed by Vegetation of China (1980) that “the higher rank of classification unit would be based on the physiognomy of vegetation, while the middle and lower rank emphasized on species composition and community structure” should be maintained because it is corresponding with the current trends of international vegetation classifications. Second, VCSC should classify Chinese vegetation to be compatible with global vegetation classification, so that the terms and concepts will be widely accepted internationally. Third, “Association”, a fundamental classification unit described by the series of books of Chinese vegetation, should be defined and used consistently, so that misunderstandings between northern and southern associations can be avoided. Fourth, the hierarchy in the classification of vegetation generally should be rigid, but different ranks remain open and flexible, i.e., upper-level units can be supplemented to meet future needs. A draft of the VCSC (from class to vegetation type) is proposed in this paper.

Key words: Key words China, classification, vegetation

宋永昌. 对中国植被分类系统的认知和建议. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(8): 882-892. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00882

SONG Yong-Chang. Recognition and proposal on the vegetation classification system of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(8): 882-892. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00882

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I8/882

图/表 2

参考文献 26

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等级 Level	划分依据 Primary basis for classification
高级单位(生态外貌) Upper level (Eco-physiognomic level)
1) 植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	一级生长型和极端生境形成的外貌 Physiognomy caused by 1st grade of growth form and extreme habitat
2) 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	由下一级生长型所确定, 与大气候相联系 Determined by next grade of growth form, coincided with macroclimate
3) 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	与生态气候带有联系的生态外貌 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate zone
4) 植被型 Vegetation-type	与气候亚带或中等地貌类型相关, 或与特殊生境有联系的外貌类型 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate sub-zone, mediate topography, or specific habitat
中级单位(区系特征, 着重优势种组成) Middle level (floristic level, emphasis on dominant species)
5) 集群 Collective-type	生态习性相似的优势度型的集合 Collection of dominant types with a similar ecological behavior
6) 优势度型 Dominant-type	优势层片的优势种相同, 或生态习性一致, 并具有相同标志种的群丛的联合 Collection of associations sharing dominant species or species with the same ecological behavior, as well as the same indicative species in dominant synusia
低级单位(区系特征, 着重标志种组) Lower level (floristic level, emphasis on indicative species)
7) 群丛 Association	层片结构相同, 优势层片优势种相同, 种类组成大体一致, 并具有相同标志种组的群落联合 Collection of communities with the same synusia structure and dominant species in dominant synusia, a similar species composition, as well as the indentical indicative species group

等级 Level	划分依据 Primary basis for classification
高级单位(生态外貌) Upper level (Eco-physiognomic level)
1) 植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	一级生长型和极端生境形成的外貌 Physiognomy caused by 1st grade of growth form and extreme habitat
2) 植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	由下一级生长型所确定, 与大气候相联系 Determined by next grade of growth form, coincided with macroclimate
3) 植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	与生态气候带有联系的生态外貌 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate zone
4) 植被型 Vegetation-type	与气候亚带或中等地貌类型相关, 或与特殊生境有联系的外貌类型 Eco-physiognomy type related with climate sub-zone, mediate topography, or specific habitat
中级单位(区系特征, 着重优势种组成) Middle level (floristic level, emphasis on dominant species)
5) 集群 Collective-type	生态习性相似的优势度型的集合 Collection of dominant types with a similar ecological behavior
6) 优势度型 Dominant-type	优势层片的优势种相同, 或生态习性一致, 并具有相同标志种的群丛的联合 Collection of associations sharing dominant species or species with the same ecological behavior, as well as the same indicative species in dominant synusia
低级单位(区系特征, 着重标志种组) Lower level (floristic level, emphasis on indicative species)
7) 群丛 Association	层片结构相同, 优势层片优势种相同, 种类组成大体一致, 并具有相同标志种组的群落联合 Collection of communities with the same synusia structure and dominant species in dominant synusia, a similar species composition, as well as the indentical indicative species group

植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
一、森林 Forest	I. 针叶林 Needle-leaved forest	1. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous needle-leaved forest	1)寒温性落叶针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			2)山地寒温性落叶针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone)
			3)暖性落叶针叶林(地带性) Warm deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality)
		2. 常绿针叶林 Evergreen needle-leaved forest	4)寒温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			5)山地寒温性常绿针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone)
			6)温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			7)暖性常绿针叶林(地带性) Warm evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			8)热性常绿针叶林(地带性) Torrid evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
		3. 针阔叶混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	9)凉温性针阔叶混交林(地带性) Cool-temperate needle broad-leaved mixed forest (zonality)
		3. 针阔叶混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	10)山地针阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane needle broad-leaved mixed forest (vertical zone)
	II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	4. 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad- leaved forest	11)典型落叶阔叶林(地带性) Typical deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality)
			12)山地落叶阔叶林(垂直带) Montane deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone)
			13)河岸落叶阔叶林(地形顶极) Riverside deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax)
			14)次生落叶阔叶林(偏途顶极) Secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax)
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
	II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	5. 常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest	15)暖温性常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地带性) Warm-temperate mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality)
			16)山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone)
			17)石灰岩常绿落叶阔叶混交林(土壤顶极) Limestone mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (edaphic climax)
			18)河谷常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地形顶极) Ravine mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax)
			19)次生常绿落叶阔叶混交林(偏途顶极) Secondary mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax)
		6. 常绿苔藓林 Evergreen mossy forest	20)山地常绿苔藓林 Montane evergreen mossy forest
		7. 常绿硬叶林 Evergreen sclerophyllous forest	21)山地硬叶常绿林 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous forest
		8. 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	22)典型常绿阔叶林 Typical evergreen broad-leaved forest
			23)季节(季风)常绿阔叶林 Seasonal (monsoon) evergreen broad-leaved forest
			24)适雨常绿阔叶林(亚热带雨林) Ombrophilous evergreen broad-leaved forest (subtropical rain forest)
		9. 热带雨林 Tropical rain forest	25)热带(典型)雨林 Tropical (typical) rain forest
		9. 热带雨林 Tropical rain forest	26)热带季节性雨林 Tropical seasonal rain forest
		10. 热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon forest	27)热带落叶季雨林 Tropical deciduous monsoon forest
		10. 热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon forest	28)热带半落叶季雨林(包括石灰岩季雨林) Tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest (including limestone monsoon forest)
		11. 海岸林 Coastal forest	29)红树林 Mangrove
			30)亚热带沙砾质海岸林 Subtropical rock-sandy coastal forest
			31)热带珊瑚礁海岸林 Tropical coral reef coastal forest
	III. 竹林与竹丛 Bamboo forest & bamboo thicket	12. 竹林 Bamboo forest	32)散生竹林 Scatter bamboo forest
			33)丛生竹林 Cluster bamboo forest
			34)混生竹林 Mixture bamboo forest
		13. 竹丛 Bamboo thicket	35)温性竹丛 Temperate bamboo thicket
		13. 竹丛 Bamboo thicket	36)暖性竹丛 Warm bamboo thicket
二、灌丛 Thicket	IV. 针叶灌丛 Needle-leaved thicket	14. 常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen needle- leaved thicket	37)高山亚高山常绿针叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen needle-leaved thicket
			38)山地常绿针叶灌丛 Montane evergreen needle-leaved thicket
			39)沙地常绿针叶灌丛 Sandy evergreen needle-leaved thicket
	V. 阔叶灌丛 Broad-leaved thicket	15. 常绿革叶灌丛 Evergreen sclerophyllous thicket	40)高山亚高山常绿革叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen sclerophyllous thicket
		15. 常绿革叶灌丛 Evergreen sclerophyllous thicket	41)山地常绿革叶灌丛 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous thicket
		16. 落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous broad- leaved thicket	42)山地(次生)落叶阔叶灌丛 Montane (secondary) deciduous broad-leaved thicket
			43)河滩落叶阔叶灌丛 River flat deciduous broad-leaved thicket
			44)旱地落叶阔叶灌丛 Dry land deciduous broad-leaved thicket
		17. 常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen broad-leaved thicket	45)丘陵山地常绿阔叶灌丛(次生) Hill and low montane evergreen broad-leaved thicket (secondary)
			46)旱地常绿阔叶灌丛 Dry land evergreen broad-leaved thicket
			47)沙地常绿阔叶灌丛 Sandy flat evergreen broad-leaved thicket
			48)珊瑚礁常绿阔叶灌丛 Coral reef evergreen broad-leaved thicket
	VI. 肉质多刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	18. 肉刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	49)热带滨海(沙滩)刺灌丛 Tropical coastal or sandy thorn-succulent thicket
	VI. 肉质多刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	18. 肉刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	50)干热(河谷)肉刺灌丛 Xerothermic (valley) thorn-succulent thicket
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
三、草本植被 (草地) Herbaceous vegetation (grassland)	VII. 中生草本植被 Pratoherbosa vegetation	19. 丛生禾草草甸 Caespitose graminoid meadow	51)丛生禾草(大陆)典型草甸 Caespitose graminoid typical meadow (continent)
			52)丛生禾草沼泽草甸 Caespitose graminoid swamp meadow
			53)丛生禾草高寒草甸 Caespitose graminoid high-cold meadow
			54)丛生禾草盐生草甸 Caespitose graminoid salt meadow
		20. 根茎禾草草甸 Rhizome graminoid meadow	55)根茎禾草典型草甸 Rhizome graminoid typical meadow
			56)根茎禾草沼泽草甸 Rhizome graminoid swamp meadow
			57)根茎禾草高寒草甸 Rhizome graminoid high-cold meadow
			58)根茎禾草盐生草甸 Rhizome graminoid salt meadow
		21. 杂类草草甸 Forb meadow	59)杂类草典型草甸 Forb typical meadow
			60)杂类草沼泽草甸 Forb swamp meadow
			61)杂类草高寒草甸 Forb high-cold meadow
			62)杂类草盐生草甸 Forb salt meadow
		22. 疏灌草坡 Sparse shrub grass- slopeland	63)暖性次生疏灌草坡 Warm secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland
		22. 疏灌草坡 Sparse shrub grass- slopeland	64)热性次生疏灌草坡 Torrid secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland
	VIII. 旱生草本植被 Xeropoium vegetation	23. 丛生禾草草原 Caespitose graminoid steppe	65)丛生禾草典型草原 Caespitose graminoid typical steppe
			66)丛生禾草草甸草原 Caespitose graminoid meadow steppe
			67)丛生禾草荒漠草原 Caespitose graminoid desert steppe
			68)丛生禾草高寒草原 Caespitose graminoid high-cold steppe
		24. 根茎禾草草原 Rhizome graminoid steppe	69)根茎禾草典型草原 Rhizome graminoid typical steppe
			70)根茎禾草草甸草原 Rhizome graminoid meadow steppe
			71)根茎禾草高寒草原 Rhizome graminoid high-cold steppe
		25. 杂类草草原 Forb steppe	72)杂类草典型草原 Forb typical steppe
			73)杂类草草甸草原 Forb meadow steppe
			74)杂类草荒漠草原 Forb desert steppe
		26. 半灌木-小灌木草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous steppe	75)半灌木-小灌木典型草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous typical steppe
			76)半灌木-小灌木草甸草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous meadow steppe
			77)小半灌木荒漠草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous desert steppe
			78)小半灌木高寒草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous high-cold steppe
		27. 稀树草原 Savannahic grassland	79)热带稀树草原 Tropical savannahic grassland
		27. 稀树草原 Savannahic grassland	80)干热(河谷)稀树草原 Xerothermic (valley) savannahic grassland
四、极端干旱植被 Extreme xeromorphic vegetation	IX. 小乔木荒漠 Semi-arborous desert	28. 温性小乔木荒漠 Temperate semi-arborous desert	81)退化叶小乔木荒漠 Degenerative leaved semi-arborous desert
	X. 灌木-半灌木荒漠 Fruticous and semi-fruticous desert	29. 常绿灌木半灌木荒漠 Evergreen fruticous and semi-fruticous desert	82)常绿革叶灌木荒漠 Evergreen sclerophyllous fruticous desert
			83)常绿肉质灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent fruticous desert
			84)常绿肉质半灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent semi-fruticous desert
		30. 落叶灌木-半灌木荒漠 Deciduous fruticous and semi-fruticous desert	85)旱生叶灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved fruticous desert
			86)旱生叶半灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved semi-fruticous desert
			87)退化叶灌木荒漠 Degenerative leaved fruticous desert
		31. 垫状灌木荒漠 Cushion fruticous desert	88)矮半灌木荒漠 Dwarf-semi-fruticous desert
		31. 垫状灌木荒漠 Cushion fruticous desert	89)垫状小半灌木(高寒)荒漠 Cushion semi-fruticous (high-cold) desert
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
五、极端寒冷植被 Extreme frigid vegetation	XI. 高山稀疏植被 Alpine sparse vegetation	33. 高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation	90)高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation
	XII. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation	34. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation	91)小灌木-藓类高山冻原 Dwarf-shrub and moss alpine tundra
			92)草类-藓类高山冻原 Herb and moss alpine tundra
			93)地衣-藓类高山冻原 Lichen and moss alpine tundra
	XIII. 高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation	35. 高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation	94)高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation
六、湿地植被 Wetland vegetation	XIV. 沼泽 Swamp	36. 沼泽 Swamp	95)木本沼泽 Woody swamp
			96)草本沼泽 Herbaceous swamp
			97)藓类沼泽 Moss bog
	XV. 水生植被 Aquatic vegetation	37. 淡水水生植被 Aquatic vegetation	98)沉水植物群落 Submerged plant community
			99)漂浮植物群落 Free floating plant community
			100)固着浮叶植物群落 Rooted floating-leaved plant community
			101)挺水植物群落 Emergent plant community

植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
一、森林 Forest	I. 针叶林 Needle-leaved forest	1. 落叶针叶林 Deciduous needle-leaved forest	1)寒温性落叶针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			2)山地寒温性落叶针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate deciduous needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone)
			3)暖性落叶针叶林(地带性) Warm deciduous needle-leaved forest (zonality)
		2. 常绿针叶林 Evergreen needle-leaved forest	4)寒温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			5)山地寒温性常绿针叶林(亚高山带) Montane cold-temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (subalpine zone)
			6)温性常绿针叶林(地带性) Temperate evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			7)暖性常绿针叶林(地带性) Warm evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
			8)热性常绿针叶林(地带性) Torrid evergreen needle-leaved forest (zonality)
		3. 针阔叶混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	9)凉温性针阔叶混交林(地带性) Cool-temperate needle broad-leaved mixed forest (zonality)
		3. 针阔叶混交林 Needle broad-leaved mixed forest	10)山地针阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane needle broad-leaved mixed forest (vertical zone)
	II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	4. 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad- leaved forest	11)典型落叶阔叶林(地带性) Typical deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality)
			12)山地落叶阔叶林(垂直带) Montane deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone)
			13)河岸落叶阔叶林(地形顶极) Riverside deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax)
			14)次生落叶阔叶林(偏途顶极) Secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax)
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
	II. 阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	5. 常绿落叶阔叶混交林 Mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest	15)暖温性常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地带性) Warm-temperate mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (zonality)
			16)山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林(垂直带) Montane mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (vertical zone)
			17)石灰岩常绿落叶阔叶混交林(土壤顶极) Limestone mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (edaphic climax)
			18)河谷常绿落叶阔叶混交林(地形顶极) Ravine mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (topographic climax)
			19)次生常绿落叶阔叶混交林(偏途顶极) Secondary mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (disclimax)
		6. 常绿苔藓林 Evergreen mossy forest	20)山地常绿苔藓林 Montane evergreen mossy forest
		7. 常绿硬叶林 Evergreen sclerophyllous forest	21)山地硬叶常绿林 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous forest
		8. 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest	22)典型常绿阔叶林 Typical evergreen broad-leaved forest
			23)季节(季风)常绿阔叶林 Seasonal (monsoon) evergreen broad-leaved forest
			24)适雨常绿阔叶林(亚热带雨林) Ombrophilous evergreen broad-leaved forest (subtropical rain forest)
		9. 热带雨林 Tropical rain forest	25)热带(典型)雨林 Tropical (typical) rain forest
		9. 热带雨林 Tropical rain forest	26)热带季节性雨林 Tropical seasonal rain forest
		10. 热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon forest	27)热带落叶季雨林 Tropical deciduous monsoon forest
		10. 热带季雨林 Tropical monsoon forest	28)热带半落叶季雨林(包括石灰岩季雨林) Tropical semi-deciduous monsoon forest (including limestone monsoon forest)
		11. 海岸林 Coastal forest	29)红树林 Mangrove
			30)亚热带沙砾质海岸林 Subtropical rock-sandy coastal forest
			31)热带珊瑚礁海岸林 Tropical coral reef coastal forest
	III. 竹林与竹丛 Bamboo forest & bamboo thicket	12. 竹林 Bamboo forest	32)散生竹林 Scatter bamboo forest
			33)丛生竹林 Cluster bamboo forest
			34)混生竹林 Mixture bamboo forest
		13. 竹丛 Bamboo thicket	35)温性竹丛 Temperate bamboo thicket
		13. 竹丛 Bamboo thicket	36)暖性竹丛 Warm bamboo thicket
二、灌丛 Thicket	IV. 针叶灌丛 Needle-leaved thicket	14. 常绿针叶灌丛 Evergreen needle- leaved thicket	37)高山亚高山常绿针叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen needle-leaved thicket
			38)山地常绿针叶灌丛 Montane evergreen needle-leaved thicket
			39)沙地常绿针叶灌丛 Sandy evergreen needle-leaved thicket
	V. 阔叶灌丛 Broad-leaved thicket	15. 常绿革叶灌丛 Evergreen sclerophyllous thicket	40)高山亚高山常绿革叶灌丛 Alpine and subalpine evergreen sclerophyllous thicket
		15. 常绿革叶灌丛 Evergreen sclerophyllous thicket	41)山地常绿革叶灌丛 Montane evergreen sclerophyllous thicket
		16. 落叶阔叶灌丛 Deciduous broad- leaved thicket	42)山地(次生)落叶阔叶灌丛 Montane (secondary) deciduous broad-leaved thicket
			43)河滩落叶阔叶灌丛 River flat deciduous broad-leaved thicket
			44)旱地落叶阔叶灌丛 Dry land deciduous broad-leaved thicket
		17. 常绿阔叶灌丛 Evergreen broad-leaved thicket	45)丘陵山地常绿阔叶灌丛(次生) Hill and low montane evergreen broad-leaved thicket (secondary)
			46)旱地常绿阔叶灌丛 Dry land evergreen broad-leaved thicket
			47)沙地常绿阔叶灌丛 Sandy flat evergreen broad-leaved thicket
			48)珊瑚礁常绿阔叶灌丛 Coral reef evergreen broad-leaved thicket
	VI. 肉质多刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	18. 肉刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	49)热带滨海(沙滩)刺灌丛 Tropical coastal or sandy thorn-succulent thicket
	VI. 肉质多刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	18. 肉刺灌丛 Thorn-succulent thicket	50)干热(河谷)肉刺灌丛 Xerothermic (valley) thorn-succulent thicket
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
三、草本植被 (草地) Herbaceous vegetation (grassland)	VII. 中生草本植被 Pratoherbosa vegetation	19. 丛生禾草草甸 Caespitose graminoid meadow	51)丛生禾草(大陆)典型草甸 Caespitose graminoid typical meadow (continent)
			52)丛生禾草沼泽草甸 Caespitose graminoid swamp meadow
			53)丛生禾草高寒草甸 Caespitose graminoid high-cold meadow
			54)丛生禾草盐生草甸 Caespitose graminoid salt meadow
		20. 根茎禾草草甸 Rhizome graminoid meadow	55)根茎禾草典型草甸 Rhizome graminoid typical meadow
			56)根茎禾草沼泽草甸 Rhizome graminoid swamp meadow
			57)根茎禾草高寒草甸 Rhizome graminoid high-cold meadow
			58)根茎禾草盐生草甸 Rhizome graminoid salt meadow
		21. 杂类草草甸 Forb meadow	59)杂类草典型草甸 Forb typical meadow
			60)杂类草沼泽草甸 Forb swamp meadow
			61)杂类草高寒草甸 Forb high-cold meadow
			62)杂类草盐生草甸 Forb salt meadow
		22. 疏灌草坡 Sparse shrub grass- slopeland	63)暖性次生疏灌草坡 Warm secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland
		22. 疏灌草坡 Sparse shrub grass- slopeland	64)热性次生疏灌草坡 Torrid secondary sparse shrub grass-slopeland
	VIII. 旱生草本植被 Xeropoium vegetation	23. 丛生禾草草原 Caespitose graminoid steppe	65)丛生禾草典型草原 Caespitose graminoid typical steppe
			66)丛生禾草草甸草原 Caespitose graminoid meadow steppe
			67)丛生禾草荒漠草原 Caespitose graminoid desert steppe
			68)丛生禾草高寒草原 Caespitose graminoid high-cold steppe
		24. 根茎禾草草原 Rhizome graminoid steppe	69)根茎禾草典型草原 Rhizome graminoid typical steppe
			70)根茎禾草草甸草原 Rhizome graminoid meadow steppe
			71)根茎禾草高寒草原 Rhizome graminoid high-cold steppe
		25. 杂类草草原 Forb steppe	72)杂类草典型草原 Forb typical steppe
			73)杂类草草甸草原 Forb meadow steppe
			74)杂类草荒漠草原 Forb desert steppe
		26. 半灌木-小灌木草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous steppe	75)半灌木-小灌木典型草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous typical steppe
			76)半灌木-小灌木草甸草原 Semi-fruticous and micro-fruticous meadow steppe
			77)小半灌木荒漠草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous desert steppe
			78)小半灌木高寒草原 Dwarf semi-fruticous high-cold steppe
		27. 稀树草原 Savannahic grassland	79)热带稀树草原 Tropical savannahic grassland
		27. 稀树草原 Savannahic grassland	80)干热(河谷)稀树草原 Xerothermic (valley) savannahic grassland
四、极端干旱植被 Extreme xeromorphic vegetation	IX. 小乔木荒漠 Semi-arborous desert	28. 温性小乔木荒漠 Temperate semi-arborous desert	81)退化叶小乔木荒漠 Degenerative leaved semi-arborous desert
	X. 灌木-半灌木荒漠 Fruticous and semi-fruticous desert	29. 常绿灌木半灌木荒漠 Evergreen fruticous and semi-fruticous desert	82)常绿革叶灌木荒漠 Evergreen sclerophyllous fruticous desert
			83)常绿肉质灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent fruticous desert
			84)常绿肉质半灌木荒漠 Evergreen succulent semi-fruticous desert
		30. 落叶灌木-半灌木荒漠 Deciduous fruticous and semi-fruticous desert	85)旱生叶灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved fruticous desert
			86)旱生叶半灌木荒漠 Xeromorphic leaved semi-fruticous desert
			87)退化叶灌木荒漠 Degenerative leaved fruticous desert
		31. 垫状灌木荒漠 Cushion fruticous desert	88)矮半灌木荒漠 Dwarf-semi-fruticous desert
		31. 垫状灌木荒漠 Cushion fruticous desert	89)垫状小半灌木(高寒)荒漠 Cushion semi-fruticous (high-cold) desert
植被型纲 Class of vegetation-type	植被型亚纲 Subclass of vegetation-type	植被型组 Group of vegetation-type	植被型 Vegetation-type
五、极端寒冷植被 Extreme frigid vegetation	XI. 高山稀疏植被 Alpine sparse vegetation	33. 高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation	90)高山流石堆植被 Alpine scree vegetation
	XII. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation	34. 高山冻原植被 Alpine tundra vegetation	91)小灌木-藓类高山冻原 Dwarf-shrub and moss alpine tundra
			92)草类-藓类高山冻原 Herb and moss alpine tundra
			93)地衣-藓类高山冻原 Lichen and moss alpine tundra
	XIII. 高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation	35. 高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation	94)高山垫状植被 Alpine cushion vegetation
六、湿地植被 Wetland vegetation	XIV. 沼泽 Swamp	36. 沼泽 Swamp	95)木本沼泽 Woody swamp
			96)草本沼泽 Herbaceous swamp
			97)藓类沼泽 Moss bog
	XV. 水生植被 Aquatic vegetation	37. 淡水水生植被 Aquatic vegetation	98)沉水植物群落 Submerged plant community
			99)漂浮植物群落 Free floating plant community
			100)固着浮叶植物群落 Rooted floating-leaved plant community
			101)挺水植物群落 Emergent plant community