鲁西北平原冬小麦田臭氧浓度变化特征及对产量的潜在影响和机理分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00313

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近地层高浓度臭氧(O₃)对农作物生长和产量形成有明显的影响。利用在中国科学院禹城综合试验站(山东省)冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)农田生态系统上观测的O₃浓度及微气象资料, 分析了鲁西北平原冬小麦农田生态系统O₃浓度的日变化和季节变化规律, 在此基础上初步分析了O₃浓度与CO₂通量(F_c)的关系, 并用欧洲和美国科学家在实验室得到的O₃浓度-冬小麦产量关系模型估算了O₃对冬小麦产量的潜在影响。结果表明: O₃浓度存在明显的日变化规律, 日最小值和最大值分别出现在7:00和16:00左右。整个观测期间(2011年3-5月)平均O₃浓度为(30.4 ± 20.1) nL·L ^-1(平均值±标准误差); 30 min平均浓度的最大值为93.1 nL·L ^-1。在冬小麦春季生长季节, O₃浓度日平均值呈现逐步增加的趋势, O₃浓度日均增加约为0.17 nL·L ^-1·d ^-1; 白天7 h和12 h平均浓度(M7和M12)分别为45.7和43.1 nL·L ^-1; O₃浓度超过40 nL·L ^-1的3个月累积值(AOT40)为9.8 μL·L ^-1·h; 超过60 nL·L ^-1的O₃浓度累积值(SUM06)为12.6 μL·L ^-1·h; 经过权重修正的O₃污染指标W126为10.1 μL·L ^-1·h。在高浓度O₃ (>60 nL·L ^-1)情况下, CO₂通量与O₃浓度呈现负相关关系, 鲁西北平原O₃对冬小麦光合作用影响的阈值取60 nL·L ^-1比较合适, 该值高于欧洲国家普遍采用的40 nL·L ^-1。基于以上结果, 初步估算得出: 在目前的O₃浓度水平下, 鲁西北平原近地层O₃可能会使冬小麦产量减少5.2%-8.8%。

关键词: 农田生态系统, 鲁西北平原, 臭氧浓度, 臭氧污染指标, 冬小麦产量

Abstract:

Aims High near-surface ozone (O₃) has adverse effects on crop growth and yield. Our objective was to analyze the potential impact of O₃ concentration on winter wheat yield, the magnitude and change characteristic of O₃ concentration over a winter wheat field and the relationship between CO₂flux and O₃ concentration.
Methods The research site was a winter wheat field at the Yucheng Experimental Station (Shandong Province) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. We observed O₃ concentration with a portable ozone analyzer. We simultaneously measured micrometeorological and radiation factors such as air temperature, humidity, wind speed and global and net radiation. All data were recorded with a high frequency data-logger and averaged every 30 min.
Important findings There was a diurnal change pattern in O₃ concentration, with low and high mean O₃ concentrations at about 7:00 and 16:00, respectively. Mean O₃ concentration was (30.4 ± 20.1) nL·L ^-1(mean ± SE), and the maximum of the 30 min-averaged O₃ concentration was 93.1 nL·L ^-1. During wheat spring growing season (1 March to 31 May, 2011), mean O₃ concentration increased 0.17 nL·L ^-1·d ^-1. Daytime 7-hour and 12-hour mean O₃ concentration (M7 and M12) were 45.7 and 43.1 nL·L ^-1, respectively. Accumulated O₃ concentration above the threshold of 40 nL·L ^-1 (AOT40) was 9.8 μL·L ^-1·h. Accumulated O₃ concentration above 60 nL·L ^-1 (SUM06) was 12.6 μL·L ^-1·h. Weight-corrected O₃ concentration accumulation (W126) was 10.1 μL·L ^-1·h. When O₃concentration is high (i.e., >60 nL·L ^-1), there is an inverse relationship between CO₂ flux and O₃ concentration. It implied that the threshold of O₃ concentration should be about 60 nL·L ^-1, which is higher than the 40 nL·L ^-1threshold widely applied by European scientists. By using yield-response models to O₃ concentration obtained in open-top chambers (OTC) by European and USA scientists, winter wheat yield is potentially decreased about 5.2%-8.8% at the current O₃ level in Northwest-Shandong Plain.

Key words: cropland ecosystem, Northwest-Shandong Plain, ozone concentration, ozone pollution indexes, winter wheat yield

朱治林,孙晓敏,赵风华,温学发,唐新斋,袁国富. 鲁西北平原冬小麦田臭氧浓度变化特征及对产量的潜在影响和机理分析. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(4): 313-323. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00313

ZHU Zhi-Lin,SUN Xiao-Min,ZHAO Feng-Hua,WEN Xue-Fa,TANG Xin-Zhai,YUAN Guo-Fu. Variation of ozone concentration of winter wheat field and mechanistic analysis of its possible effect on wheat yield in Northwest-Shandong Plain of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(4): 313-323. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00313

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00313

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I4/313

图/表 9

图1 冬小麦春季生长期间30 min臭氧浓度的时间序列变化(2011年3月1日-5月31日)。

Fig. 1 Time series change of 30 min-averaged O3 concentration during spring growing season of winter wheat (1 March-31 May, 2011).

图2 平均O3浓度的日变化(2011年3月1日-5月31日) (平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 2 Diurnal course of mean ozone concentration (1 March- 31 May, 2011) (mean ± SE).

图3 白天O3浓度(M12)和日平均O3浓度(M24)的季节变化(2011年3月1日-5月31日)。

Fig. 3 Seasonal changes of daytime- and daily- averaged O3 concentration (M12 and M24) (1 March to 31 May, 2011).

图4 冬小麦生长期间O3浓度超过40 nL·L-1的逐日累积值(AOT40day)和连续累积值(AOT40)的变化。

Fig. 4 Changes of daily and continuously accumulated ozone concentration above 40 nL·L-1 (AOT40day and AOT40) during winter wheat growing season.

图5 臭氧浓度超过60 nL·L-1的日累积(SUM06day)和臭氧浓度超过阈值40 nL·L-1的日累积(AOT40day)之间的关系。

Fig. 5 Relationship between daily accumulated ozone concentration above 60 nL·L-1 (SUM06day) and daily accumulated ozone concentration above the threshold of 40 nL·L-1 (AOT40day).

图6 白天臭氧浓度(30 min平均值)与3 h前太阳总辐射(Q)之间的关系。

Fig. 6 Relationship between 30 min-mean of ozone concentration and 3-hour ahead global radiation (Q) in daytime.

图7 白天O3平均浓度(M12)和白天平均气温的相关关系。

Fig. 7 Relationship between daytime mean O3 concentration (M12) and corresponding mean air temperature.

图8 典型天气条件下太阳总辐射(Q)、CO2通量(Fc)、O3浓度(CO3)和CO2浓度(CCO2)的日变化(2011年4月19日)。

Fig. 8 Diurnal changes of global radiation (Q), CO2 flux (Fc) ,O3 concentration (CO3) and CO2 concentration (CCO2) in a typical weather condition (19 Apr. 2011).

图9 白天O3浓度和CO2通量(Fc)之间的关系。

Fig. 9 Relationship between ozone concentration and CO2 flux (Fc) in daytime.

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