栗与美国板栗化感作用的比较

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以种子发芽率和发芽势为种子萌发参数, 以胚根、胚芽长度和鲜重变化为幼苗生长参数, 研究了栗(Castanea mollissima)叶水提取物对双子叶植物莴苣(Lactuca sativa)、萝卜(Raphanus sativus)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus), 和单子叶植物洋葱(Allium cepa)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)的化感作用; 比较了美国板栗(Castanea dentata)与栗叶水提取物及经X-5大孔树脂分离获得的11个洗脱组分间的化感作用强弱; 利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术结合标准物质的反证实验, 解析了美国板栗与栗化感作用最强分离组分的物质结构。研究结果表明, 栗叶化感效应强于美国板栗; 美国板栗与栗化感作用最强分离组分中(5:5洗脱组分)存在绿原酸、对羟基苯甲酸、原儿茶酸和没食子酸等物质。在利用栗基因恢复美国板栗种群时, 有必要考虑美国板栗与栗植物化学生态特性的差异。

关键词: 化感作用, 栗属, 液相色谱-质谱联用仪, 种子萌发, 实生苗生长

Abstract:

Aims Castanea mollissima and C. dentata are typical chestnut species in Asia and North America, respectively. They play important roles in the ecology and economy in their existing forest ecosystems. Chestnut blight has caused catastrophic losses of C. dentata populations since 1904. It is especially important to understand the differences in chemical ecology characteristics between C. dentata and C. mollissima when scientists try to make use of blight resistance of C. dentata to help the recovery of C. mollissima populations in North America. The objective of this research is to compare the allelopathy effect of C. dentata and C. mollissima by leaf water extract bioassay method.
Methods Using germination rate and vigor as seed germination parameters and radicle, plumule elongation and fresh weight change of seedling as seedling growth parameters, we studied the effect of water extract of C. mollissima leaves on dicotyledons lettuce, radish and cucumber and monocotyledons onion, rice and wheat. We compared the allelopathic intensity of water extract and 11 elution components that were separated by X-5 macroporous resins from water extract of C. dentata and C. mollissima. The strongest allelopathic fraction of C. dentata and C. mollissima was analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique and standard substance counterevidence experiment.
Important findings Evidence of inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of test plants indicated that water extract of C. mollissima leaf has allelopathic properties. Data on inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce indicated that the allelopathy of C. mollissima leaves was stronger than C. dentata leaves. The allelochemicals of C. dentata and C. mollissima extracts are in 7:3, 6:4 and 5:5 elution fractions, as documented by the bioassay data. The strongest allelopathy fraction of C. dentata and C. mollissima extract (5:5 elution fraction) contained chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, etc. Results suggest that the difference of chemical ecology characteristics between C. dentata and C. mollissima should not be ignored by restoration ecologists.

Key words: allelopathy, Castanea, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, seed germination, seedling growth

李晓娟, 王强, 倪穗, 阮晓, 王永红, 张焕, 王高峰. 栗与美国板栗化感作用的比较. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(2): 173-182. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00018

LI Xiao-Juan, WANG Qiang, NI Sui, RUAN Xiao, WANG Yong-Hong, ZHANG Huan, Geoff WANG. Allelopathy comparison between Castanea mollissima and C. dentata. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(2): 173-182. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00018

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I2/173

图/表 6

图1 栗叶水提取物对测试植物种子萌发的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。I, 莴苣。II, 萝卜。III, 黄瓜。IV, 洋葱。V, 水稻。VI, 小麦。按照最小显著差数法多重比较, 标记不同字母的均值间存在显著差异(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effect of water extract of Castanea molissima leaf on germination of test plants (mean ± SD, n = 3). I, Lactuca sativa. II, Raphanus sativus. III, Cucumis sativus. IV, Allium cepa. V, Oryza sativa. VI, Triticum aestivum. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05).

图2 栗叶水提取物对测试植物胚根、胚芽生长的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。I, 莴苣。II, 萝卜。III, 黄瓜。IV, 洋葱。V, 水稻。VI, 小麦。按照最小显著差数法多重比较, 标记不同字母的均值间存在显著差异(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effect of water extract of Castanea molissima leaf on radicle and plumule length of test plants (mean ± SD, n = 3). I, Lactuca sativa. II, Raphanus sativus. III, Cucumis sativus. IV, Allium cepa. V, Oryza sativa. VI, Triticum aestivum. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons ( p = 0.05).

图3 栗叶水提取物对测试植物鲜重的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。A, 莴苣。B, 萝卜。C, 黄瓜。D, 洋葱。E, 水稻。F, 小麦。按照最小显著差数法多重比较, 标记不同字母的均值间存在显著差异(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effect of water extract of Castanea molissima leaf on the fresh weight of test plants (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Lactuca sativa. B, Raphanus sativus. C, Cucumis sativus. D, Allium cepa. E, Oryza sativa. F, Triticum aestivum. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05).

表1 美国板栗与栗分离组分的定量分析(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)

Table 1 Quantitative analysis of isolated components of Castanea dentata and C. molissima (mean ± SD, n = 3)

组分中水:乙醇 Ratio of water to ethanol in component	干重 Dry weight (g)
组分中水:乙醇 Ratio of water to ethanol in component	美国板栗 Castanea dentata	栗 Castanea molissima
10:0	3.355 ± 0.121	3.331 ± 0.152
9:1	1.145 ± 0.056	0.334 ± 0.020
8:2	0.873 ± 0.022	0.780 ± 0.028
7:3	0.813 ± 0.030	0.925 ± 0.030^*
6:4	0.364 ± 0.012	0.422 ± 0.024^*
5:5	0.101 ± 0.005	0.109 ± 0.008
4:6	0.043 ± 0.009	0.090 ± 0.012
3:7	0.056 ± 0.018	0.137 ± 0.040
2:8	0.051 ± 0.012	0.051 ± 0.033
1:9	0.054 ± 0.028	0.060 ± 0.045
0:10	0.043 ± 0.022	0.081 ± 0.055
总重量 Total weight	6.025 ± 0.059^A	6.021 ± 0.034^a
总上样量 Total sample weight	6.089 ± 0.062^A	6.052 ± 0.042^a

图4 美国板栗与栗分离组分对莴苣种子萌发的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。A, 发芽势。B, 发芽率。按照最小显著差数法多重比较, 标记不同字母的均值间存在显著差异(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effect of isolated components of Castanea dentata and C. molissima on seed germination of lettuce (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Germination vigor. B, Germination rate. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05)

图5 美国板栗与栗分离组分对莴苣幼苗生长的影响(平均值±标准偏差, n = 3)。A, 胚根。B, 胚芽。C, 鲜重。按照最小显著差数法多重比较, 标记不同字母的均值间存在显著差异(p = 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effect of isolated components of Castanea dentata and C. molissima on lettuce seedlings (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Radicle. B, Plumule. C, Fresh weight. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05)

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