高寒草地狼毒枝-叶性状的坡度差异性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

枝条与叶片的生长关系是植物形成不同冠层结构充分利用空间资源的一种策略, 有利于植株通过构型调整增强自身的光合效率和竞争力, 以适应不同的生境条件。在石羊河上游高寒退化草地, 利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型(DEM), 并提取样地坡度数据, 采用标准化主轴估计(SMA)方法, 研究了不同坡度狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种群枝与叶的生长。结果表明: 随着坡度增大, 狼毒叶大小、枝长度和分枝数均呈逐渐减小趋势; 狼毒分枝数与枝长度、叶片数与枝长度均呈异速生长关系, 枝长度增加的速度大于叶片数增加的速度, 分枝数增加的速度大于枝长度增加的速度; 不同坡度间的比较显示, 较大坡度上狼毒分枝数与枝长度、叶片数与枝长度的异速斜率均较大, 在枝长度一定的条件下, 较大坡度的狼毒具有更大的叶片数与枝长度的比值和分枝数与枝长度的比值。坡度差异造成环境因子和植被群落环境的变化, 进而影响狼毒的资源利用策略, 表现为枝条与叶片构型以及二者之间关系的变化, 反映了毒杂草较强表型可塑性的适应机制。

关键词: 异速生长, 高寒草地, 叶面积, 坡度, 狼毒, 枝长度

Abstract:

Aims The growth relationship between twig and leaf is a strategy that plant canopy structure employs to space resources and enhance photosynthetic efficiency and competitiveness through configuration adjustments. Our objective was to examine how Stellara chamaejasme exploited twig and leaf configuration to explore the effects of slope change.
Methods In the upper reaches of Shiyang river, Gansu Province, China, 80 plots were set up at intervals of 20 m from the foot of a mountain along eight aspects. GPS was used to record latitude, longitude and altitude of each plot. Community traits were investigated and five S. chamaejasme were cut randomly on each plot for measurement of twig length, twig number, leaf area and leaf number. ArcGIS was used to set up digital elevation model (DEM) and abstract slope data of the study site. The 80 plots were divided into 0°-10°, 10°-20° and 20°-30° slope gradients. Values for twig and leaf traits were logarithmically converted, and then the standardized major axis (SMA) estimation method was used to examine the allometric relationship between twig number, twig length, leaf number and leaf length.
Important findings Twig length, twig number and leaf area of S. chamaejasme gradually decreased along the slope gradient. Significant allometric relationships between leaf number and twig length and between twig number and twig length were found to be consistent in all three slope gradients. Growing speed of twig length was greater than the speed of leaf number, and the growing speed of twig number was greater than the speed of twig length. However, there were significant differences in SMA slope in the three slope gradients, suggesting that slope constrains the leaf number and twig number that can be supported by a given twig length.

Key words: allometry, alpine grassland, leaf area, slope, Stellera chamaejasme, twig length

李钰,赵成章,董小刚,侯兆疆,马小丽,张茜. 高寒草地狼毒枝-叶性状的坡度差异性. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(8): 709-717. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00074

LI Yu,ZHAO Cheng-Zhang,DONG Xiao-Gang,HOU Zhao-Jiang,MA Xiao-Li,ZHANG Qian. Twig and leaf trait differences in Stellera chamaejasme with slope in alpine grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(8): 709-717. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00074

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00074

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I8/709

图/表 5

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坡度分组 Slop group	坡度范围 Slope range	样方数 Number	生物学特征 Biological characteristics
坡度分组 Slop group	坡度范围 Slope range	样方数 Number	高度 Height (cm)	盖度 Coverage (%)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)
A	0°-10°	27	16.7 ± 0.8^a	32 ± 1.3^a	9.24 ± 1.09^a
B	10°-20°	27	15.1 ± 0.5^b	28 ± 1.2^c	7.93 ± 1.43^b
C	20°-30°	26	13.8 ± 0.5^c	30 ± 1.2^b	8.07 ± 1.12^b

坡度分组 Slop group	坡度范围 Slope range	样方数 Number	生物学特征 Biological characteristics
坡度分组 Slop group	坡度范围 Slope range	样方数 Number	高度 Height (cm)	盖度 Coverage (%)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)
A	0°-10°	27	16.7 ± 0.8^a	32 ± 1.3^a	9.24 ± 1.09^a
B	10°-20°	27	15.1 ± 0.5^b	28 ± 1.2^c	7.93 ± 1.43^b
C	20°-30°	26	13.8 ± 0.5^c	30 ± 1.2^b	8.07 ± 1.12^b

坡度 Slope	叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)	叶片数 Leaf number	枝长度 Twig length (cm)	分枝数 Twig number
0°-10°	28.45 ± 1.06	50 ± 2	18.5 ± 0.7	31 ± 1
10°-20°	27.12 ± 1.21	49 ± 2	17.5 ± 0.5	30 ± 1
20°-30°	25.53 ± 1.19	47 ± 1	16.8 ± 0.4	28 ± 1
p	0.039	0.040	0.026	0.032

坡度 Slope	叶面积 Leaf area (mm²)	叶片数 Leaf number	枝长度 Twig length (cm)	分枝数 Twig number
0°-10°	28.45 ± 1.06	50 ± 2	18.5 ± 0.7	31 ± 1
10°-20°	27.12 ± 1.21	49 ± 2	17.5 ± 0.5	30 ± 1
20°-30°	25.53 ± 1.19	47 ± 1	16.8 ± 0.4	28 ± 1
p	0.039	0.040	0.026	0.032

坡度 Slope	群落特征 Community characteristic			土壤水分 Soil moisture (%)
坡度 Slope	盖度 Coverage (%)	高度 Height (cm)	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m^-2)	土壤水分 Soil moisture (%)
0°-10°	79.67 ± 5.25^a	18.39 ± 0.37^a	98.29 ± 2.91^a	9.83 ± 0.22^a
10°-20°	72.75 ± 3.61^b	17.62 ± 0.50^b	94.75 ± 3.44^b	9.15 ± 0.37^b
20°-30°	68.75 ± 3.95^c	15.83 ± 0.81^c	89.66 ± 3.28^c	8.38 ± 0.20^c