植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 281-288.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025
所属专题: 青藏高原植物生态学:种群生态学
收稿日期:
2013-10-15
接受日期:
2013-12-09
出版日期:
2014-10-15
发布日期:
2014-02-27
通讯作者:
赵成章
作者简介:
*E-mail: zhaocz@nwnu.edu.cn基金资助:
HOU Zhao-Jiang, ZHAO Cheng-Zhang*(), LI Yu, ZHANG Qian, MA Xiao-Li
Received:
2013-10-15
Accepted:
2013-12-09
Online:
2014-10-15
Published:
2014-02-27
Contact:
ZHAO Cheng-Zhang
摘要:
权衡关系是生活史对策理论的基础, 株高和枝条数的权衡关系对理解植物在不同生境下的表型可塑性有重要意义。该研究选择祁连山北坡高寒退化草地, 利用ArcGIS建立研究区域的数字高程模型(DEM), 并提取样地坡向数据, 采用广义相加模型(GAM)与偏相关分析相结合的方法, 分析了不同坡向影响下狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种群株高和枝条数的关系。结果表明: 随着坡向由北坡转向东坡、南坡、西坡, 草地群落地上生物量和盖度呈“减小—增大—减小”的变化趋势, 群落高度则先增大后减小; 坡向是影响狼毒株高和枝条数空间分异的主要地形因子; 随着坡向由北、东转向西、南, 狼毒种群株高呈下降趋势, 而枝条数呈上升趋势, 二者表现出此消彼长的权衡关系, 狼毒植株比叶面积先增大后减小。不同坡向狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系, 反映了异质生境中资源多重竞争下狼毒生物量分配机制和提高种群适应性的种群更新策略。
侯兆疆, 赵成章, 李钰, 张茜, 马小丽. 不同坡向高寒退化草地狼毒株高和枝条数的权衡关系. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(3): 281-288. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025
HOU Zhao-Jiang, ZHAO Cheng-Zhang, LI Yu, ZHANG Qian, MA Xiao-Li. Trade-off between height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme on slopes of different aspects in a degraded alpine grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(3): 281-288. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00025
坡向 Aspect | 群落特征 Community characteristic | 狼毒单株生物量 Biomass for single plant of S. chamaejasme | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
高度 Height (cm) | 盖度 Cover (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | ||
南 South | 14.66 ± 0.35c | 64.75 ± 2.16d | 92.23 ± 1.74d | 9.54 ± 0.75a |
东 East | 18.01 ± 1.22a | 68.14 ± 1.18c | 94.78 ± 1.49c | 8.44 ± 0.69b |
西 West | 16.83 ± 1.17a | 70.17 ± 1.26b | 97.66 ± 2.28b | 8.27 ± 0.41b |
北 North | 15.43 ± 0.54b | 71.97 ± 1.63a | 100.18 ± 2.13a | 7.37 ± 0.51c |
表1 不同坡向群落和狼毒特征(平均值±标准误差)
Table 1 Characteristics of community and Stellera chamaejasme on sites of different aspects (mean ± SE)
坡向 Aspect | 群落特征 Community characteristic | 狼毒单株生物量 Biomass for single plant of S. chamaejasme | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
高度 Height (cm) | 盖度 Cover (%) | 地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·m-2) | ||
南 South | 14.66 ± 0.35c | 64.75 ± 2.16d | 92.23 ± 1.74d | 9.54 ± 0.75a |
东 East | 18.01 ± 1.22a | 68.14 ± 1.18c | 94.78 ± 1.49c | 8.44 ± 0.69b |
西 West | 16.83 ± 1.17a | 70.17 ± 1.26b | 97.66 ± 2.28b | 8.27 ± 0.41b |
北 North | 15.43 ± 0.54b | 71.97 ± 1.63a | 100.18 ± 2.13a | 7.37 ± 0.51c |
参数 Parameter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
零偏差 Null deviance | 残差的偏差 Residual deviance | D2 | ||
株高 Plant height | 921.09 | 355.35 | 0.61 | |
枝条数 Branch number | 1 001.70 | 463.24 | 0.54 |
表2 GAM模型评价参数
Table 2 Evaluation parameters of GAM model
参数 Parameter | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
零偏差 Null deviance | 残差的偏差 Residual deviance | D2 | ||
株高 Plant height | 921.09 | 355.35 | 0.61 | |
枝条数 Branch number | 1 001.70 | 463.24 | 0.54 |
海拔 Elevation | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope | 坡度变率 Slope of slope | 坡向变率 Slope of aspect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 1.20 | 6.20 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.43 |
枝条数 Branch number | 1.49 | 4.46 | 0.57 | 1.73 | 0.65 |
表3 地形因子作为预测变量贡献率分析
Table 3 Contributions of topographic factors as predictors variable
海拔 Elevation | 坡向 Aspect | 坡度 Slope | 坡度变率 Slope of slope | 坡向变率 Slope of aspect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株高 Plant height | 1.20 | 6.20 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.43 |
枝条数 Branch number | 1.49 | 4.46 | 0.57 | 1.73 | 0.65 |
图1 GAM模型分析坡向对狼毒株高和枝条数的影响。A, 株高。B, 条数。s(Aspect)是Spline函数的拟合值, 在A图和B图中分别表明坡向对株高和枝条数的影响。实线代表株高和枝条数的期望值, 上下两侧虚线表示方程的置信区间。
Fig. 1 Results of GAM regression between aspect and the height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme. A, plant height; B, branch numbers. s(Aspect) is fitted value for spline function, showing variable effects of plant height and branch numbers with changes in aspect. Solid line represents fitted curve of the response variable for height and branch numbers in S. chamaejasme and the upper and lower broken lines show the equation’s confidence interval.
坡向 Aspect | 控制变量 Control variable | 株高与枝条数的关系 Relationship between plant height and branch number | |
---|---|---|---|
偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient | 自由度 df | ||
北 North | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.371** | 20 |
东 East | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.189* | 20 |
西 West | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.286* | 20 |
南 South | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.537** | 20 |
表4 狼毒株高和枝条数之间的偏相关分析
Table 4 Partial correlation coefficient between the height and branch numbers in Stellera chamaejasme
坡向 Aspect | 控制变量 Control variable | 株高与枝条数的关系 Relationship between plant height and branch number | |
---|---|---|---|
偏相关系数 Partial correlation coefficient | 自由度 df | ||
北 North | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.371** | 20 |
东 East | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.189* | 20 |
西 West | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.286* | 20 |
南 South | 单株生物量 Single plant biomass | -0.537** | 20 |
图2 不同坡向的狼毒比叶面积(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示在不同坡向上差异显著(p < 0.05)。
Fig. 2 Specific leaf area of Stellera chamaejasme on sites of different aspects (mean ± SE). Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences among different aspects (p < 0.05).
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