古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物的水分来源是荒漠地区植物水分关系研究的重要方面, 有助于理解荒漠植物对干旱环境的适应。为了研究古尔班通古特沙漠主要建群种梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)生长季的水分利用动态, 以及其对发生在不同时期相似量级降水脉冲的响应, 利用稳定性同位素技术测量了梭梭小枝木质部水、降水、0-300 cm不同土层的土壤水和地下水的δ ¹⁸O值。水源依据深度划分为4个: 浅层土壤水(0-40 cm), 中层土壤水(40-100 cm), 深层土壤水(100-300 cm)和地下水。然后, 应用IsoSource模型计算了梭梭对潜在水源的利用比例。结果表明: 4月份, 梭梭主要利用浅层土壤水, 利用比例为62%-95%; 5-9月份梭梭主要利用地下水, 利用比例为68%-100%。梭梭对不同时期发生的两场相似量级的降水具有不同程度的响应。5月22日, 6.7 mm降水后第1天, 梭梭对土壤水的吸收达到最大值, 由降水前的9.8%增长为降水后的40.4%, 同时降低了对地下水的吸收, 由降水前的83%-98%下降为42%-81%。8月31日7 mm降水后, 梭梭对土壤水的吸收没有增加, 仍然保持对地下水的高比例利用, 达71%-98%。低的土壤含水量可能抑制了表层根系的活性, 导致梭梭对降水不敏感。由冬季融雪和春季降水补给的浅层土壤水和地下水是梭梭种群可利用的两个重要水源。梭梭的水分利用动态反映了其对干旱环境的适应。

关键词: 地下水, IsoSource模型, 降水脉冲, 稳定性同位素, 水分来源

Abstract: Aims Plant water use is an important aspect of plant-water relations in desert regions, and is vital in understanding the adaptation of desert species to arid environment. Haloxylon ammodendron is a dominant plant species in the Gurbantünggüt Desert, China. Its water use pattern has an important effect on water balance of the local ecosystem and plant community composition. This study aims to investigate the dynamics of water usage in H. ammodendron and its response to soil water fluctuations resulting from precipitation pulses.Methods Oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ ¹⁸O) were measured for xylem water, soil water in different soil layers (0-300 cm depth), precipitation and groundwater. Four potential water sources were classified: shallow (0-40 cm), middle (40-100 cm) and deep soil water (100-300 cm), and groundwater. The possible ranges of potential water sources used by H. ammodendron were calculated using the IsoSource model. Important findings Main water sources for H. ammodendron shifted from the shallow soil water in April to the groundwater during May to September. In April, the contributions of shallow soil water were in the range of 62%-95%, and the possible ranges of middle and deep soil water and groundwater were 0-8%, 0-15% and 0-38%, respectively. However, during May to September, the contribution of shallow soil water decreased drastically while that of groundwater increased rapidly. Contributions of groundwater were in the range of 68%-100%. Haloxylon ammodendron responded differently to two similar precipitation pulses occurred in different months. After the 6.7 mm precipitation pulse on May 22, the usage of soil water increased from 9.8% prior to the event to maximum at 40.4% one day after rainfall (May 23), while the usage of groundwater decreased from 83%-98% to 42%-81%. After 7 mm precipitation pulse on August 31, the usage of soil water was almost unchanged and the usage of groundwater was still up to 71%-98%, implying that roots of H. ammodendron in the upper soil layer are inactive due to the long-lasting low soil water content. Hence, H. ammodendron seemed to be insensitive to the August precipitation pulse. The shallow soil water recharged by snowmelt and precipitation in spring and groundwater are two important water sources for H. ammodendron. Dynamics of water usage in H. ammodendron reflects its adaptation to this water-limiting desert environment.

Key words: groundwater, IsoSource model, precipitation pulse, stable isotope, water source

戴岳,郑新军,唐立松,李彦. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭水分利用动态. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(11): 1214-1225. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00117

DAI Yue,ZHENG Xin-Jun,TANG Li-Song,LI Yan. Dynamics of water usage in Haloxylon ammodendron in the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(11): 1214-1225. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00117

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00117

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I11/1214

图/表 7

图1 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘1-9月的气温、降水量和降水对应的δ18O值。

Fig. 1 Average daily air temperature and precipitation and mean δ18O values for precipitation during January to September 2013 in the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert.

图2 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同深度土壤质量含水量(A)和土壤水的δ18O值(B)的月变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。

Fig. 2 Variations in vertical profiles of gravimetric soil water content (A) and oxygen stable isotope ratios (δ18O) of soil water (B) in different months in the southern edge of the Gurbantünggüt Desert (mean ± SE, n = 4).

图3 生长季梭梭木质部水δ18O值的变化特征(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。浅灰色横条代表地下水的月平均δ18O值(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)。

Fig. 3 Variations in the mean δ18O values of xylem water in Haloxylon ammodendron during growing season (mean ± SE, n = 4)。The light grey bar represents the monthly average of δ18O values in groundwater (mean ± SE, n = 6).

表1 梭梭对各潜在水源利用比例的月变化(%) (平均值(最小值-最大值))

Table 1 Proportions of feasible water sources (%) for Haloxylon ammodendron in different months (mean (min-max))

水分来源 Water source	各潜在水源的利用比例 Proportions of feasible water source (%)
水分来源 Water source	4月22日	5月16日	6月13日	7月13日	8月12日	9月15日
浅层土壤水 Shallow soil water (0-40 cm)	82.7 (62-95)	3.9 (0-15)	1.5 (0-6)	1.5 (0-6)	1.6 (0-6)	0.1 (0-1)
中层土壤水 Middle soil water (40-100 cm)	2.1 (0-8)	1.5 (0-7)	2.6 (0-9)	3.6 (0-12)	3.9 (0-13)	0.8 (0-3)
深层土壤水 Deep soil water (100-300 cm)	4.2 (0-15)	4.4 (0-17)	6.5 (0-22)	8.1 (0-26)	9.9 (0-32)	3.3 (0-10)
地下水 Groundwater	11.0 (0-38)	90.2 (83-98)	89.4 (78-96)	86.7 (74-96)	84.6 (68-95)	95.7 (90-100)

图4 5月22日6.7 mm (A)和8月31日7 mm (B)降水脉冲下土壤质量含水量的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。箭头所指为降水日期。

Fig. 4 Responses of gravimetric soil water content to 6.7 mm precipitation (A) on May 22 and 7 mm precipitation (B) on August 31 (mean ± SE, n = 4). Arrows indicate the day of precipitation.

图5 5月22日6.7 mm和8月31日7 mm降水脉冲下土壤水δ18O值(A, B)和梭梭木质部水δ18O值(C, D)的变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。五角星所在位置为降水发生的日期以及对应的δ18O值。灰色横条代表当月地下水的δ18O值(平均值±标准误差, n = 4)。

Fig. 5 Responses of δ18O values of soil water (A, B) and δ18O values of xylem water in Haloxylon ammodendron (C, D) to 6.7 mm precipitation on May 22 and 7 mm precipitation on August 31 (mean ± SE, n = 4). Stars indicate the day of precipitation and δ18O values of precipitation, and gray horizontal bands represent δ18O values of groundwater in May and August, respectively (mean ± SE, n = 4).

图6 5月22日6.7 mm (A)和8月31日7 mm (B)降水脉冲下梭梭对各潜在水源利用比例的变化。箭头所指为降水日期。棒的上下限代表由IsoSource模型计算的梭梭对地下水利用比例的最大值和最小值。

Fig. 6 Variations in water use patterns in Haloxylon ammodendron in response to 6.7 mm precipitation on May 22 (A) and 7 mm precipitation on August 31 (B). Arrows indicate the day of precipitation. The bounds of bars represent the minimum/maximum proportions of groundwater calculated using the IsoSource model.

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