毛乌素裸沙丘斑块的实际蒸发量及其对降雨格局的响应

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.014

植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 123-132.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.014

毛乌素裸沙丘斑块的实际蒸发量及其对降雨格局的响应

刘峻杉¹, 高琼¹^,^*(), 郭柯², 刘新平³, 邵振艳¹, 张智才¹

1 北京师范大学资源学院,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875
2 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京 100093
3 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州 730000

收稿日期:2006-12-25 接受日期:2007-06-11 出版日期:2008-12-25 发布日期:2008-01-30
通讯作者: 高琼
作者简介:* E-mail: gaoq@bnu.edu.cn
第一联系人：
感谢邱国玉教授和李小雁教授在模型计算和验证过程中提出的宝贵建议
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重大项目(30590384)

ACTUAL EVAPORATION OF BARE SAND DUNES IN MAOWUSU, CHINA AND ITS RESPONSE TO PRECIPITATION PATTERN

LIU Jun-Shan¹, GAO Qiong¹^,^*(), GUO Ke², LIU Xin-Ping³, SHAO Zhen-Yan¹, ZHANG Zhi-Cai¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
²Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
³Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2006-12-25 Accepted:2007-06-11 Online:2008-12-25 Published:2008-01-30
Contact: GAO Qiong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

裸沙表面的蒸发虽然是一个物理问题,但对于沙地植被演替的初始阶段非常重要。目前存在的地表蒸发的机理性模型大多是瞬时或者短时期的,而年尺度以上的蒸发量与降水和蒸发驱动下的土壤水分系统的状态变化及其对蒸发过程的反馈密切相关。一些估算毛乌素年蒸发量的实验结果之间分歧很大且缺乏准确的机理性解释。该文利用生态系统模型中的土壤水分运动和蒸发模块计算了毛乌素裸沙丘从日到年际尺度的实际蒸发量,发展了一个以单次降雨量和降雨频率为驱动因素的降雨-蒸发模型对年蒸发量进行简单的估算,并研究了年蒸发量对降雨格局的响应。结果表明毛乌素裸沙丘的多年平均蒸发量为166 mm,占多年平均降雨量的56%。虽然研究区1959~1992年降雨总量无显著变化趋势,但是裸沙丘斑块的实际蒸发量呈现较明显的增加趋势(1.30 mm·a^-1)。小降雨事件对蒸发量贡献的显著增加(0.69 mm·a^-1)是导致实际蒸发量增大的重要原因。大强度降雨事件的频度和雨量对降雨总量的贡献要远高于对蒸发总量的贡献,小于12 mm的降雨事件在年际比较稳定,很大程度上保证了年蒸发量100 mm左右的基数值。这些因素使得年蒸发量的变异程度小于年降雨量的变异程度。由于降雨格局的年际变化会对蒸发量产生直接的影响,降雨-蒸发模型可以相对有效地预测年度蒸发量,而用年降雨量预测年蒸发量误差较大。

关键词: 降雨量, 土壤水分, 水量平衡, 生态水文学

Abstract:

Aims Annual or long-term actual evaporation and its response to precipitation pattern are poorly known. Our aims are to estimate average annual surface evaporation of bare sand dunes and explore the relationship between precipitation pattern and annual evaporation variance.
Methods Based on a meta-analysis of previous experiments, we used a process-based model to calculate the evaporation (EV) of bare sand dunes in Maowusu from day to multiyear scales. We also developed a simple Rainfall-EV model driven by amount and frequency of rainfalls, by which we explored the relationship between intensify of rainfall events and variance of annual evaporation.
Important findings The process-based model yielded reasonable short-term evaporation pattern after rainfalls and accumulative evaporation. The long-term average of evaporation from 1959 to 1992 is 166 mm, accounting for 56% of annual precipitation. Although there is no significant change of annual precipitation, the actual evaporation increased significantly with a tendency of 1.30 mm·a^-1. We suggested the significant increase (0.69 mm·a^-1) of small rainfall events (<5 mm) was the dominant reason of the increase of annual actual evaporation. The frequencies and amounts of strong rainfall contributed more to annual precipitation than annual evaporation, while weak rainfall events (<12 mm) kept relatively constant among years, providing about 100 mm evaporation. These resulted in less variance of annual evaporation than precipitation. Since the precipitation pattern among years apparently will influence annual evaporation, the simple Rainfall-EV model is able to predict annual evaporation effectively.

Key words: precipitation, soil moisture, water balance, ecohydrology

刘峻杉, 高琼, 郭柯, 刘新平, 邵振艳, 张智才. 毛乌素裸沙丘斑块的实际蒸发量及其对降雨格局的响应. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(1): 123-132. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.014

LIU Jun-Shan, GAO Qiong, GUO Ke, LIU Xin-Ping, SHAO Zhen-Yan, ZHANG Zhi-Cai. ACTUAL EVAPORATION OF BARE SAND DUNES IN MAOWUSU, CHINA AND ITS RESPONSE TO PRECIPITATION PATTERN. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(1): 123-132. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.014

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.014

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I1/123

图/表 14

图1 裸沙丘土壤水分剖面的模拟空心图形代表模拟结果,实心图形代表测量结果;圆形代表早春,方形代表夏季41 mm降水后一天,三角形代表秋末

Fig.1 Comparison of simulated and observed soil moisture profile of bare sand dune Open figures represent simulated results, closed figures represent observed results. Circles represent soil moisture in the early spring, squares in the day after 41 mm rainfall in the middle summer, triangles in the late autumn

表1 模型参数

Table 1 Model parameters used in simulations

参数 Parameter	符号 Symbol	值 Value	单位 Units
饱和含水量 Volumetric soil water content at saturation	θ_s	0.39	m·m^-1
残余含水率 Residual volumetric soil water content	θ_r	0.01	m·m^-1
土壤水分特征参数 Fitting parameter for soil water retention curve	α	0.029 3	cm^-1
土壤水分特征参数 Fitting parameter for soil water retention curve	n	1.751 8	-
饱和导水率 Soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation	Ks	14.2	m·d^-1
蒸发调整系数 Fitting parameter for evaporation	β	6	-
持水参数 Parameter for water-holding	θ_f	0.13	m·m^-1

表2 裸沙丘1和1.5 m内储水量

Table 2 Water reserves within 1 and 1.5 m

深度 Depth (m)	实验(郭柯等,2000) Measurements (Guo et al.,2000)		模拟 Simulations
深度 Depth (m)	平均 Average	冬季 Winter	平均 Average	冬季 Winter
1	77.9±3.6	59.7±5.4	76.3	66.1
1.5	118.1±5.2	-	113.2	105.7

图2 单次降雨量与累计蒸发量的关系(刘新平等,2006)

Fig.2 Relationship between single rainfalls and accumulative evaporation (Liu et al., 2006)

表3 1968年不同月份降雨量与蒸发量

Table 3 Rainfalls and evaporations in the different months of 1968

月份 Month	降雨量 Rainfalls (mm)	潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (mm)	实际蒸发量 Evaporation (mm)
1	0	54.7	2.2
2	0	64.5	2.2
3	0	116.7	2.8
4	0	235.2	2.8
5	11.5	346.7	7.2
6	3.7	415.2	9.5
7	80.2	316.2	31.7
8	140.7	242.3	34.6
9	59.1	195.5	24.1
10	40.5	115.6	12.8
11	0	94.3	7.7
12	0	65.4	4.0
累计Sum	335.7	2 262.3	142.9

图3 典型年份的降雨量与蒸发量

Fig.3 Rainfalls and evaporations in 1968

图4 一年内5~300 cm不同土层土壤水分的动态变化

Fig.4 Soil moisture dynamic of different layers of 5-300 cm within one year

图5 夏季雨后短期的蒸发格局

Fig.5 Short-term evaporation patterns after rainfalls in summer

表4 用降雨-蒸发模型估算的1968年蒸发量

Table 4 Evaporation estimation of 1968 by rainfall-EV model

单次降雨量 Single rainfall (mm)	次数 Times	最小蒸发量 Minimum evaporation (mm)	最大蒸发量 Maximum evaporation (mm)
<5	32	27.4	54.8
5~12	12	39.9	79.8
>12	9	38.3	76.6
累计Sum	53	105.5	211.0

图6 连续34年的降雨量与过程模型、降雨-蒸发模型计算的蒸发量

Fig.6 Rainfalls and simulated annual evaporations of continuous 34 years by the process model and rainfall-EV model

图7 不同强度降雨事件的次数

Fig.7 Frequencies of the three rain types in the continuous 34 years

图8 不同强度降雨事件对降雨量的贡献

Fig.8 Contributions of the three rain types to annual precipitation

图9 不同强度降雨事件对蒸发量的贡献

Fig.9 Contributions of the three rain types to annual evaporation

表5 不同降雨强度的发生次数及对降雨总量、蒸发量贡献的多年平均值及趋势

Table 5 Annual frequency, contribution to annual precipitation and actual evaporation, and tendency of different rain types

单次降雨量 Single rainfall (mm)	年次数 Annual times	多年趋势 Tendency (time·a^-1)	对降雨量贡献 Sum for precipitation (mm)	多年趋势 Tendency (mm·a^-1)	对蒸发量贡献 Sum for evaporation (mm)	多年趋势 Tendency (mm·a^-1)
<5	41.97±9.63	0.42^**	60.72±16.55	0.82^**	51.61±14.07	0.69^**
5~12	10.26±3.48	-	79.61±27.61	-	55.65±19.03	-
>12	7.74±3.20	-	185.30±92.68	-	55.89±23.14	-

参考文献 45

[1]	Alvenas G, Jansson PE (1997). Model for evaporation, moisture and temperature of bare soil: calibration and sensitivity analysis. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 88, 47-56.
[2]	Aydin M, Yang SL, Kurt N, Yano T (2005). Test of a simple model for estimating evaporation from bare soils in different environments. Ecological Modelling, 182, 91-105.
[3]	Campbell GS (1985). Soil Physics With Basic: Transport Models for Soil-Plant Systems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford.
[4]	Dong XJ, Zhang XS, Yang BZ (1997). A preliminary study on the water balance for some sandland shrubs based on transpiration measurements in field conditions. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 21, 208-225.
[5]	Feng JZ (冯金朝), Chen HS (陈荷生), Kang YH (康跃虎), Liu YB (刘元波)(1995). Study on water balance and evapotranspiration of artificial vegetation in Shapotou area, Tengery desert. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 37, 815-821. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	Gao Q, Liang N, Dong XJ (1997). A modeling analysis on dynamics of hilly sandy grassland landscapes using spatial simulation. Ecological Modelling, 98, 163-172.
[7]	Gee GW, Wierenga PJ, Andraski BJ, Young MH, Fayer MJ, Rockhold ML (1994). Variations in water balance and recharge potential at three western desert sites. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 63-71.
[8]	Guo K (郭柯), Dong XJ (董学军), Liu ZM (刘志茂) (2000). Characteristics of soil moisture content on sand dunes in Mu Us sandy grassland: why Artemisia ordosica declines on old fixed sand dunes. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24, 275-279. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	Hess TM, Stephens W, Maryah UM (1995). Rainfall trends in the north east arid zone of Nigeria 1961-1990. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 74, 87-97.
[10]	Hillel D (1975). Evaporation from bare soil under steady and diurnally fluctuating evaporativity. Soil Science, 120, 230-237.
[11]	Katul GG, Parlange MB (1992). Estimation of bare soil evaporation using skin temperature measurements. Journal of Hydrology, 132, 91-106.
[12]	Kemp PR, Reynolds JF, Pachepsky Y, Chen JL (1997). A comparative modeling study of soil water dynamics in a desert ecosystem. Water Resources Research, 33, 73-90.
[13]	Kobayashi Tatsuaki, Li SQ (李树青), Jin CY (金常元), Yoshikawa Ken (1992). Structure and habitats of Artemisia ordosica communities. In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolia University Press, Hohhot, 80-83. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	Kobayashi Tetsuo, Masuda Akiyoshi, Kamichika Makio (1992). Studies on the Evaporation rate of sand dune surface in the Maowusu Sands, In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolia University Press, Hohhot, 127-130. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Lauenroth WK, Bradford JB (2006). Ecohydrology and the partitioning AET between transpiration and evaporation in a semiarid steppe. Ecosystems, 9, 756-767.
[16]	Li PF (李品芳), Li BG (李保国) (2000). Study on some characteristics of evaporation of sand dune and evapotranspiration of grassland in Mu Us desert. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报), 31(3), 24-28. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	Li SZ (李守中), Xiao HL (肖洪浪), Song YX (宋耀选), Li JG (李金贵), Liu LC (刘立超) (2002). Impact of microbiotic soil crusts on rainfall interception in artificial vegetation area of Tengger desert. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 22, 612-616. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	Liu DW (刘登伟), Yan JP (延军平), Zhang YH (张月鸿) (2003). Spatial differentiation of climate changes in Muus desert region. Resources Science (资源科学), 25(6), 71-76. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	Liu S, Riekerk H, Gholz HL (1998). Simulation of evapotranspiration from Florida pine flatwoods. Ecological Modelling, 114, 19-34.
[20]	Liu XP (刘新平), Zhang TH (张铜会), Zhao HL (赵哈林), Yue GY (岳广阳) (2006). Infiltration and redistribution process of rainfall in desert mobile sand dune. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报), 37(2), 166-171. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Lu ZM (鲁作民) (1993). Study on the drought resistance of Artemisia ordosica with different ages. Chinese Bulletin of Botony (植物学通报), 10(1), 58-59. (in Chinese)
[22]	Newman BD, Wilcox BP, Archer SR, Breshears DD, Dahm CN, Duffy CJ, McDowell NG, Phillips FM, Scanlon BR, Vivoni ER (2006). Ecohydrology of water-limited environments: a scientific vision. Water Resources Research, 42(6), W06302, doi: 10.1029/2005WR004141
[23]	Qiu GY, Tomohisa Yano, Kazuro Momii, Shi QH (1995). The succession of plant communities in Tengeri desert in relation to root distribution and soil water status. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 4, 81-89.
[24]	Ren JM (任健美), You L (尤莉), Gao JF (高建峰), Wang SY (王尚义) (2005). Study on climatic change of last 40 years on Erdos plateau. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 25, 874-879. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	Reynolds JF, Kemp PR, Tenhunen JD (2000). Effects of long-term rainfall variability on evapotranspiration and soil water distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert: a modeling analysis. Plant Ecology, 150, 145-159.
[26]	Ritchie JT (1972). Model for predicting evaporation from a row crop with incomplete cover. Water Resources Research, 8, 1204-1213.
[27]	Scanlon BR, Levitt DG, Reedy RC, Keese KE, Sully MJ (2005). Ecological controls on water-cycle response to climate variability in deserts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 6033-6038.
[28]	Schwinning S, Sala OE, Loik ME, Ehleringer JR (2004). Thresholds, memory, and seasonality: understanding pulse dynamics in arid/semi-arid ecosystems. Oecologia, 141, 191-193. DOI URL PMID
[29]	Suzuki Masakazu (1992). Fluctuation of groundwater level and evapotranspiration in the Maowusu sands. In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolia University Press, Hohhot, 120-126. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	van Genuchten MT (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 44, 892-898.
[31]	Wallace JS, Holwill CJ (1997). Soil evaporation from tiger-bush in south-west Niger. Journal of Hydrology, 188-189-426-442.
[32]	Wang HX (王会肖) (1997). Measurement and simulation of evaporation from a bare sand soil. Agricultural Meteorology (中国农业气象), 18(4), 29-35. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	Wang XP (王新平), Li XR (李新荣), Kang ES (康尔泗), Zhang JG (张景光), Zhou HY (周海燕), Yang SX (杨诗秀), Lei ZD (雷志栋) (2003). The infiltration and redistribution of precipitation in revegetated sand dunes in the Tengger desert, Shapotou, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 23, 1234-1241. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	Wang XP (王新平), Zhang LP (张利平), Liu LC (刘立超), Huang ZS (黄子琛), Liu XM (刘新民) (1996). Numerical calculation of the relationship between evapotranspiration and soil moisture in arid sandy region. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 16, 388-391. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	Xiao CW, Zhou GS (2001). Study on the water balance in three dominant plants with simulated precipitation change in Maowusu sandland. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 43, 82-88.
[36]	Xiao HL, Cheng GD, Li XR, Song YX, Wang XP (2004). Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert, Northwest China. Science in China (Series D), 47(Suppl. 1), 71-77.
[37]	Xu XL (徐小玲), Yan JP (延军平) (2004). Research on the response of climate to global climatic change in Mu Us desert. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 18, 135-139. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38]	Yamanaka T, Yonetani T (1999). Dynamics of the evaporation zone in dry sandy soils. Journal of Hydrology, 217, 135-148.
[39]	Yang BZ (杨宝珍), Dong XJ (董学军), Gao Q (高琼), Liu ZM (刘志茂), Alatengbao (阿拉腾宝) (1994). Transpiration and water conditions of the Artemesia ordosica communities. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 18, 161-170. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[40]	Yao HL (姚洪林), Wei CT (魏成泰), Liao MC (廖茂彩) (1992). An introduction on the Maowusu sands exploitation and control research center. In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolian University Press, Hohhot, 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]	Zhang Q (张强), Sun XY (孙向阳), Huang LJ (黄利江) (2004a). Study on water-retention characters of Maowusu sandy soil. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 17, 63-66. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[42]	Zhang Q (张强), Sun XY (孙向阳), Huang LJ (黄利江), Wang H (王涵), Zhang GC (张广才) (2004b). Studies on soil water characteristic curves and infiltration capability of Maowusu sandy soil. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 17, 9-14. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]	Zhang XS (张新时) (1994). Principles and optimal models for development of Maowusu sandy grassland. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 18, 1-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]	Zhang ZS (张志山), Wang XP (王新平), Li XR (李新荣), Zhang JG (张景光) (2005). Soil evaporation in artificially revegetated desert area. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 25, 243-248. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[45]	Zhu J, Mohanty BP (2002). Upscaling of soil hydraulic properties for steady state evaporation and infiltration. Water Resources Research, 38(9), 1178, doi: 10.1029/2001WR000704

毛乌素裸沙丘斑块的实际蒸发量及其对降雨格局的响应

ACTUAL EVAPORATION OF BARE SAND DUNES IN MAOWUSU, CHINA AND ITS RESPONSE TO PRECIPITATION PATTERN

全文

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 45

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	张玉林, 尹本丰, 陶冶, 李永刚, 周晓兵, 张元明. 早春首次降雨时间及降雨量对古尔班通古特沙漠两种短命植物形态特征与叶绿素荧光的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(4): 428-439.
[2]	杨德春, 胡雷, 宋小艳, 王长庭. 降雨变化对高寒草甸不同植物功能群凋落物质量及其分解的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(12): 1314-1328.
[3]	宋小艳, 王根绪, 冉飞, 杨燕, 张莉, 肖瑶. 东北大兴安岭演替初期泰加林灌草层典型植物开花物候与生长对模拟暖干化气候的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(5): 539-549.
[4]	李晋波, 姚楠, 赵英, 范庭, 张建国, 兰志龙, 易军, 司炳成. 不同放牧条件下锡林郭勒典型草原土壤水分分布特征及降水入渗估算[J]. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(10): 1033-1042.
[5]	徐婷, 赵成章, 韩玲, 冯威, 段贝贝, 郑慧玲. 张掖湿地旱柳叶脉密度与水分利用效率的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(7): 761-769.
[6]	陈敏玲, 张兵伟, 任婷婷, 王姗姗, 陈世苹. 内蒙古半干旱草原土壤水分对降水格局变化的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(7): 658-668.
[7]	孙鹏森, 刘宁, 刘世荣, 孙阁. 川西亚高山流域水碳平衡研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(10): 1037-1048.
[8]	张彬,朱建军,刘华民,潘庆民. 极端降水和极端干旱事件对草原生态系统的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(9): 1008-1018.
[9]	熊育久,邱国玉,谢芳. 内蒙古太仆寺旗退耕草地植物种类变化与水分收支[J]. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(5): 425-439.
[10]	夏江宝, 张淑勇, 赵自国, 赵艳云, 高源, 谷广义, 孙景宽. 贝壳堤岛旱柳光合效率的土壤水分临界效应及其阈值分级[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(9): 851-860.
[11]	王荣荣, 夏江宝, 杨吉华, 赵艳云, 刘京涛, 孙景宽. 贝壳砂生境干旱胁迫下杠柳叶片光合光响应模型比较[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(2): 111-121.
[12]	刘苏峡, 邢博, 袁国富, 莫兴国, 林忠辉. 中国根层与表层土壤水分关系分析[J]. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(1): 1-17.
[13]	王红丽, 张绪成, 宋尚有. 半干旱区旱地不同覆盖种植方式玉米田的土壤水分和产量效应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(8): 825-833.
[14]	夏江宝, 张光灿, 孙景宽, 刘霞. 山杏叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分和光照强度的阈值效应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(3): 322-329.
[15]	郭亚奇, 阿里穆斯, 高清竹, 段敏杰, 干珠扎布, 万运帆, 李玉娥, 郭红保. 灌溉条件下藏北紫花针茅光合特性及其对温度和CO₂浓度的短期响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(3): 311-321.