植物生态学报 ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 238-250.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.002
郝占庆1(), 李步杭1,2, 张健1,2, 王绪高1, 叶吉1,2, 姚晓琳1,2
收稿日期:
2007-12-18
接受日期:
2008-01-03
出版日期:
2008-12-18
发布日期:
2008-03-30
通讯作者:
郝占庆
作者简介:
E-mail: hzq@iae.ac.cn感谢中国科学院生物多样性委员会对长白山大样地工作的大力支持;感谢加拿大 Aberta大学何芳良教授、台湾东海大学孙义方教授、中国科学院植物研究所马克平研究员和美国 Clemson大学宋波教授,在样地选址、野外调查等方面给于的支持和帮助
基金资助:
HAO Zhan-Qing1(), LI Bu-Hang1,2, ZHANG Jian1,2, WANG Xu-Gao1, YE Ji1,2, YAO Xiao-Lin1,2
Received:
2007-12-18
Accepted:
2008-01-03
Online:
2008-12-18
Published:
2008-03-30
Contact:
HAO Zhan-Qing
摘要:
阔叶红松(Pinus koraiensis)林是中国东北地区的地带性植被,长白山区是阔叶红松林的核心分布区。参照巴拿马Barro Colorado Island (BCI) 50 hm2 热带雨林样地的技术规范,于2004年在长白山自然保护区的阔叶红松林内建立了一块25 hm2的固定样地(简称CBS),这是目前中国科学院生物多样性委员会中国森林多样性动态研究网络中最北端的一块,也是全球温带地区最大的一块森林样地。2004年夏的第一次调查结果表明,样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物有52种,隶属于18科32属。总的独立个体数为38 902,包括分枝的总个体数为59 121。植物组成上属典型的长白山植物区系,同时混有一些亚热带和亚寒带成分。群落优势种明显,个体数最多的前3个种的个体数占到总个体数的60%,前14个种占到95%,而其余38个种只占到5%。从物种多度、胸高断面积、平均胸径和重要值来看,群落成层现象显著,具有比较明显的优势种。主要树种的径级结构近似于正态分布或双峰分布,而次林层和林下层树种则表现出倒 “J" 形或 “L"形。红松、紫椴(Tilia amurensis)、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、色木槭(Acer mono)和春榆(Ulmus japonica)几个主要树种的空间分布随物种、径级的变化表现出不同的分布格局,其它一些树种的分布格局也表现出一定的空间异质性。
郝占庆, 李步杭, 张健, 王绪高, 叶吉, 姚晓琳. 长白山阔叶红松林样地(CBS):群落组成与结构. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(2): 238-250. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.002
HAO Zhan-Qing, LI Bu-Hang, ZHANG Jian, WANG Xu-Gao, YE Ji, YAO Xiao-Lin. BROAD-LEAVED KOREAN PINE (PINUS KORAIENSIS) MIXED FOREST PLOT IN CHANGBAISHAN (CBS) OF CHINA: COMMUNITY COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(2): 238-250. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.02.002
物种名 Species | 科 Families | 多度 Abundance | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2·hm-2) | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 重要值 Important value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
毛榛Corylus mandshurica | Betulaceae | 7 834 | 0.081 4 | 1.73 | 9.59 |
色木槭Acer mono | Aceraceae | 6 609 | 2.685 5 | 7.45 | 10.64 |
假色槭Acer pseudo-sieboldianum | Aceraceae | 5 984 | 1.095 3 | 6.14 | 8.57 |
簇毛槭Acer barbinerve | Aceraceae | 3 911 | 0.081 2 | 2.3 | 5.86 |
紫椴Tilia amurensis | Tiliaceae | 2 927 | 12.312 3 | 31.27 | 14.82 |
红松Pinus koraiensis | Pinaceae | 2 468 | 9.788 9 | 32.58 | 12.35 |
暴马丁香Syringa reticulata | Oleaceae | 1 598 | 0.089 3 | 3.77 | 3.02 |
春榆Ulmus japonica | Ulmaceae | 1 109 | 1.811 5 | 14.14 | 4.31 |
蒙古栎Quercus mongolica | Fagaceae | 926 | 6.500 8 | 41.25 | 8.02 |
青楷槭Acer tegmentosum | Aceraceae | 846 | 0.107 5 | 4.62 | 1.99 |
怀槐Maackia amurensis | Leguminosae | 753 | 0.334 6 | 10.53 | 2.27 |
水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica | Oleaceae | 681 | 5.808 4 | 47.94 | 6.71 |
稠李Prunus padus | Rosaceae | 515 | 0.078 4 | 4.85 | 0.94 |
东北山梅花Philadelphus schrenkii | Saxifragaceae | 470 | 0.002 6 | 1.27 | 1.60 |
糠椴Tilia mandshurica | Tiliaceae | 410 | 0.303 5 | 9.81 | 0.87 |
拧劲槭Acer triflorum | Aceraceae | 276 | 0.112 3 | 8.67 | 0.95 |
白牛槭Acer mandshuricum | Aceraceae | 251 | 0.089 6 | 7.07 | 0.84 |
裂叶榆Ulmus laciniata | Ulmaceae | 192 | 0.054 6 | 5.85 | 0.60 |
毛山楂Crataegus maximouwiczii | Rosaceae | 121 | 0.002 | 2.08 | 0.35 |
乌苏里鼠李Rhamnus ussuriensis | Rhamnaceae | 118 | 0.035 4 | 7.57 | 0.54 |
茶条槭Acer ginnala | Aceraceae | 108 | 0.005 4 | 3.41 | 0.30 |
山丁子Malus baccata | Rosaceae | 106 | 0.037 7 | 6.85 | 0.48 |
白桦Betula platyphylla | Betulaceae | 96 | 0.160 0 | 21.45 | 0.48 |
山梨Pyrus ussuriensis | Rosaceae | 74 | 0.041 4 | 9.08 | 0.34 |
黄檗Phellodendron amurense | Rutaceae | 60 | 0.080 9 | 19.85 | 0.34 |
鸡树条荚蒾Viburnum sargenti | Caprifoliaceae | 43 | 0.000 3 | 1.38 | 0.17 |
小楷槭Acer tsckonoskii | Aceraceae | 39 | 0.002 8 | 4.10 | 0.11 |
卫矛Euonymus alatus | Celastraceae | 38 | 0.000 3 | 1.50 | 0.19 |
瘤枝卫矛Euonymus pauciflorus | Celastraceae | 37 | 0.000 3 | 1.49 | 0.18 |
刺五加Acanthopanax senticosus | Araliaceae | 35 | 0.000 2 | 1.25 | 0.12 |
大青杨Populus ussuriensis | Salicaceae | 30 | 1.194 3 | 104.85 | 1.08 |
单花忍冬Lonicera monantha | Caprifoliaceae | 27 | 0.000 2 | 1.38 | 0.13 |
山杨Populus davidiana | Salicaceae | 27 | 0.078 1 | 23.68 | 0.18 |
鼠李Rhamnus davarica | Rhamnaceae | 26 | 0.004 5 | 6.20 | 0.14 |
暖木条荚蒾Viburnum burejaeticum | Caprifoliaceae | 23 | 0.000 1 | 1.28 | 0.09 |
接骨木Sambucus williamsii | Caprifoliaceae | 19 | 0.000 3 | 2.07 | 0.09 |
水榆花楸Sorbus alnifolia | Rosaceae | 19 | 0.003 8 | 6.67 | 0.07 |
山樱桃Cerasus maximowiczii | Rosaceae | 18 | 0.002 7 | 5.44 | 0.10 |
枫桦Betula costata | Betulaceae | 16 | 0.048 4 | 25.33 | 0.13 |
辽东楤木Aralia elata | Araliaceae | 12 | 0.000 2 | 2.01 | 0.05 |
翅卫矛Euonymus macropterus | Celastraceae | 10 | 0.000 1 | 1.56 | 0.04 |
花曲柳Fraxinus rhynchophylla | Oleaceae | 10 | 0.004 2 | 9.88 | 0.04 |
金刚鼠李Rhamnus diamantiaca | Rhamnaceae | 7 | 0.000 7 | 4.60 | 0.03 |
香杨Populus koreana | Salicaceae | 5 | 0.154 1 | 91.86 | 0.14 |
臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis | Pinaceae | 4 | 0.022 1 | 38.10 | 0.03 |
珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia | Rosaceae | 4 | 0 | 1.28 | 0.01 |
松杉冷杉Abies holophylla | Pinaceae | 3 | 0.016 6 | 35.53 | 0.03 |
东北茶藨子Ribes mandschuricum | Saxifragaceae | 2 | 0 | 1.35 | 0.01 |
山葡萄Vitis amurensis | Vitaceae | 2 | 0.000 1 | 2.50 | 0.01 |
狗枣猕猴桃Actinidia kolomikta | Actinidiaceae | 1 | 0 | 2.50 | 0.01 |
山刺玫Rosa davurica | Rosaceae | 1 | 0 | 1.00 | 0.01 |
花楸Sorbus pohuashanensis | Rosaceae | 1 | 0.000 5 | 13.10 | 0.01 |
总计Total | 38 902 | 43.235 4 |
表1 CBS样地的物种组成
Table 1 Species composition in the CBS plot
物种名 Species | 科 Families | 多度 Abundance | 胸高断面积 Basal area (m2·hm-2) | 平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm) | 重要值 Important value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
毛榛Corylus mandshurica | Betulaceae | 7 834 | 0.081 4 | 1.73 | 9.59 |
色木槭Acer mono | Aceraceae | 6 609 | 2.685 5 | 7.45 | 10.64 |
假色槭Acer pseudo-sieboldianum | Aceraceae | 5 984 | 1.095 3 | 6.14 | 8.57 |
簇毛槭Acer barbinerve | Aceraceae | 3 911 | 0.081 2 | 2.3 | 5.86 |
紫椴Tilia amurensis | Tiliaceae | 2 927 | 12.312 3 | 31.27 | 14.82 |
红松Pinus koraiensis | Pinaceae | 2 468 | 9.788 9 | 32.58 | 12.35 |
暴马丁香Syringa reticulata | Oleaceae | 1 598 | 0.089 3 | 3.77 | 3.02 |
春榆Ulmus japonica | Ulmaceae | 1 109 | 1.811 5 | 14.14 | 4.31 |
蒙古栎Quercus mongolica | Fagaceae | 926 | 6.500 8 | 41.25 | 8.02 |
青楷槭Acer tegmentosum | Aceraceae | 846 | 0.107 5 | 4.62 | 1.99 |
怀槐Maackia amurensis | Leguminosae | 753 | 0.334 6 | 10.53 | 2.27 |
水曲柳Fraxinus mandshurica | Oleaceae | 681 | 5.808 4 | 47.94 | 6.71 |
稠李Prunus padus | Rosaceae | 515 | 0.078 4 | 4.85 | 0.94 |
东北山梅花Philadelphus schrenkii | Saxifragaceae | 470 | 0.002 6 | 1.27 | 1.60 |
糠椴Tilia mandshurica | Tiliaceae | 410 | 0.303 5 | 9.81 | 0.87 |
拧劲槭Acer triflorum | Aceraceae | 276 | 0.112 3 | 8.67 | 0.95 |
白牛槭Acer mandshuricum | Aceraceae | 251 | 0.089 6 | 7.07 | 0.84 |
裂叶榆Ulmus laciniata | Ulmaceae | 192 | 0.054 6 | 5.85 | 0.60 |
毛山楂Crataegus maximouwiczii | Rosaceae | 121 | 0.002 | 2.08 | 0.35 |
乌苏里鼠李Rhamnus ussuriensis | Rhamnaceae | 118 | 0.035 4 | 7.57 | 0.54 |
茶条槭Acer ginnala | Aceraceae | 108 | 0.005 4 | 3.41 | 0.30 |
山丁子Malus baccata | Rosaceae | 106 | 0.037 7 | 6.85 | 0.48 |
白桦Betula platyphylla | Betulaceae | 96 | 0.160 0 | 21.45 | 0.48 |
山梨Pyrus ussuriensis | Rosaceae | 74 | 0.041 4 | 9.08 | 0.34 |
黄檗Phellodendron amurense | Rutaceae | 60 | 0.080 9 | 19.85 | 0.34 |
鸡树条荚蒾Viburnum sargenti | Caprifoliaceae | 43 | 0.000 3 | 1.38 | 0.17 |
小楷槭Acer tsckonoskii | Aceraceae | 39 | 0.002 8 | 4.10 | 0.11 |
卫矛Euonymus alatus | Celastraceae | 38 | 0.000 3 | 1.50 | 0.19 |
瘤枝卫矛Euonymus pauciflorus | Celastraceae | 37 | 0.000 3 | 1.49 | 0.18 |
刺五加Acanthopanax senticosus | Araliaceae | 35 | 0.000 2 | 1.25 | 0.12 |
大青杨Populus ussuriensis | Salicaceae | 30 | 1.194 3 | 104.85 | 1.08 |
单花忍冬Lonicera monantha | Caprifoliaceae | 27 | 0.000 2 | 1.38 | 0.13 |
山杨Populus davidiana | Salicaceae | 27 | 0.078 1 | 23.68 | 0.18 |
鼠李Rhamnus davarica | Rhamnaceae | 26 | 0.004 5 | 6.20 | 0.14 |
暖木条荚蒾Viburnum burejaeticum | Caprifoliaceae | 23 | 0.000 1 | 1.28 | 0.09 |
接骨木Sambucus williamsii | Caprifoliaceae | 19 | 0.000 3 | 2.07 | 0.09 |
水榆花楸Sorbus alnifolia | Rosaceae | 19 | 0.003 8 | 6.67 | 0.07 |
山樱桃Cerasus maximowiczii | Rosaceae | 18 | 0.002 7 | 5.44 | 0.10 |
枫桦Betula costata | Betulaceae | 16 | 0.048 4 | 25.33 | 0.13 |
辽东楤木Aralia elata | Araliaceae | 12 | 0.000 2 | 2.01 | 0.05 |
翅卫矛Euonymus macropterus | Celastraceae | 10 | 0.000 1 | 1.56 | 0.04 |
花曲柳Fraxinus rhynchophylla | Oleaceae | 10 | 0.004 2 | 9.88 | 0.04 |
金刚鼠李Rhamnus diamantiaca | Rhamnaceae | 7 | 0.000 7 | 4.60 | 0.03 |
香杨Populus koreana | Salicaceae | 5 | 0.154 1 | 91.86 | 0.14 |
臭冷杉Abies nephrolepis | Pinaceae | 4 | 0.022 1 | 38.10 | 0.03 |
珍珠梅Sorbaria sorbifolia | Rosaceae | 4 | 0 | 1.28 | 0.01 |
松杉冷杉Abies holophylla | Pinaceae | 3 | 0.016 6 | 35.53 | 0.03 |
东北茶藨子Ribes mandschuricum | Saxifragaceae | 2 | 0 | 1.35 | 0.01 |
山葡萄Vitis amurensis | Vitaceae | 2 | 0.000 1 | 2.50 | 0.01 |
狗枣猕猴桃Actinidia kolomikta | Actinidiaceae | 1 | 0 | 2.50 | 0.01 |
山刺玫Rosa davurica | Rosaceae | 1 | 0 | 1.00 | 0.01 |
花楸Sorbus pohuashanensis | Rosaceae | 1 | 0.000 5 | 13.10 | 0.01 |
总计Total | 38 902 | 43.235 4 |
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