剔除林下灌草和添加翅荚决明对尾叶桉林土壤温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林土壤是CO₂、CH₄和N₂O等温室气体的重要排放源。采用静态箱/色谱分析技术对中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合开放试验站的尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)林土壤CO₂、CH₄和N₂O排放通量进行了原位测定, 研究剔除林下灌草和添加翅荚决明(Cassia alata)对尾叶桉林土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明: 尾叶桉林土壤CO₂排放通量在湿季维持在较高水平, 在旱季则明显降低。CH₄和N₂O在湿季波动幅度较大, 在旱季则相对稳定。土壤CO₂和CH₄通量峰值均出现在湿季, 但N₂O峰值出现在旱季的12月。尾叶桉林土壤在不同处理下可能是CH₄的源, 也可能是CH₄的汇, 而对于CO₂和N₂O则主要是源。尾叶桉林下剔除灌草及添加翅荚决明能显著增大土壤CO₂和N₂O的排放, 但林下灌草剔除后有利于CH₄的吸收, 添加翅荚决明有利于CH₄的排放。表层土壤温度和湿度是影响土壤温室气体排放的首要因子。呼吸底物(氮源)和土壤微生物量也是影响土壤温室气体排放的重要因子。

关键词: 温室气体排放, 林下植被, 翅荚决明, 尾叶桉林, 森林土壤

Abstract:

Aims CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O are important greenhouse gases, and they mainly come from soils in forest ecosystems. Our objective was to analyze the effects of removal of the understory and addition of Cassia alata on soil CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions in Heshan Hilly Land Interdisciplinary Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Province, China.
Methods CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes in a Eucalyptus urophylla plantation were measuredin situ using the static chamber technique from June 2007 to May 2008.
Important findings CO₂ fluxes stayed at a relatively high level during the rainy season and a lower level in the dry season, while CH₄ and N₂O fluxes varied widely in the rainy season and were stable in the dry season. Peak values of CO₂and CH₄appeared in the rainy season, while the peak value of N₂O flux was in the dry season (December). The E. urophylla plantation soil was a sink or source for CH₄ while consistently a source for CO₂and N₂O. Understory removal and C. alata addition significantly enhanced CO₂ (p<0.01) and N₂O fluxes (p<0.01), while decreasing or increasing CH₄ fluxes under the same treatments. Results indicated that soil temperature, soil moisture, NO₃-N and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) might be important variables for soil CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O fluxes.

Key words: greenhouse gas emissions, understory vegetation, Cassia alata, Eucalyptus urophylla plantation, forest soil

李海防, 夏汉平, 傅声雷, 张杏锋. 剔除林下灌草和添加翅荚决明对尾叶桉林土壤温室气体排放的影响. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(6): 1015-1022. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.001

LI Hai-Fang, XIA Han-Ping, FU Sheng-Lei, ZHANG Xing-Feng. EMISSIONS OF SOIL GREENHOUSE GASES IN RESPONSE TO UNDERSTORY REMOVAL AND CASSIA ALATAADDITION IN AN EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA PLANTATION IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(6): 1015-1022. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.001

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I6/1015

图/表 4

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变量 Variable	处理 Treatment				p
变量 Variable	A	B	C	CK	p
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	23.07 ^{a b}	23.33^a	22.98^{a b}	22.68^b	<0.05
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)	17.27^a	14.08^b	16.72^a	17.24^a	<0.01
pH	4.25	4.17	4.21	4.26	ns
土壤有机C Soil organic carbon (%)	1.96^a	1.44^b	1.90^a	1.97^a	<0.05
NO₃-N (mg·kg^-1)	7.13^a	5.702^b	5.44^b	5.07^b	<0.05
NH₄-N (mg·kg^-1)	4.91	6.41	4.97	6.88	ns
根系生物量 Fine root biomass (g·m^-2)	116.15^b	156.502^b	360.01^a	352.02^a	<0.01
微生物碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg^-1)	398.02^a	329.34^{a b}	309.43^{a b}	219.15^b	<0.01

变量 Variable	处理 Treatment				p
变量 Variable	A	B	C	CK	p
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	23.07 ^{a b}	23.33^a	22.98^{a b}	22.68^b	<0.05
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (%)	17.27^a	14.08^b	16.72^a	17.24^a	<0.01
pH	4.25	4.17	4.21	4.26	ns
土壤有机C Soil organic carbon (%)	1.96^a	1.44^b	1.90^a	1.97^a	<0.05
NO₃-N (mg·kg^-1)	7.13^a	5.702^b	5.44^b	5.07^b	<0.05
NH₄-N (mg·kg^-1)	4.91	6.41	4.97	6.88	ns
根系生物量 Fine root biomass (g·m^-2)	116.15^b	156.502^b	360.01^a	352.02^a	<0.01
微生物碳 Microbial biomass carbon (mg·kg^-1)	398.02^a	329.34^{a b}	309.43^{a b}	219.15^b	<0.01

因子 Factor	CO₂通量 CO₂flux (Y₁) (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	CH₄通量 CH₄flux (Y₂) (μg·m^-2·h^-1)	N₂O通量 N₂O flux (Y₃) (mg·m^-2·h^-1)
土壤温度 Soil temperature (X₁) (℃)	Y₁=35.91e^0.05^X₁ (R²=0.25; p<0.01;n=408)	Y₂=-31.34+1.40X₁ (R²=0.03; p<0.01;n=408)	Y₃=6.28+0.27X₁ (R²=0.07; p<0.01;n=408)
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (X₂) (%)	Y₁=94.73+1.76 X₂ (R²=0.04;p <0.01; n=408)	Y₂=-4.12+0.42X₂ (R²=0.08; p<0.01;n=408)	Y₃=18.46-0.31X₂ (R²=0.02; p<0.01;n=408)
NO₃-N (X₃) (mg·kg^-1)	–	–	Y₃=6.11+0.67X₃ (R²=0.31; p<0.05;n=6)
微生物C Microbial biomass carbon (X₄) (mg·kg^-1)	Y₁=84.35+0.16X₃ (R²=0.39; p<0.01;n=6)	–	–

因子 Factor	CO₂通量 CO₂flux (Y₁) (mg·m^-2·h^-1)	CH₄通量 CH₄flux (Y₂) (μg·m^-2·h^-1)	N₂O通量 N₂O flux (Y₃) (mg·m^-2·h^-1)
土壤温度 Soil temperature (X₁) (℃)	Y₁=35.91e^0.05^X₁ (R²=0.25; p<0.01;n=408)	Y₂=-31.34+1.40X₁ (R²=0.03; p<0.01;n=408)	Y₃=6.28+0.27X₁ (R²=0.07; p<0.01;n=408)
土壤湿度 Soil moisture (X₂) (%)	Y₁=94.73+1.76 X₂ (R²=0.04;p <0.01; n=408)	Y₂=-4.12+0.42X₂ (R²=0.08; p<0.01;n=408)	Y₃=18.46-0.31X₂ (R²=0.02; p<0.01;n=408)
NO₃-N (X₃) (mg·kg^-1)	–	–	Y₃=6.11+0.67X₃ (R²=0.31; p<0.05;n=6)
微生物C Microbial biomass carbon (X₄) (mg·kg^-1)	Y₁=84.35+0.16X₃ (R²=0.39; p<0.01;n=6)	–	–