植物生态学报 ›› 1989, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (1): 18-27.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆若干植物群落对土壤和地下水指示性的初步研究

颜铭   

  • 发布日期:1989-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 颜铭

A Preliminary Study on the Indicative Significance of Some Plant Communities to the Soil and Ground Water in Xinjiang

Yan Ming   

  • Published:1989-01-10
  • Contact: Wang Liang-ping

摘要: 本文对北疆玛纳斯河流域和南疆策勒河流域共10种植物群落与土壤和地下水的关系进行了初步研究,分析了一些植物的指示意义。1.多枝柽柳是一种富Cl和S的植物,它所生长的土壤中Cl-和SO42-的含量较高.生长多枝柽柳群落的土壤盐化类型一般为氮化物、硫酸盐型1)。2.梭梭和白梭梭的化学元素类型很相似,它们都是富Na植物.土壤中Na+离子的相对含量一般在50%以上。3.琵琶柴在南疆多分布在砾质戈壁上,在北疆则多出现于黄土状母质上。一般说来,琵琶柴生长地段0—30cm土层内的盐分平均含量不超过1%。4.花花柴是一种潜水指示植物,它的地下水深度一般不超过3m。花花柴也是一种富S植物,土壤中SO42-离子的相对含量较高。5.疏叶骆驼刺是一种淡水指示植物。在南疆多生长在沙丘间低地和平沙地上.地下水深多在5m以下,土壤盐渍化较弱。6.铃铛刺也是潜水植物,在玛纳斯河流域它一般指示地下水深度在2—4m左右.该植物体内的低灰分含量与土壤弱盐渍化程度相联系。7.膜果麻黄生长在砾沙质的棕色荒漠土上,土体中有明显的石膏淀积层。8.黑刺是典型盐土植物,所在土壤0—30cm平均含盐量大于2%,黑刺是富Na和富Cl植物,土壤中Na+离子和Cl-离子的相对含量也较高。 9.昆仑蒿总是与昆仑黄土相联系,它是一种富K植物,可用来指示土壤中K的较高含量。

Abstract: Through two short periods (1984, 1985) of field work, the author investigated 10 plant, communities and their Soils and ground water in the Qira R. Basin of Southern Xinjiang and in the Manas R. Basin of Northern Xiniiang. The indicative significances of these 10 plant communities are as follows:1. Tamarix ramosissima is a Cl-and S-rich plant. It was also found that the soil it grows on is rich in C1- and SO42-. 2. Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum are similar in their chemical composition, both the Na-rich plants. The relative Na+ ion content of their soil are greater than 50% too. 3. Reaumuria soongorica. In Southern Xinjiang, this dwarf semishrub occurs on gravelly gobi of piedmont, while in Northern Xinjiang, it is found on the plain covered with loess or loessial material. The average salinity of the surface soil (0--30cm) is generally less than 1% 4. Karelinia caspica. This composite perennial is found to be a phreatophyte. The depth of the ground water table is generally 3 metres below the ground surface. It is also an S-rich plant which may be used as an indicator of higher relative content of SO42- ion in the soil. 5. Alhagi sparsifolia is a leguminosae perennial, and has a deep root system. In Southern Xinjiang, it distributes generally in depressions among sand dunes and flat sandy plains. It is an indicator of fresh ground water. The depth of ground water table lies at about 5 metres below soil surface, and the salinity of the soil is low. 6. Halimodendron halodendron. This is a phreatophyte too. In the Manas River Basin, it may indicate that the ground water table lies at a depth of 2–4m. Its ash content is rather low, and this may be due to the weak salinization of the soil. 7. Ephedra przewalskii is a dwarf shrub, mainly found in Southern Xinjiang. It distributes on sandy gravelly piedmont gobi, with brown desert soil. In the soil profile there exists an illuvium layer of gypsum. 8. Lycium ruthenicum. This solanaceae shrub is a typical halophyte. The average salinity of its soil (0—30cm) generally exceeds 2%. It is a Na-and Cl-rich plant. The relative contents of Na+ and C1-ion in the soil are rather high. 9. Artemisia parvula always occurs on slopes covered with "Kunlun loess", it is a K-rich plant, and can be used as an indicator of high content of K element in the soil.