青海省同德县乔木状甘蒙柽柳的年龄及其生长对环境的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青海省同德县高原河漫滩地区存在乔木状的甘蒙柽柳(Tamarix austromongolica), 且在即将修建的水电站库区成林分布, 引发了学者和公众在其是否属于古树而需要保护以及如何保护问题上的广泛关注。该研究利用树木年轮学方法, 调查了水库淹没区和非淹没区中胸径较大的甘蒙柽柳的树龄, 分析了甘蒙柽柳的生长历史及其对环境因素的响应。研究发现胸径较大的甘蒙柽柳可由多株合生形成, 测量胸径与植株个体年龄之间无直接联系。该地区甘蒙柽柳径向生长量在20世纪70-80年代迅速提升, 80年代后生长趋于平稳。甘蒙柽柳的径向生长响应于7、8月份的水分条件, 径流的增加在一定程度上促进了甘蒙柽柳的生长。未成熟植株的径向生长与生长季的风速有着显著的负相关关系。研究结果对甘蒙柽柳特殊形态的形成认知具有理论意义, 对该树种保护方案的评估具有实践意义。

关键词: 甘蒙柽柳, 乔木状, 树轮, 径流, 风速

Abstract:

Aims The objectives were to identify the age of the arboreous Tamarix austromongolica in the flood plain area of the Qinghai Plateau and clarify the response patterns of T. austromongolica’s growth to the environmental factors. We focused on social issues about whether the T. austromongolica should be protected and how to protect in the reservoir area of a hydropower station. Methods In this study, arboreous T. austromongolica in both reservoir submerged and non-submerged areas were sampled and measured based on the dendrochronology method. The ages were estimated based on the geometrical characteristics of the pith and the identified age of the inner ring. The correlation and response analysis showed the relationship between T. austromongolica’s growth and environmental factors. Important findings We accurately determined the age and historical growth dynamics of the T. austromongolica with large diameter at breast height (DBH). The results showed a special accretion phenomenon in arboreous T. austromongolica, which accelerated the DBH increasing, i.e. no direct relationship existed between the plants’ DBH and ages of the individuals. Radial growth of T. austromongolica, increased rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s and began to stabilize in the late 1980s, and mainly responded to the runoff in July and August of the Yellow River. Increasing runoff would promote the radial growth of T. austromongolica. The growth of the immaturate plant showed significant negative correlation with the wind speed in the growing season. The results will be of theoretical significance to the formation of the special morphology of the T. austromongolica, and will provide scientific practical guidance in designing the protection schemes.

Key words: Tamarix austromongolica, arboreous, tree ring, runoff, wind speed

方欧娅, 贾恒锋, 邱红岩, 任海保. 青海省同德县乔木状甘蒙柽柳的年龄及其生长对环境的响应. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(7): 738-748. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0088

Ou-Ya FANG, Heng-Feng JIA, Hong-Yan QIU, Hai-Bao REN. Age of arboreous Tamarix austromongolica and its growth response to environment in Tongde County of Qinghai, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(7): 738-748. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0088

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0088

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I7/738

图/表 7

图1 青海同德县甘蒙柽柳采样点。

Fig. 1 Sampling sites of Tamarix austromongolica in Tongde, Qinghai.

表1 同德县甘蒙柽柳采样树木年龄

Table 1 Ages of sampling Tamarix austromongolica in Tongde County

样本号 Sample ID	胸径 DBH (cm)	年龄¹⁾ Age¹⁾	最小年龄²⁾ Minimum age²⁾	样本号 Sample ID	胸径 DBH (cm)	年龄¹⁾ Age ¹⁾	最小年龄²⁾ Minimum age²⁾
RG-X01	23.2	28		RG-X27	28.0	25
RG-X02	24.8	36		RG-X28	20.4	23
RG-X03	28.6		34	RG-X29	22.6	22
RG-X04	31.2	35		RG-X30	21.3	19
RG-X05A	132.1	86		RG-X31	21.6	15
RG-X05B	132.1	42	39³⁾	RG-X32A	33.7		19
RG-X05C	132.1	31		RG-X33	19.2	22
RG-X05D	132.1	64		RG-X34	25.5	23
RG-X05E	132.1	35		RG-X35	29.6
RG-X06A	105.0	18		RG-X36	36.3	28
RG-X06B	105.0	35		RG-X37	49.7		40
RG-X07	51.3		40	RG-P38	19.7	30
RG-X08	31.5		48	RG-P39	18.5	27
RG-X09A	37.9		28	RG-P40	18.1	39
RG-X10	35.7	32		RG-P41	57.6	115
RG-X11A	104.4		19	BD-X01A	42.3	28
RG-X12A	98.4		39	BD-X02	28.0		24
RG-X13A	69.7	58		BD-X03	29.3	23
RG-X14A	63.0	32		BD-X04	17.2		20
RG-X15A	107.3		86	BD-X05	33.1	52
RG-X16	58.3	86		BD-X06A	89.4	40
RG-X17	43.6		29	BD-X07A	63.0	41
RG-X18	38.2		78	BD-X08A	39.5		41
RG-X19	49.3		23	BD-X09A	65.1		39
RG-X20	37.9		20	BD-X10	45.8	46
RG-X21	42.7	33		BD-X11	30.9	54
RG-X22	28.3	22		BD-X12	37.6	46
RG-X23	26.7	21		BD-X13	22.6	52
RG-X24A	111.7		34	BD-X14	29.0	56
RG-X25A	59.2		24	BD-X15	32.8		45
RG-X26	25.5		24	BD-P16	19.4	38

图2 甘蒙柽柳树轮标准年表。BD, 班多村; RG, 然果村。

Fig. 2 Tree ring standard chronologies of Tamarix austromongolicas. BD, Banduo Village; RG, Ranguo Village.

图3 班多村甘蒙柽柳生长与径流量及风速的相关及响应。左侧为甘蒙柽柳径向生长与逐月径流流量的相关及响应, 右侧为径向生长与月平均风速的相关及响应。横坐标p表示前一年的月份, 误差条表示95%置信区间。

Fig. 3 Correlation and response relationship of Tamarix austromongolica growth to monthly runoff and wind in Banduo Village. Left for the relationship between growth and runoff; Right for the relationship between growth and wind. p in the abscissa indicates the month of the previous year, and the error bars show the 95% confidence intervals.

图4 然果村甘蒙柽柳生长与径流量及风速的相关及响应。左侧为甘蒙柽柳径向生长与逐月径流流量的相关及响应, 右侧为径向生长与月平均风速的相关及响应。横坐标p表示前一年的月份, 误差条表示95%置信区间。

Fig. 4 Correlation and response relationship of Tamarix austromongolica growth to monthly runoff and wind in Ranguo Village. Left for the relationship between growth and runoff; Right for the relationship between growth and wind. p in the abscissa indicates the month of the previous year, and the error bars show the 95% confidence intervals.

图5 然果村甘蒙柽柳生长与径流流量的滑动相关。不同颜色所对应的数值表示不同的相关系数。

Fig. 5 Moving correlation between Tamarix austromongolica growth and monthly runoff. The values represented by the different colors show the different correlation coefficients.

图6 然果村甘蒙柽柳与风速的滑动相关。不同颜色所对应的数值表示不同的相关系数。

Fig. 6 Moving correlation between Tamarix austromongolica growth and monthly wind speed. The values represented by the different colors show the different correlation coefficients.

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