内蒙古山杏种群表型变异

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0172

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确内蒙古山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)种群间和种群内的表型变异程度和变异规律, 以内蒙古山杏自然分布区的13个种群的23个表型性状为研究对象, 采用巢式方差分析、多重比较、变异分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等多种分析方法, 对种群间和种群内的表型多样性及其与地理生态因子的相关性进行了讨论。研究结果表明: 内蒙古山杏的表型性状在种群间和种群内均存在丰富的变异, 种群间的变异大于种群内的变异, 表型性状的平均分化系数为73.03%, 种群间变异是山杏表型变异的主要变异来源。各性状的平均变异系数为14.28%, 变异幅度为7.01%-27.23%, 其中核的变异系数最大, 果的变异系数最小。土默特左旗万家沟种群表型多样性最丰富, 科尔沁右翼前旗察尔森种群表型多样性最小。表型性状主要受经度、年降水量以及年日照时间3个主要地理生态因子影响。通过主成分分析可以把13个种源区划为四大类, 其中乌拉山种群的叶性状和阿鲁科尔沁旗种群的核性状受地理生态因子影响最大。

关键词: 相关分析, 表型分化, 表型变异, 山杏

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to determine the variations in phenotypic traits of Armeniaca sibirica populations and their spatial patterns. Methods We used nested variation, coefficient of variation, multi-comparison, correlation analysis and principal component analysis to analyze the 23 phenotypic traits for 130 individuals in 13 populations of A. sibirica. Important findings The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic variations among and within populations. The variation was greater among populations (47.15%) than within population (16.43%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 73.03% among populations, indicating the variance among populations being the main source of the phenotypic variation. The average variation coefficient of 23 traits ranged from 7.01% to 27.23%, with an average of 14.28%. The variation coefficient of nutlet was highest (15.67%), and the variation coefficient of fruit was smallest (12.11%). The phenotypic diversity is highest in Wanjiagou Tumotezuoqi and smallest in Horqin, Right Front Banner Chaersen. Longitude, mean annual precipitation and sunshine duration were significantly correlated with major traits of phenotypic. The 13 populations could be divided into four groups according to the principal component analysis. Leaf traits of Wula Mountain and nutlet traits of Archorchin Banner were significantly correlated with ecological and geographic factors.

Key words: correlation analysis, phenotypic differentiation, phenotypic variation, Armeniaca sibirica

尹明宇, 姜仲茂, 朱绪春, 包文泉, 赵罕, 乌云塔娜. 内蒙古山杏种群表型变异. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(10): 1090-1099. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0172

Ming-Yu YIN, Zhong-Mao JIANG, Xu-Chun ZHU, Wen-Quan BAO, Han ZHAO, Tana WUYUN. High-level phenotypic variations in populations of Armeniaca sibirica in Nei Mongol, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 40(10): 1090-1099. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0172

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0172

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2016/V40/I10/1090

图/表 6

参考文献 33

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种群 Population	种群编号 Population ID	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	年日照时间 AMSD (h)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 AP (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)
扎赉特旗 JLB	P1	46.59°	122.75°	3.2	2 800	245	430	120
科尔沁右翼前旗 HRFB	P2	46.31°	121.92°	2.1	2 900	350	420	127
科尔沁右翼中旗 HRMB	P3	45.06°	121.47°	7.2	3 000	254	300	120
扎鲁特旗 JUB	P4	44.92°	121.45°	6.6	2 883	224	380	130
科尔沁左翼后旗 HLRB	P5	43.62°	122.58°	5.8	2 889	308	452	148
阿鲁科尔沁旗 AB	P6	44.62°	120.08°	5.5	2 895	1 540	375	113
巴林右旗 BRB	P7	43.42°	119.08°	4.9	3 100	730	355	125
敖汉旗 AHB	P8	42.47°	120.45°	6.0	2 885	485	385	140
克什克腾旗 HB	P9	42.47°	117.80°	2.8	2 705	1 100	430	105
卓资县 ZZC	P10	40.87°	112.80°	5.0	2 900	1 750	403	130
和林格尔县 HC	P11	40.38°	111.82°	6.2	2 942	1 160	393	118
土默特左旗万家沟 WJG	P12	40.68°	111.15°	7.2	2 952	1 008	379	133
乌拉山 WLM	P13	40.70°	109.04°	5.6	3 205	2 083	188	129

种群 Population	种群编号 Population ID	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	年日照时间 AMSD (h)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 AP (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)
扎赉特旗 JLB	P1	46.59°	122.75°	3.2	2 800	245	430	120
科尔沁右翼前旗 HRFB	P2	46.31°	121.92°	2.1	2 900	350	420	127
科尔沁右翼中旗 HRMB	P3	45.06°	121.47°	7.2	3 000	254	300	120
扎鲁特旗 JUB	P4	44.92°	121.45°	6.6	2 883	224	380	130
科尔沁左翼后旗 HLRB	P5	43.62°	122.58°	5.8	2 889	308	452	148
阿鲁科尔沁旗 AB	P6	44.62°	120.08°	5.5	2 895	1 540	375	113
巴林右旗 BRB	P7	43.42°	119.08°	4.9	3 100	730	355	125
敖汉旗 AHB	P8	42.47°	120.45°	6.0	2 885	485	385	140
克什克腾旗 HB	P9	42.47°	117.80°	2.8	2 705	1 100	430	105
卓资县 ZZC	P10	40.87°	112.80°	5.0	2 900	1 750	403	130
和林格尔县 HC	P11	40.38°	111.82°	6.2	2 942	1 160	393	118
土默特左旗万家沟 WJG	P12	40.68°	111.15°	7.2	2 952	1 008	379	133
乌拉山 WLM	P13	40.70°	109.04°	5.6	3 205	2 083	188	129

性状 Trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population
叶长 LL (mm)	2423.192	80.051	35.646	30.271^**	2.246^**
叶宽 LW (mm)	2062.260	64.959	27.330	31.747^**	2.377^**
叶柄长 PL (mm)	570.937	16.589	10.105	34.417^**	1.642^**
叶尖长 LAL (mm)	351.216	11.355	5.620	30.930^**	2.020^**
叶形指数 LSI	0.118	0.014	0.009	8.512^**	1.633^**
果纵径 FVD (mm)	110.291	4.687	2.498	23.533^**	1.876^**
果横径 FHD (mm)	126.519	3.068	1.635	41.245^**	1.877^**
果侧径 FSD (mm)	133.504	4.688	2.435	28.475^**	1.925^**
果形指数 FSI	0.057	0.009	0.004	6.575^**	2.013^**
单果质量 SFW (g)	106.972	1.444	1.196	74.088^**	1.207
核纵径 NVD (mm)	45.824	5.781	1.783	7.926^**	3.242^**
核横径 NHD (mm)	47.793	3.536	1.229	13.517^**	2.877^**
核侧径 NSD (mm)	9.934	1.153	0.392	8.615^**	2.945^**
核壳厚 ST (mm)	2.102	0.210	0.038	10.017^**	5.474^**
核形指数 NSI	0.185	0.019	0.015	9.744^**	1.255
核干质量 NDW (g)	0.614	0.038	0.018	16.132^**	2.165^**
出核率 NR	0.021	0.001	0.001	17.134^**	1.663^**
仁纵径 KVD (mm)	22.977	3.199	1.013	7.182^**	3.158^**
仁横径 KHD (mm)	32.419	2.398	0.594	13.520^**	4.035^**
仁侧径 KSD (mm)	12.430	1.190	0.419	10.444^**	2.843^**
仁形指数 KSI	0.649	0.073	0.018	8.866^**	4.007^**
仁干质量 KDW (g)	0.074	0.010	0.005	7.582^**	1.835^**
出仁率 KR	0.137	0.009	0.004	15.664^**	1.950^**

性状 Trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population
叶长 LL (mm)	2423.192	80.051	35.646	30.271^**	2.246^**
叶宽 LW (mm)	2062.260	64.959	27.330	31.747^**	2.377^**
叶柄长 PL (mm)	570.937	16.589	10.105	34.417^**	1.642^**
叶尖长 LAL (mm)	351.216	11.355	5.620	30.930^**	2.020^**
叶形指数 LSI	0.118	0.014	0.009	8.512^**	1.633^**
果纵径 FVD (mm)	110.291	4.687	2.498	23.533^**	1.876^**
果横径 FHD (mm)	126.519	3.068	1.635	41.245^**	1.877^**
果侧径 FSD (mm)	133.504	4.688	2.435	28.475^**	1.925^**
果形指数 FSI	0.057	0.009	0.004	6.575^**	2.013^**
单果质量 SFW (g)	106.972	1.444	1.196	74.088^**	1.207
核纵径 NVD (mm)	45.824	5.781	1.783	7.926^**	3.242^**
核横径 NHD (mm)	47.793	3.536	1.229	13.517^**	2.877^**
核侧径 NSD (mm)	9.934	1.153	0.392	8.615^**	2.945^**
核壳厚 ST (mm)	2.102	0.210	0.038	10.017^**	5.474^**
核形指数 NSI	0.185	0.019	0.015	9.744^**	1.255
核干质量 NDW (g)	0.614	0.038	0.018	16.132^**	2.165^**
出核率 NR	0.021	0.001	0.001	17.134^**	1.663^**
仁纵径 KVD (mm)	22.977	3.199	1.013	7.182^**	3.158^**
仁横径 KHD (mm)	32.419	2.398	0.594	13.520^**	4.035^**
仁侧径 KSD (mm)	12.430	1.190	0.419	10.444^**	2.843^**
仁形指数 KSI	0.649	0.073	0.018	8.866^**	4.007^**
仁干质量 KDW (g)	0.074	0.010	0.005	7.582^**	1.835^**
出仁率 KR	0.137	0.009	0.004	15.664^**	1.950^**

性状 Trait	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	年平均气温 AMAT	年日照时间 AMSD	海拔 Altitude	年降水量 AP	无霜期 Frost-free season
LL	0.285^*	0.449	-0.392	-0.639^*	-0.474	0.675^*	-0.177
LW	0.382	0.498	-0.406	-0.616^*	-0.577^*	0.652^*	-0.171
PL	0.287	0.409	-0.400	-0.630^*	-0.484	0.689^**	-0.267
LAL	0.397	0.578^*	-0.361	-0.589^*	-0.426	0.564^*	-0.013
LSI	-0.592	-0.571^*	0.241	0.445	0.793^**	-0.501	0.115
FVD	-0.405	-0.424	-0.095	-0.011	0.213	0.058	-0.299
FHD	-0.245	-0.229	-0.132	-0.159	0.021	0.216	-0.324
FSD	-0.184	-0.175	-0.344	-0.308	0.014	0.324	-0.372
FSI	-0.719^**	-0.770^**	0.412	0.472	0.769^**	-0.583^*	0.181
SFW	-0.332	-0.295	-0.006	-0.147	0.059	0.208	-0.177
NVD	-0.549	-0.624^*	-0.215	0.165	0.281	-0.136	-0.129
NHD	-0.151	-0.198	-0.428	-0.239	-0.085	0.161	-0.186
NSD	-0.137	-0.184	-0.404	0.088	-0.044	-0.191	-0.166
ST	-0.353	-0.519	-0.178	0.326	0.434	-0.461	-0.247
NSI	-0.146	-0.136	0.097	0.375	0.290	-0.303	0.002
NDW	-0.310	-0.443	-0.363	0.140	0.208	-0.106	-0.250
NR	0.029	-0.091	-0.044	0.568^*	0.199	-0.506	0.027
KVD	-0.145	-0.262	-0.568^*	-0.115	0.020	0.052	-0.189
KHD	0.244	0.257	-0.490	-0.430	-0.417	0.278	-0.125
KSD	0.506	0.566^*	-0.360	-0.304	-0.656^*	0.178	0.201
KSI	-0.394	-0.222	0.235	0.224	0.181	-0.209	0.336
KDW	0.049	0.060	-0.325	-0.262	-0.150	0.461	-0.156
KR	0.316	0.412	0.204	-0.234	-0.274	0.415	0.194
总计 Total	7.157	8.372	6.700	7.486	7.069	7.927	4.304