多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0056

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用两种群落分类方法——以环境梯度为分类依据的多元回归树(MRT)和多年来广泛应用的双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN), 对吕梁山南段森林群落进行了数量分类, 同时依据植物群落分类和命名原则, 对分类后的各群系进行命名, 并用吻合系数比较两种分类结果的吻合程度, 分析MRT的优劣势, 为以后选择合适的植物群落数量分类方法提供参考。结果表明: (1) MRT将41个森林样方分为4个群系, 分别为侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)群系、青榨槭(Acer davidii)群系、辽东栎(Quercus wutaishanica)群系、柿(Diospyros kaki)群系, 群系类型与TWINSPAN的分类结果相同; (2)根据群系的样方组成, 两种分类结果的吻合度较高, 吻合系数达80.5%; (3)与TWINSPAN相比, MRT同时以物种和环境信息为依据, 对有过渡性质的样方划分更为可靠。因此, 单纯从植被分类的角度来看, 尽管TWINSPAN的分类结果更客观, 但当TWINSPAN分类遇到困难时, 如在划分大样地连续样方或具有过渡性质样方时, MRT更有优势。

关键词: 吻合系数, 比较, 多元回归树, 吕梁山南段, 双向指示种分析

Abstract: Aims

Multivariate regression tree (MRT) is a new statistical technique for plant community classification. Studies on advantages of MRT were still insufficient. Our objective was to compare the results of MRT with two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), which is widely used in recent years, and to provide suggestions for choosing an appropriate classification method.

Methods

We used both MRT and TWINSPAN to classify the forest communities in the southern part of Lüliang Mountain. The MRT analysis gave a tree with the splits based on additional environmental factors. The degree of consistency between the two classifications are compared through the coherence coefficient.

Important findings

(1) MRT divided 41 forest quadrats into four formations: the Platycladus orientalis formation, Acer davidii formation, Quercus wutaishanica formation and Diospyros kaki formation. The types of the formations are consistent with the analysis results from TWINSPAN. (2) Based on the quadrats that compromise the formations, these two methodologies provided a relatively high consistency, with the coherence coefficient up to 80.5%. (3) Compared with the TWINSPAN, the MRT can be seen as a form of constrained classification analysis that can relate different aspects of species composition to environmental data, so the clusters defined by the MRT define community types of the ecotone in an objective manner not available in other techniques. Finally, the TWINSPAN is a very effective classification technique in plant ecology research. However, the MRT has advantage over the TWINSPAN in terms of classifying continuous or transitional quadrats.

Key words: coherence coefficient, comparison, multivariate regression tree, southern Lüliang Mountain, two-way indicator species analysis

张文静, 张钦弟, 王晶, 冯飞, 毕润成. 多元回归树与双向指示种分析在群落分类中的应用比较. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(6): 586-592. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0056

ZHANG Wen-Jing,ZHANG Qin-Di,WANG Jing,FENG Fei,BI Run-Cheng. A comparison of multivariate regression tree and two-way indicator species analysis in plant community classification. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(6): 586-592. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0056

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0056

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I6/586

图/表 4

图1 吕梁山南段森林群落分类相对误差及交叉验证相对误差变化图。a, 交叉验证相对误差变化趋势; b, 相对误差变化趋势; |, 标准误差; A, 根据“1-SE”规则确定的分类树规模点; Min + 1SE, 交叉验证相对误差最小值加上一个标准误差线。

Fig. 1 Resubstitution and cross-validation relative error for the multivariate regression tree in the south of Lüliang Mountain. a, change trend of cross-validated relative error; b, change trend of relative error; |, standard error; A, The tree size suggested by “1-SE”; Min + 1SE, one standard error above the minimum cross-validated relative error.

图2 吕梁山南段森林群落划分多元回归树图。5.57、2.26、4.3、6.06为各群系物种重要值的平均值。CV Error, 交叉验证相对误差; Error, 相对误差; n, 每个群系包含的样方数; SE, 标准误差。

Fig. 2 Multivariate regression tree for associations classification in the south of Lüliang Mountain.5.57, 2.26, 4.3 and 6.06 are the mean of species importance value in each formation. CV Error, relative error of cross validation; Error, relative error; n, number of quadrat in each association. SE, standard error.

图3 吕梁山南段41个样方的TWINSPAN分类树状图。D, 分类次数。

Fig. 3 Dendrogram of the TWINSPAN classification of 41 quadrats with southern Lüliang Mountain. D, division number.

表1 两种分类结果的共有样方

Table 1 The common quadrat of two kinds of classification results

分类 Classification		多元回归树 Multivariate regression tree
分类 Classification		I	II	III	IV
双向指示种分析 Two-way indicator species analysis	I	8	0	0	0
	II	0	5	0	0
	III	8	0	8	0
	IV	0	0	0	12

参考文献 27

[1]	Borcard D, Gillet F, Legendre P (2011). Numerical Ecology with R. Springer-Verlag, New York.
[2]	Cao J, Miao YM, Feng F, Xu Q, Zhang QD, Bi RC (2015). Comparison of different treatments of rare species in canonical correspondence analysis.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 39, 167-175. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[曹静, 苗艳明, 冯飞, 许强, 张钦弟, 毕润成 (2015). 稀有种不同处理对典范对应分析排序结果影响的比较. 植物生态学报, 39, 167-175.]
[3]	Cao MC, Zhou GS, Weng ES (2005). Application and comparison of generalized models and classification and regression tree in simulating tree species distribution.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 2031-2040. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[曹铭昌, 周广胜, 翁恩生 (2005). 广义模型及分类回归树在物种分布模拟中的应用与比较. 生态学报, 25, 2031-2040.]
[4]	Chen Y, Wang HL, Han JW, Wei BL, Jia HR, Ye YZ, Yuan ZL (2014). Numerical classification, ordination and species diversity along elevation gradients of the forest community in Xiaoqinling.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 2068-2075. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[陈云, 王海亮, 韩军旺, 韦博良, 贾宏汝, 叶永忠, 袁志良 (2014). 小秦岭森林群落数量分类、排序及多样性垂直格局. 生态学报, 34, 2068-2075.]
[5]	Cheng RM, Xiao WF (2008). Quantitative classification and ordination of the forest communities in three gorges reservoir area.Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 44(4), 20-27. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[程瑞梅, 肖文发 (2008). 三峡库区森林植物群落数量分类与排序. 林业科学, 44(4), 20-27.]
[6]	De’Ath G (2002). Multivariate regression trees: A new technique for modeling species-environment relationships.Ecology, 83, 1105-1117.
[7]	Feng F, Bi RC, Zhang QD (2014a). Effects of biodiversity on different vegetation landscape districts under tourism disturbance on Yunqiu Mountain.Ecological Science, 33, 134-140. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[冯飞, 毕润成, 张钦弟 (2014a). 旅游干扰对云丘山不同植被景观区物种多样性的影响. 生态科学, 33, 134-140.]
[8]	Feng F, Zhang QD, Bai C, Bi RC (2014b). Interspecific relationship of dominant shrub species in Yunqiu Mountain area.Guihaia, 34, 62-67. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[冯飞, 张钦弟, 白聪, 毕润成 (2014b). 云丘山地区灌木群落优势种数量关系. 广西植物, 34, 62-67.]
[9]	Guo DG, Shangguan TL (2005). Quantitative classification and ordination of plant communities in midpiece of Zhongtiao Mountains.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 23, 444-448. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[郭东罡, 上官铁梁 (2005). 中条山中段植物群落数量分类与排序研究. 武汉植物学研究, 23, 444-448.]
[10]	Huang FZ, Wang B, Ding T, Xiang WS, Li XK, Zhou AP (2014). Numerical classification of associations in a northern tropical karst seasonal rain forest and the relationships of these associations with environmental factors.Biodiversity Science, 22, 157-166. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[黄甫昭, 王斌, 丁涛, 向悟生, 李先琨, 周爱萍 (2014). 弄岗北热带喀斯特季节性雨林群系数量分类及与环境的关系. 生物多样性, 22, 157-166.]
[11]	Jiang H, Hang JH, Chen LZ, Yang ZY, Yang XQ (1994). DCA ordination, quantitative classification and environmental interpretation of plant communities in Donglin mountain.Acta Botanica Sinica, 36, 539-551. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[江洪, 黄建辉, 陈灵芝, 杨朝阳, 杨小秋 (1994). 东灵山植物群落的排序、数量分类与环境解释. 植物学报, 36, 539-551.]
[12]	Lai JS, Mi XC, Ren HB, Ma KP (2010). Numerical classification of associations in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest based on multivariate regression trees―A case study of 24 hm2 Gutianshan forest plot in China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 761-769. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[赖江山, 米湘成, 任海保, 马克平 (2010). 基于多元回归树的常绿阔叶林群丛数量分类——以古田山24公顷森林样地为例. 植物生态学报, 34, 761-769.]
[13]	Li JP, Guo DG, Zhang QH, Shangguan TL (2008). Ecological gradients of plant communities in south Luliang Mountains of Shanxi.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 27, 1841-1846. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李晋鹏, 郭东罡, 张秋华, 上官铁梁 (2008). 山西吕梁山南段植物群落的生态梯度. 生态学杂志, 27, 1841-1846.]
[14]	Li JP, Shangguan TL, Meng DP, Guo DG, Ma XY, Xu JH (2007). Numerical taxonomy and ranking analysis on plant communities in south of the Luliang Mountains, Shanxi.Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 13, 615-619. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[李晋鹏, 上官铁梁, 孟东平, 郭东罡, 马晓勇, 徐建红 (2007). 山西吕梁山南段植物群落的数量分类和排序研究. 应用与环境生物学报, 13, 615-619.]
[15]	Liu QF, Kang YM, Liu QR (2006). Quantitative classification and environmental interpretation of forest tree species in Hungou, Zhongtiao mountain. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 30, 383-391. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘秋锋, 康慕谊, 刘全儒 (2006). 中条山混沟地区森林乔木种的数量分类与环境解释. 植物生态学报, 30, 383-391.]
[16]	Ma ZQ (2001). Shanxi Vegetation. Science and Technology of China Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[马子清 (2001). 山西植被. 中国科学技术出版社, 北京.]
[17]	Wu CL (1991). Classification and ordination of tropical limestone seasonal forest of Guangxi.Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica, 15, 17-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[吴春林 (1991). 广西热带石灰岩季节雨林分类与排序. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 15, 17-26.]
[18]	Wu ZY (1980). Vegetation of China. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[吴征镒 (1980). 中国植被. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[19]	Xie YH (2007). The application of the classification and regression tree based on the package rpart in R-Lamguage.Statistics & Information Forum, 22(5), 67-70. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[谢益辉 (2007). 基于R软件rpart包的分类与回归树应用. 统计与信息论坛, 22(5), 67-70.]
[20]	Yu M, Zhou ZY, Kang FF, Ouyang S, Mi XC, Sun JX (2013). Gradient analysis and environmental interpretation of understory herb-layer communities in Xiaoshegou of Lingkong Mountain, Shanxi, China.Journal of Plant Ecology, 37, 373-383. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[余敏, 周志勇, 康峰峰, 欧阳帅, 米湘成, 孙建新 (2013). 山西灵空山小蛇沟林下草本层植物群落梯度分析及环境解释. 植物生态学报, 37, 373-383.]
[21]	Zhang D, Zhang YX, Qu LY, Ma KM, Dai SD (2012). Effects of slope position on soil microbial biomass of Quercus liaotungensis forest in Dongling Mountain.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 6412-6421.(in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张地, 张育新, 曲来叶, 马克明, 戴斯迪 (2012). 坡位对东灵山辽东栎林土壤微生物量的影响. 生态学报, 32, 6412-6421.]
[22]	Zhang JT (1994). A comparison of C-means algorithm clustering and TWINSPAN in vegetation classification.Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 12, 11-17. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张金屯 (1994). 模糊C-均值聚类和TWINSPAN分类的比较研究. 武汉植物学研究, 12, 11-17.]
[23]	Zhang JT (2004). Quantitative Ecology. Science Press, Beijing. (in Chinese)
	[张金屯 (2004). 数量生态学. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[24]	Zhang LQ (1987). Numerical classification and ordination of flood land meadow vegetation.Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica, 11, 171-182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张利权 (1987). 瑞典河漫滩草甸植被的数量分类和排序. 植物生态学与地植物学学报, 11, 171-182.]
[25]	Zhang QD, Zhang JT, Suriguga, Zhang B, Cheng JJ, Tian SG (2011). Self-organizing feature map classification and ordination of Larix principis-rupprechtii forest in Pangquangou Nature Reserve.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31, 2990-2998. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张钦弟, 张金屯, 苏日古嘎, 张斌, 程佳佳, 田世广 (2011). 庞泉沟自然保护区华北落叶松林的自组织特征映射网络分类与排序. 生态学报, 31, 2990-2998.]
[26]	Zhang R, Liu T (2012). Plant species diversity and community classification in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32, 6056-6066. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张荣, 刘彤 (2012). 古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物多样性及群落分类. 生态学报, 32, 6056-6066.]
[27]	Zhang XP, Li ZQ, Wang MB, Wang XG (2014). Classification and ordination of grassland landscape in the Shanxi Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 3386-3395. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[张先平, 李志琴, 王孟本, 王小岗 (2014). 山西高原草地景观的数量分类与排序. 生态学报, 34, 3386-3395.]