植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 415-426.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00043

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

海南岛热带低地雨林刀耕火种弃耕地自然恢复过程中的群落构建

黄运峰1,路兴慧1,臧润国1,*(),丁易1,龙文兴2,王进强3,杨民3,黄运天3   

  1. 1中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091
    2海南大学热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室, 园艺园林学院, 海口 570228
    3海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区管理局, 海南昌江 572722
  • 发布日期:2013-05-16
  • 通讯作者: 臧润国
  • 基金资助:
    “十二五”科技支撑项目(2012BAD22- B0103);中国林业科学研究院生态环境与保护研究所所长基金(CAFRIFEEP201103)

Community assembly during recovery of tropical lowland rain forest from abandoned shifting cultivation lands on Hainan Island, China

HUANG Yun-Feng1,LU Xing-Hui1,ZANG Run-Guo1,*(),DING Yi1,LONG Wen-Xing2,WANG Jin-Qiang3,YANG Min3,HUANG Yun-Tian3   

  1. 1Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China
    2Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscapes, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
    3Administration Bureau of Hainan Bawangling National Natural Reserve, Changjiang, Hainan 572722, China
  • Published:2013-05-16
  • Contact: ZANG Run-Guo

摘要:

研究群落构建机制是群落生态学的一个重要目标, 群落动态过程中的构建规律对于了解群落演替机理有重要的作用。该文以海南岛刀耕火种干扰后自然恢复的10 hm 2热带低地雨林为研究对象, 通过比较不同恢复阶段的次生林(15年、30年和60年)和老龄林在幼苗、幼树和成年树群落的物种组成, 揭示次生演替过程中的群落构建规律。研究结果表明, 老龄林中不同径级群落的物种多样性及不同径级间的物种相似度显著高于各恢复阶段的次生林, 但优势种在群落中的比例低于各恢复阶段的次生林。随着自然恢复过程的进行, 次生林群落物种组成与老龄林的相似性也逐渐增大, 支持演替平衡理论。所有恢复阶段样地中幼苗的个体、物种丰富度和基于多度涵盖估计量(ACE)都低于幼树和成年树群落, 幼苗层物种组成与幼树、成年树也有较大差异, 说明新增到幼苗群落可能是一个难于预测的过程。研究结果说明了确定过程和随机过程共同决定了次生演替的群落构建。

关键词: 年龄序列, 群落构建, 群落演替, 海南岛, 次生林, 刀耕火种, 热带雨林

Abstract:

Aims A major challenge in studies of tropical forest successional dynamics is to reveal the relative importance of deterministic versus stochastic processes affecting species composition, spatial distributions and their rates of change. Here, we tested succession trajectory of tropical secondary forests follow equilibrium or non-equilibrium dynamics by evaluating community reassembly for tropical lowland rainforest recovery on the abandoned shifting cultivation lands on Hainan Island of south China.
Methods We explored species composition and dominance of different size classes (seedlings, saplings and adult trees) of communities along a chronosequence of secondary forest plots ranging from 15 to 60 years since abandonment after shifting cultivation. We included two old-growth forest plots for comparison.
Important findings Both species diversity for the three size classes and the species similarity index among size classes in old-growth forests were significantly higher than in secondary forests. However, the proportion of dominant species in old-growth community was lower than that of secondary forests. Species similarity between secondary forests and old-growth forests increased with forest recovery, supporting the view of equilibrium succession dynamics. In each recovery stage, the number of individuals, species richness and abundance-based coverage estimator of seedlings were lower than those of both saplings and adult trees. Moreover, the species composition of seedlings in secondary forests differed significantly from that of both saplings and adult trees, suggesting that seedling recruitment might be an unpredictable process. Our results highlighted that the community assembly processes during secondary forest recovery are driven simultaneously by stochastic and deterministic processes.

Key words: chronosequence, community assembly, community succession, Hainan Island, secondary forest, shifting cultivation, tropical rain forest