四川省甘孜藏族自治州高寒矮灌丛生物量分配及其碳密度的估算

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00032

植物生态学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 355-365.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00032

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：群落生态学

四川省甘孜藏族自治州高寒矮灌丛生物量分配及其碳密度的估算

高巧¹^,², 阳小成¹, 尹春英², 刘庆²^,^*()

¹成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院, 成都 610059
²中国科学院成都生物研究所, 中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室, 生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室, 成都 610041

收稿日期:2013-10-11 接受日期:2014-01-17 出版日期:2014-10-11 发布日期:2014-04-08
通讯作者: 刘庆
作者简介:*(E-mail:liuqing@cib.ac.cn)
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项——应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题(XDA05050303)

Estimation of biomass allocation and carbon density in alpine dwarf shrubs in Garzê Zangzu Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, China

GAO Qiao¹^,², YANG Xiao-Cheng¹, YIN Chun-Ying², LIU Qing²^,^*()

¹College of Material and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
²Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

Received:2013-10-11 Accepted:2014-01-17 Online:2014-10-11 Published:2014-04-08
Contact: LIU Qing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌丛面积增加引起的碳储量增加被认为是我国陆地生态系统碳储量增加的主要原因, 是陆地生态系统碳汇研究中一个最不确定的因素。为了揭示高寒矮灌丛生物量在不同器官、不同层片的分配规律和估算高寒矮灌丛生物量碳密度, 该文对青藏高原东缘海拔3500-4650 m的14个灌丛群落进行了研究。结果表明: 1)研究区域灌木层平均生物量为(5.38 ± 3.30) Mg·hm^-2; 不同灌丛类型灌木层生物量存在显著差异, 亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛灌木层平均生物量为(7.28 ± 4.96) Mg·hm^-2, 亚高山革叶灌丛灌木层平均生物量为(4.32 ± 1.36) Mg·hm^-2; 个体形态和群落结构指标与亚高山灌丛单位面积生物量存在显著相关关系, 但这种相关关系是建立在多个群落结构因子基础上的, 单个群落结构因子不足以解释生物量的变化规律; 不同灌丛类型的生物量分配规律存在显著差异, 表现为高寒生境条件下亚高山灌丛将更多的光合产物分配到植物的根部。2)灌丛群落平均总生物量为(6.41 ± 3.86) Mg·hm^-2, 灌木层生物量占群落总生物量的(83.18 ± 8.14)%; 灌木层生物量与草本层生物量、凋落物层生物量、灌丛群落总生物量之间均存在显著相关性(p < 0.05), 灌木层各器官生物量与群落总生物量之间也存在极显著的相关性(p < 0.01), 故可以建立生物量模型。3)采用生物量转换因子法从14个调查群落获得的该区域灌丛平均生物量碳密度为(3.20 ± 1.93) Mg·hm^-2。

关键词: 高寒灌丛, 生物量, 碳密度, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Aims Shrub recovery is identified as a major cause of an increase in carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems in China, and yet there is a great uncertainty in the contribution of shrubs to the carbon sink. Our objectives were to determine the biomass allocation pattern and carbon density in alpine shrubs.
Methods We conducted investigations in 14 shrub communities in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, at 3500 m above sea level. Plant samples were collected from each plot and measured for biomass in leaves, branches and stems, and roots in laboratory; the data were used to analyze the biomass allocation and carbon density.
Important findings The mean biomass was (5.38 ± 3.30) Mg·hm^-2 in the shrub layer. There were significant differences in biomass between different shrub types, with the mean of (7.28 ± 4.96) Mg·hm^-2 for the broadleaved deciduous shrubs and (4.32 ± 1.36) Mg·hm^-2 for the leathery-leaved shrubs. The indicators of individual feature and community structure were significantly correlated with biomass per unit land area. However, these relationships were developed based on multiple community structure factors; any single factor alone was insufficient to explain the patterns of biomass variations. The patterns of biomass allocation differed significantly between different shrub types. In this study, there was more allocation of photosynthetic products to roots. The mean total community biomass was (6.41 ± 3.86) Mg·hm^-2 and the shrub layer accounted for (83.18 ± 8.14)% of the total community biomass. There were significant correlations (p < 0.05) between shrub layer biomass and herb layer biomass, between shrub layer biomass and litter layer biomass, and between shrub layer biomass and the total community biomass. The biomass of various organs were also significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the total community biomass. The mean biomass carbon density of the shrubs was estimated at (3.20 ± 1.93) Mg·hm^-2 across the 14 communities by using biomass conversion factor method.

Key words: alpine shrubs, biomass, carbon density, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

高巧, 阳小成, 尹春英, 刘庆. 四川省甘孜藏族自治州高寒矮灌丛生物量分配及其碳密度的估算. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(4): 355-365. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00032

GAO Qiao, YANG Xiao-Cheng, YIN Chun-Ying, LIU Qing. Estimation of biomass allocation and carbon density in alpine dwarf shrubs in Garzê Zangzu Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(4): 355-365. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00032

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00032

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I4/355

图/表 9

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样地编号 Plot ID	调查地区 Location	群落类型 Community type	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope gradient (o)	坡向 Slope aspect (o)
1	色达县 Sêrtar County	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	31.85o	100.73o	3 535	21	35
2	炉霍县 Luhuo County	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	31.62o	100.23o	3 847	20	340
3	甘孜县 Garzê County	迟花矮柳-硬叶柳 Salix oreinoma-Salix sclerophylla	31.55o	99.98o	3 785	16	95
4	甘孜县 Garzê County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	31.45o	99.97o	4 198	11	340
5	甘孜县 Garzê County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	31.42o	99.97o	4 543	20	265
6	新龙县 Xinlong County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	31.38o	99.92o	4 115	18	342
7	德格县 Dêgê County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	31.88o	99.03o	4 122	5	190
8	白玉县 Baiyu County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	31.22o	99.85o	4 561	17	237
9	甘孜县 Garzê County	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	31.45o	99.97o	4 212	19	36
10	新龙县 Xinlong County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	31.40o	99.95o	4 636	17	243
11	炉霍县 Luhuo County	巴郎柳-川滇柳 Salix sphaeronymphe-Salix rehderiana	31.72o	100.72o	3 697	26	40
12	道孚县 Dawu County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	30.55o	101.58o	3 915	10	18
13	道孚县 Dawu County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	30.53o	101.58o	3 947	25	357
14	康定县 Kangding County	草原杜鹃-头花杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium-Rhododendron capitatum	30.08o	101.80o	4 214	0	180

样地编号 Plot ID	调查地区 Location	群落类型 Community type	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope gradient (o)	坡向 Slope aspect (o)
1	色达县 Sêrtar County	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	31.85o	100.73o	3 535	21	35
2	炉霍县 Luhuo County	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	31.62o	100.23o	3 847	20	340
3	甘孜县 Garzê County	迟花矮柳-硬叶柳 Salix oreinoma-Salix sclerophylla	31.55o	99.98o	3 785	16	95
4	甘孜县 Garzê County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	31.45o	99.97o	4 198	11	340
5	甘孜县 Garzê County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	31.42o	99.97o	4 543	20	265
6	新龙县 Xinlong County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	31.38o	99.92o	4 115	18	342
7	德格县 Dêgê County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	31.88o	99.03o	4 122	5	190
8	白玉县 Baiyu County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	31.22o	99.85o	4 561	17	237
9	甘孜县 Garzê County	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	31.45o	99.97o	4 212	19	36
10	新龙县 Xinlong County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	31.40o	99.95o	4 636	17	243
11	炉霍县 Luhuo County	巴郎柳-川滇柳 Salix sphaeronymphe-Salix rehderiana	31.72o	100.72o	3 697	26	40
12	道孚县 Dawu County	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	30.55o	101.58o	3 915	10	18
13	道孚县 Dawu County	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	30.53o	101.58o	3 947	25	357
14	康定县 Kangding County	草原杜鹃-头花杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium-Rhododendron capitatum	30.08o	101.80o	4 214	0	180

样地编号 Plot ID	灌木层优势种 Dominant species in shrub layer	灌木层优势种盖度 Dominant species coverage in shrub layer (%)	灌木层伴生种 Companion species in shrub layer	灌木层伴生种盖度 Companion species coverage in shrub layer (%)
1	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	45	金露梅 Potentilla fruticasa	20
2	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	50	迟花矮柳 Salix oreinoma	8
3	迟花矮柳、硬叶柳 Salix oreinoma, Salix sclerophylla	50	高山绣线菊、金露梅 Spiraea alpina, Potentilla fruticasa	5
4	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	50	迟花矮柳、金露梅 Salix oreinoma, Potentilla fruticasa	10
5	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	65	头花杜鹃 Rhododendron capitatum	8
6	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	55	高山绣线菊、迟花矮柳 Spiraea alpina, Salix oreinoma	17
7	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	55	迟花矮柳、高山绣线菊、金露梅 Salix oreinoma, Spiraea alpina, Potentilla fruticasa	12
8	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	80	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	5
9	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	58	高山绣线菊、迟花矮柳、金露梅 Spiraea alpina, Salix oreinoma, Potentilla fruticasa	27
10	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	80	-	-
11	巴郎柳、川滇柳 Salix sphaeronymphe, Salix rehderiana	70	-	-
12	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	22	-	-
13	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	40	-	-
14	草原杜鹃、头花杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium, Rhododendron capitatum	65	-	-

样地编号 Plot ID	灌木层优势种 Dominant species in shrub layer	灌木层优势种盖度 Dominant species coverage in shrub layer (%)	灌木层伴生种 Companion species in shrub layer	灌木层伴生种盖度 Companion species coverage in shrub layer (%)
1	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	45	金露梅 Potentilla fruticasa	20
2	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	50	迟花矮柳 Salix oreinoma	8
3	迟花矮柳、硬叶柳 Salix oreinoma, Salix sclerophylla	50	高山绣线菊、金露梅 Spiraea alpina, Potentilla fruticasa	5
4	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	50	迟花矮柳、金露梅 Salix oreinoma, Potentilla fruticasa	10
5	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	65	头花杜鹃 Rhododendron capitatum	8
6	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	55	高山绣线菊、迟花矮柳 Spiraea alpina, Salix oreinoma	17
7	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	55	迟花矮柳、高山绣线菊、金露梅 Salix oreinoma, Spiraea alpina, Potentilla fruticasa	12
8	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	80	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	5
9	窄叶鲜卑花 Sibiraea angustata	58	高山绣线菊、迟花矮柳、金露梅 Spiraea alpina, Salix oreinoma, Potentilla fruticasa	27
10	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	80	-	-
11	巴郎柳、川滇柳 Salix sphaeronymphe, Salix rehderiana	70	-	-
12	千里香杜鹃 Rhododendron thymifolium	22	-	-
13	草原杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium	40	-	-
14	草原杜鹃、头花杜鹃 Rhododendron telmateium, Rhododendron capitatum	65	-	-

自变量 Independent variable	因变量 Dependent variable	n	模型 Model	R²	F值 F value	p值 p value
亚高山革叶灌丛与亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛 Combined subalpine leathery-leaved shrubs and subalpine broadleaved deciduous shrubs
叶生物量 LB	茎生物量 SB	14	SB = 3.168 × LB	0.849	67.469	< 0.001
叶生物量 LB	根生物量 RB	14	RB = 1.021 + 2.243 × LB	0.167	2.407	0.147
叶生物量 LB	灌木层生物量 SLB	14	SLB = 1.022 + 6.411 × LB	0.567	15.723	0.002
茎生物量 SB	根生物量 RB	14	RB = 0.841 + 0.792 × SB	0.246	3.914	0.071
茎生物量 SB	灌木层生物量 SLB	14	SLB = 0.944 + 2.060 × SB	0.692	26.943	< 0.001
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	根生物量 RB	14	RB = 0.830 + 0.606 × SAGB	0.233	3.651	0.080
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	灌木层生物量 SLB	14	SLB = 0.830 + 1.606 × SAGB	0.681	25.661	< 0.001
根生物量 RB	灌木层生物量 SLB	14	SLB = 1.853 + 1.385 × RB	0.797	47.212	< 0.001
亚高山革叶灌丛 Subalpine leathery-leaved shrubs
叶生物量 LB	茎生物量 SB	9	SB = -0.058 + 2.959 × LB	0.864	44.363	< 0.001
叶生物量 LB	根生物量 RB	9	RB = 2.271 - 0.817 × LB	0.240	2.209	0.181
叶生物量 LB	灌木层生物量 SLB	9	SLB = 2.213 + 3.142 × LB	0.817	31.288	0.001
茎生物量 SB	根生物量 RB	9	RB = 2.305 - 0.302 × SB	0.332	3.486	0.104
茎生物量 SB	灌木层生物量 SLB	9	SLB = 2.414 + 0.990 × SB	0.822	32.340	0.001
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	根生物量 RB	9	RB = 2.314 - 0.228 × SAGB	0.317	3.250	0.114
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	灌木层生物量 SLB	9	SLB = 2.314 + 0.772 × SAGB	0.843	37.457	< 0.001
根生物量 RB	灌木层生物量 SLB	9	SLB = 5.001 - 0.393 × RB	0.036	0.259	0.626
亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛 Subalpine broadleaved deciduous shrubs
叶生物量 LB	茎生物量 SB	5	SB = 0.153 + 3.464 × LB	0.928	38.572	0.008
叶生物量 LB	根生物量 RB	5	RB = -0.947 + 7.167 × LB	0.976	122.690	0.002
叶生物量 LB	灌木层生物量 SLB	5	SLB = -0.793 + 11.631 × LB	0.998	1 597.000	< 0.001
茎生物量 SB	根生物量 RB	5	RB = -0.690 + 1.845 × SB	0.836	15.345	0.030
茎生物量 SB	灌木层生物量 SLB	5	SLB = -0.681 + 3.113 × SB	0.925	36.742	0.009
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	根生物量 RB	5	RB = -0.808 + 1.487 × SAGB	0.877	21.374	0.019
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	灌木层生物量 SLB	5	SLB = -0.808 + 2.487 × SAGB	0.952	59.773	0.004
根生物量 RB	灌木层生物量 SLB	5	SLB = 0.877 + 1.590 × RB	0.981	155.382	0.001

四川省甘孜藏族自治州高寒矮灌丛生物量分配及其碳密度的估算

Estimation of biomass allocation and carbon density in alpine dwarf shrubs in Garzê Zangzu Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, China

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自变量 Independent variable	因变量 Dependent variable	n	模型 Model	R²	F值 F value	p值 p value
灌木层生物量 SLB	草本层生物量 HLB	14	HLB = 0.123 + 0.127 × SLB	0.421	8.731	0.012
灌木层生物量 SLB	凋落物层生物量 LLB	14	LLB = 0.056 + 0.030 × SLB	0.330	5.910	0.032
灌木层生物量 SLB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 0.179 + 1.157 × SLB	0.979	567.554	< 0.001
草本层生物量 HLB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 2.798 + 4.468 × HLB	0.560	15.282	0.002
凋落物层生物量 LLB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 3.336 + 14.053 × LLB	0.401	8.028	0.015
叶生物量 LB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 1.624 + 7.034 × LB	0.499	11.960	0.005
茎生物量 SB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 1.391 + 2.329 × SB	0.646	21.943	0.001
根生物量 RB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 2.235 + 1.638 × RB	0.815	52.796	< 0.001
灌木层地上生物量 SAGB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 1.294 + 1.804 × SAGB	0.629	20.334	0.001

自变量 Independent variable	因变量 Dependent variable	n	模型 Model	R²	F值 F value	p值 p value
亚高山革叶灌丛与亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛 Combined subalpine leathery-leaved shrubs and subalpine broadleaved deciduous shrubs
地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	14	BGB = 0.612 + 0.761 × AGB	0.324	5.765	0.033
地上生物量 AGB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 0.719 + 1.796 × AGB	0.708	29.093	< 0.001
地下生物量 BGB	总生物量 TB	14	TB = 1.951 + 1.474 × BGB	0.851	68.631	< 0.001
亚高山革叶灌丛 Subalpine leathery-leaved shrubs
地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	9	BGB = 2.784 - 0.235 × AGB	0.296	2.946	0.130
地上生物量 AGB	总生物量 TB	9	TB = 2.978 + 0.752 × AGB	0.790	26.324	0.001
地下生物量 BGB	总生物量 TB	9	TB = 5.547 - 0.198 × BGB	0.010	0.073	0.795
亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛 Subalpine broadleaved deciduous shrubs
地上生物量 AGB	地下生物量 BGB	5	BGB = -1.184 + 1.572 × AGB	0.932	41.014	0.008
地上生物量 AGB	总生物量 TB	5	TB = -1.107 + 2.640 × AGB	0.974	112.184	0.002
地下生物量 BGB	总生物量 TB	5	TB = 1.100 + 1.632 × BGB	0.988	240.323	0.001

	灌木层碳密度 Shrub layer carbon density			草本层碳密度 Herb layer carbon density	凋落物层碳密度 Litter layer carbon density	总碳密度 Total carbon density
	根碳密度 Root carbon density	茎碳密度 Stem carbon density	叶碳密度 Leaf carbon density	草本层碳密度 Herb layer carbon density	凋落物层碳密度 Litter layer carbon density	总碳密度 Total carbon density
地上部分碳密度 Aboveground carbon density		1.08 (0.67)	0.34 (0.19)	0.17 (0.11)		1.58 (0.90)
地下部分碳密度 Belowground carbon density	1.27 (1.06)			0.24 (0.21)		1.51 (1.21)
总碳密度 Total carbon density	2.69 (1.65)			0.40 (0.32)	0.11 (0.09)	3.20 (1.93)

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