植物功能性状权衡关系的研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物功能性状权衡关系反映了植物在资源获取与分配中采取的不同策略, 是近年来生态学研究的一个热点问题。该综述从研究范围、叶性状、器官和植物类群4个方面入手, 简要介绍植物功能性状关系研究在近10余年是如何在叶经济谱(LES)的基础上逐渐扩展和深入的。1)相关研究拓展到全球更多极端环境与特殊气候地区, 发现在不同的气候环境条件下, 植物叶片功能性状关系相对稳定, 植物种内的功能性状关系已被证实与LES相似; 2)功能性状网络从最初的6个经济性状扩展到叶片的分解、燃烧和水力等性状, 发现叶片的分解速率和可燃性均与叶片形态性状、养分含量等显著相关, 但叶片水力性状与经济性状的关系则取决于所研究的物种及生存环境的水分条件; 3)研究对象从植物叶片拓展到了根、茎、花、种子及植株整体, 叶片的比叶质量与茎的木质密度、种子大小相耦合, 但叶片形态性状与根和花的相关性状却无显著相关关系, 证明这些器官可能是独立进化的; 4) LES可以很好地解释特殊维管植物的生存适应策略: 入侵植物具有较高的资源利用效率和更快的相对生长速率, 在LES中处于“低投入-快速回报”的一端; 食虫植物的叶片特化为捕食器官, 光合作用及生长速率相对较低, 居于LES “高投入-缓慢回报”的另一端, 此外, 无论是最古老的种子植物苏铁属(Cycas)植物, 或是蕨类和变水植物(苔藓和地衣), 其功能性状关系都与LES大致相同。该文梳理了功能性状关系研究的进展脉络, 提出了一些建议, 期望为未来植物功能性状关系研究的选题和发展提供一些参考。

关键词: 功能性状, 叶经济谱, 尺度, 环境, 器官, 植物类群

Abstract:

Trade-offs among different plant functional traits reflect the different strategies of plants in resource acquisition and allocation and have been a hot topic in ecological research in recent years. Starting from research scales, leaf traits, organs, and plant groups, this review briefly introduces how the study of trait relationships has gradually expanded and deepened based on the leaf economic spectrum (LES) in recent decades. 1) Relevant studies have been focused on the species living in extremely harsh environments. LES is relatively stable along environmental gradients studied. Both intra- and inter-specific leaf trait relationships are similar. 2) Leaf decomposition rate and flammability are significantly related to the morphological traits and nutrient contents. The relationship between leaf economic traits and hydraulic traits depends on environmental water availability. 3) Leaf mass per area is coupled with wood density and seed size. However, the morphological traits of leaf are not related to relevant traits of root and flower, indicating that these organs may have evolved independently. 4) LES can well explain the growth/survival strategies of some special vascular plants: invasive plants have relatively high resource use efficiencies and fast relative growth rates, locating on the “low investment-quick returns” end in LES. In contrast, the leaves of the carnivorous plants are capable of catching prey, but have relatively low photosynthetic and growth rates, distributing on the other end of LES. Besides, LES pertains to not only the oldest seed plant cycads but also ferns and poikilohydric plants (bryophytes and lichens). This review summarizes the research progress of this topic and presents some suggestions, hoping to provide some new insights for future studies.

Key words: functional traits, leaf economics spectrum, scale, environment, organ, plant group

何芸雨, 郭水良, 王喆. 植物功能性状权衡关系的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(12): 1021-1035. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0122

HE Yun-Yu, GUO Shui-Liang, WANG Zhe. Research progress of trade-off relationships of plant functional traits. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(12): 1021-1035. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0122

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I12/1021

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中文 Chinese	英文 English	缩写 Abbreviation	参考文献 Reference
叶寿命	Leaf life span	LL	Wright et al., 2004
比叶质量	Leaf mass per area	LMA	Wright et al., 2004
最大光合能力	Maximum assimilation rate	A	Wright et al., 2004
暗呼吸速率	Dark respiration rate	R_d	Wright et al., 2004
比叶面积	Specific leaf area	SLA	Feng & Dietze, 2013
叶干物质含量	Leaf dry matter content	LDMC	Freschet et al., 2010
种子质量	Seed mass	SM	Pierce et al., 2014
种子数量	Seed number	SN	Pierce et al., 2014
水力导度	Hydraulic conductance	K	Sack et al., 2013
气孔导度	Stomatal conductance	g_s	Sack et al., 2013
叶脉密度	Vein length per unit leaf area	VLA	Sack et al., 2013
气孔密度	Stomatal density	SD	Sack et al., 2013
木质密度	Wood density	WD	Chave et al., 2009
比根长	Specific root length	SRL	Luke McCormack et al., 2012
花寿命	Flower longevity	FL	Zhang et al., 2017a
花面积	Flower area	FA	Zhang et al., 2017a

中文 Chinese	英文 English	缩写 Abbreviation	参考文献 Reference
叶寿命	Leaf life span	LL	Wright et al., 2004
比叶质量	Leaf mass per area	LMA	Wright et al., 2004
最大光合能力	Maximum assimilation rate	A	Wright et al., 2004
暗呼吸速率	Dark respiration rate	R_d	Wright et al., 2004
比叶面积	Specific leaf area	SLA	Feng & Dietze, 2013
叶干物质含量	Leaf dry matter content	LDMC	Freschet et al., 2010
种子质量	Seed mass	SM	Pierce et al., 2014
种子数量	Seed number	SN	Pierce et al., 2014
水力导度	Hydraulic conductance	K	Sack et al., 2013
气孔导度	Stomatal conductance	g_s	Sack et al., 2013
叶脉密度	Vein length per unit leaf area	VLA	Sack et al., 2013
气孔密度	Stomatal density	SD	Sack et al., 2013
木质密度	Wood density	WD	Chave et al., 2009
比根长	Specific root length	SRL	Luke McCormack et al., 2012
花寿命	Flower longevity	FL	Zhang et al., 2017a
花面积	Flower area	FA	Zhang et al., 2017a