种植密度对苜蓿生长及生物量的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0157

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 248-256.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0157

种植密度对苜蓿生长及生物量的影响

冯银平^1,²,沈海花^1,²,罗永开^1,²,徐龙超^1,²,刘上石^1,²,朱言坤^1,²,赵梦颖^1,²,邢爱军^1,²,方精云^1,^2,^3,^*()

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2019-06-25 接受日期:2020-02-20 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2020-07-31
通讯作者: 方精云
基金资助:
中国科学院科技服务网络计划重点项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-004);中国科学院科技服务网络计划重点项目(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-056)

Effects of planting density on growth and biomass of Medicago sativa

FENG Yin-Ping^1,²,SHEN Hai-Hua^1,²,LUO Yong-Kai^1,²,XU Long-Chao^1,²,LIU Shang-Shi^1,²,ZHU Yan-Kun^1,²,ZHAO Meng-Ying^1,²,XING Ai-Jun^1,²,FANG Jing-Yun^1,^2,^3,^*()

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2019-06-25 Accepted:2020-02-20 Online:2020-03-20 Published:2020-07-31
Contact: Jing-Yun FANG
Supported by:
Key Program of Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-004);Key Program of Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-056)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种植密度作为影响作物产量和品质的重要因素, 会造成植物对于光照、水分和养分的竞争。为研究种植密度对苜蓿生长与产量的影响, 在日光温室环境下, 以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为材料, 设置25、100、400、800、1 500、2 000株·m ^-2, 共6个种植密度, 对紫花苜蓿的种群密度和生长状况进行了观测。结果表明, 各处理播种后15天的平均种植密度分别为25、100、373、745、1 255、1 938株·m ^-2; 随着紫花苜蓿的生长, 除了低密度(25、100株·m ^-2)处理没有发生植株数量的变化外, 其余4个密度处理植株数量均有所减少, 即发生不同程度的自疏, 至第二茬收获时(播种后第187天)种群数量分别减少为297、571、759、839株·m ^-2。植株个体的株高、基径和分枝数量随着现存密度的增加呈指数下降; 个体生物量与现存密度的关系满足竞争密度效应的幂函数关系, 即随着密度的增加而减小。紫花苜蓿单位面积地上生物量符合最终产量恒定法则, 然而, 随着密度的增加, 地下生物量有先增加后减小的趋势。

关键词: 种植密度, 紫花苜蓿, 生长, 生物量

Abstract:

Aims- Planting density, as one of the most important factors affecting crop yield and quality, will result in plant competition for light, water and nutrients. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of planting density on growth and yield of Medicago sativa population.
Methods The population density experiments of M. sativa was conducted in a greenhouse with six planting densities, i.e. 25, 100, 400, 800, 1 500 and 2 000 plants·m ^-2. At each plot, we measured plant height, basal diameter, branch number, biomass, and number of survivors.
Important findings The results showed that the average planting density was 25, 100, 373, 745, 1 255 and 1 938 plants·m ^-2 in the 15 days after sowing. With the growth of M. sativa, except for the low density treatments (25 and 100 plants·m ^-2), the number of plant individuals under other density treatments decreased, and self-thinning occurred at some degrees. At the second harvest (187 days after sowing), the number of surviving plants decreased to 297, 571, 759 and 839 plants·m ^-2, respectively. The plant height, basal diameter and branch number of individual plants decreased exponentially with the increase of existing density. The relationships between individual biomass and existing density followed the competitive density effect law, that is, individual biomass decreased with the increase of density. The results also showed that the aboveground biomass of M. sativa per unit area has no significant differences among different densities, but the underground biomass tended to increase first and then decrease with the increase of planting density.

Key words: planting density, Medicago sativa, growth, biomass

冯银平, 沈海花, 罗永开, 徐龙超, 刘上石, 朱言坤, 赵梦颖, 邢爱军, 方精云. 种植密度对苜蓿生长及生物量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(3): 248-256. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0157

FENG Yin-Ping, SHEN Hai-Hua, LUO Yong-Kai, XU Long-Chao, LIU Shang-Shi, ZHU Yan-Kun, ZHAO Meng-Ying, XING Ai-Jun, FANG Jing-Yun. Effects of planting density on growth and biomass of Medicago sativa. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(3): 248-256. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0157

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0157

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I3/248

图/表 7

图1 不同种植密度下紫花苜蓿种群的数量变化(平均值±标准误差)。A、B、C、D、E、F分别表示种植密度为25、100、400、800、1 500、2 000株·m-2。

Fig. 1 Quantity change of Medicago sativa population under different planting densities (mean ± SE). A, B, C, D, E, F represents 25, 100, 400, 800, 1 500, 2 000 plants·m-2 planting densities.

图2 不同种植密度下的紫花苜蓿种群第一茬和第二茬的平均死亡率(平均值±标准误差)。A、B、C、D、E、F分别表示种植密度为25、100、400、800、1 500、2 000株·m-2。

Fig. 2 Average death rate of Medicago sativa population under different planting densities in the first and second harvests (mean ± SE). A, B, C, D, E, F represents 25, 100, 400, 800, 1 500, 2 000 plants·m-2 planting densities.

图3 现存密度与紫花苜蓿平均株高(A)、平均基径(B)和平均分枝数(C)的关系。

Fig. 3 Relationship between density of survivors and mean plant height (A), basal diameter (B) and branch number (C) for Medicago sativa.

图4 紫花苜蓿植物个体生物量与现存密度的关系(横纵坐标轴均为对数坐标轴)。

Fig. 4 Relationships between individual biomass and density of survivors for Medicago sativa. The horizontal and vertical axes are both logarithmic scale.

图5 紫花苜蓿植物个体生物量与平均株高(A)、平均基径(B)和平均分枝数(C)的关系。

Fig. 5 Relationships between individual plant biomass and mean plant height (A), basal diameter (B) and branch number (C) for Medicago sativa.

表1 不同种植密度对紫花苜蓿单位面积生物量的影响(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Effect of planting density on biomass for Medicago sativa (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	单位面积干草生物量 Dry matter biomass (g·m^-2)	单位面积鲜草生物量 Fresh matter biomass (g·m^-2)	单位面积地下生物量 Below-ground biomass (g·m^-2)
A	236.9 ± 41.9^a	924.7 ± 62.2^a	100.0 ± 23.6^a
B	256.5 ± 26.4^a	902.9 ± 97.6^a	125.8 ± 12.9^ab
C	243.7 ± 8.0^a	886.1 ± 81.9^a	146.7 ± 16.4^b
D	246.8 ± 10.1^a	968.0 ± 70.2^ab	144.5 ± 14.2^b
E	255.0 ± 19.0^a	1 074.3 ± 139.9^ab	129.6 ± 7.5^ab
F	248.4 ± 16.4^a	1 139.5 ± 65.8^b	133.2 ± 21.6^ab

表2 不同种植密度对紫花苜蓿生物量分配的影响(平均值±标准误差)

Table 2 Effect of planting density on biomass allocation for Medicago sativa (mean ± SE)

处理 Treatment	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	叶茎比 Leaf-stem ratio
A	0.45 ± 0.20	0.82 ± 0.05
B	0.49 ± 0.10	0.95 ± 0.12
C	0.60 ± 0.08	0.97 ± 0.13
D	0.58 ± 0.04	0.77 ± 0.05
E	0.53 ± 0.10	0.74 ± 0.07
F	0.53 ± 0.06	0.88 ± 0.11

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种植密度对苜蓿生长及生物量的影响

Effects of planting density on growth and biomass of Medicago sativa

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