酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0107

植物生态学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (11): 1101-1109.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0107

酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响

张佳蕾^1,², 郭峰^1,², 孟静静^1,², 于晓霞³, 杨莎^1,², 张思斌³, 耿耘^1,², 李新国^1,^2,^*(), 万书波^1,^2,^*()

¹山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心, 济南 250100
²山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室, 济南 250100
³山东省文登市农业技术推广站, 山东威海 26400

收稿日期:2015-07-09 接受日期:2015-10-24 出版日期:2015-11-01 发布日期:2015-12-02
通讯作者: 李新国,万书波
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
基金项目国家自然科学基金(31571581和31571605)、国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B04)、现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14)、山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题、山东省农业科学院科技创新重点项目(2014CXZ06-6)和山东省农业科学院青年基金(2015YQN12)

Effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil

ZHANG Jia-Lei^1,², GUO Feng^1,², MENG Jing-Jing^1,², YU Xiao-Xia³, YANG Sha^1,², ZHANG Si-Bin³, GENG Yun^1,², LI Xin-Guo^1,^2,^*(), WAN Shu-Bo^1,^2,^*()

¹Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
²Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology of Shandong Province, Jinan 250100, China
and ³Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Wendeng City, Weihai, Shandong 26400, China

Received:2015-07-09 Accepted:2015-10-24 Online:2015-11-01 Published:2015-12-02
Contact: Xin-Guo LI,Shu-Bo WAN
About author:
# Co-first authors

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以花生(Arachis hypogaea)品种‘花育22号’为研究材料, 2013年在威海文登市、2014年在日照三庄镇的丘陵砂壤土上进行试验, 研究增施钙肥对酸性土花生的产量、品质的影响, 以及相关碳、氮代谢酶活性差异, 探讨酸性土花生钙肥最佳用量。试验设3个钙肥处理, 分别为每667 m²施CaO 0 kg (T₀)、14 kg (T₁)、28 kg (T₂)。结果表明: 酸性土增施钙肥显著增加了花生的荚果产量, 两个试验点T₁处理平均增产26.92%, T₂处理平均增产21.65%。增产原因是增施钙肥显著增加了花生单株结果数, 提高了双仁果率, 从而增加了单株荚果产量, 同时增加了籽仁的饱满度而显著提高了出仁率。钙肥处理均显著提高了花生籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量, 提高了赖氨酸、总氨基酸含量和油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值。酸性土增施钙肥显著提高了花生叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性, 其中T₁处理的GS活性显著高于T₂处理。钙肥处理显著提高了花生生育前期的叶片磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCase)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性, 而生育后期的活性低于不施钙肥处理。不同钙肥施用量相比, 每667 m²施14 kg CaO的经济效益最好, 其产量最高, 品质最优。

关键词: 花生, 酸性土, 钙肥, 产量, 品质, 代谢酶

Abstract:

AimsPeanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the calcium (Ca)-like crops. In acidic soil, low soil exchangeable Ca²⁺ content, which usually is caused by eluviation, can affect peanut pod development, even causes pod unfilled. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil.Methods ‘Huayu22’ was used as materials, and field experiments were conducted in Wendeng, Weihai (2013) and Sanzhuang, Rizhao (2014), respectively. Three treatments were carried out, i.e. No Ca-application (T₀), 14 kg·667 m^-2 fused CaO (T₁) and 28 kg·667 m^-2 fused CaO (T₂). Top 3rd leaves of main stems were harvested to determine the activities of carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme every 15 days from anthesis to mature period. Additionally, the pod traits and yield were investigated at harvest time. Uniform dry pods were used to determine the quality of kernel.Important findings Application of calcium fertilizer significantly increased the pod yield of peanut in acid soil. Yield of T₁ treatment increased by 26.92% and T₂ increased by 21.65% on average at two sites. It might be related to higher pod numbers per plant, higher double kernel rate, and higher plumpness of kernel under T₁ and T₂ treatment than under T₀ treatment. Simultaneously, application of calcium fertilizer also significantly increased the protein and fat content of peanut in acidic soil. The protein content increased 2.02% and the fat content increased 3.01% on average in T₁ treatment, respectively. The protein content increased 1.56% and the fat content increased 2.58% in T₂treatment, respectively. Additionally, Calcium fertilizer not only improved the lysine and total amino acid content but also improved oleic/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio of peanut in acidic soil. These might be due to higher activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in the leaves of peanut in acidic soil under T₁ and T₂ treatments than under T₀ treatment. What’s more, the activity of GS of peanut treated with T₁ was higher than that treated with T₂. Application of Calcium fertilizer also improved the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) of peanut at early growing period, but the activities at late growth stage were lower than T₀treatment. Our results demonstrate that the economic performance of 14 kg·667 m^-2 fused CaO was the best one among these three treatments applied.

Key words: peanut, acidic soil, calcium fertilizer, yield, quality, enzyme activity

张佳蕾, 郭峰, 孟静静, 于晓霞, 杨莎, 张思斌, 耿耘, 李新国, 万书波. 酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(11): 1101-1109. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0107

ZHANG Jia-Lei,GUO Feng,MENG Jing-Jing,YU Xiao-Xia,YANG Sha,ZHANG Si-Bin,GENG Yun,LI Xin-Guo,WAN Shu-Bo. Effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 39(11): 1101-1109. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0107

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0107

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2015/V39/I11/1101

图/表 6

表1 酸性土增施钙肥对花生产量及产量构成因素的影响

Table 1 Effects of calcium fertilizer on yield and its components of peanut in acidic soil

地点 Location	处理 Treatment	单株结果数 Pods number per plant	双仁果率 Double kernel rate (%)	单株产量 Pod mass per plant (g)	出仁率 Kernel rate (%)	荚果产量 Pod yield (kg·hm^-2)	增产 Increase production (%)
文登 Wendeng (2013)	T₀	8.30^b	53.03^b	13.25^b	50.23^b	3 578.36^c	-
	T₁	12.75^a	64.08^a	18.75^a	67.45^a	4 482.53^a	25.27
	T₂	12.30^a	62.41^a	17.60^a	66.58^a	4 251.43^b	18.81
三庄 Sanzhuang (2014)	T₀	10.50^b	56.58^b	14.61^b	56.78^c	4 085.38^c	-
	T₁	14.25^a	60.47^a	20.94^a	69.75^a	5 252.63^a	28.57
	T₂	13.50^a	61.24^a	20.10^a	68.38^b	5 085.88^b	24.49

表2 酸性土增施钙肥对花生籽仁品质的影响

Table 2 Effects of calcium fertilizer on kernel quality of peanut in acidic soil

地点 Location	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	脂肪含量 Fat content (%)	赖氨酸含量 Lysine content (%)	总氨基酸含量 Total amino acid (%)	油酸含量 Oleic acid (O) content (%)	亚油酸含量 Linoleic acid (L) content (%)	油酸/亚油酸 O/L
文登 Wendeng (2013)	T₀	21.19^b	50.01^b	0.84^b	19.46^b	45.32^b	35.22^a	1.29^b
	T₁	23.30^a	52.47^a	0.86^b	20.93^a	48.09^a	32.62^b	1.47^a
	T₂	23.04^a	52.69^a	0.91^a	21.23^a	45.52^b	34.28^a	1.33^b
三庄 Sanzhuang (2014)	T₀	21.90^c	50.29^c	0.80^b	19.23^b	44.97^b	35.85^a	1.25^b
	T₁	23.82^a	53.84^a	0.87^a	20.86^a	45.82^a	34.11^b	1.34^a
	T₂	23.16^b	52.77^b	0.89^a	21.15^a	45.88^a	33.97^b	1.35^a

图1 酸性土增施钙肥对花生叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。T0、T1、T2, 每667 m2施CaO 0、14、28 kg。

Fig. 1 Effects of calcium fertilizer on glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) activities in leaves of peanut in acidic soil (mean ± SE). T0, T1, T2 represent the addition of CaO with 0, 14, 28 kg·667 m-2, respectively. *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.

图2 酸性土增施钙肥对花生叶片谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。T0、T1、T2, 每667 m2施CaO 0、14、28 kg。

Fig. 2 Effects of calcium fertilizer on glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in leaves of peanut in acidic soil (mean ± SE). T0, T1, T2 represent the addition of CaO with 0, 14, 28 kg·667 m-2, respectively. *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.

图3 酸性土增施钙肥对花生叶片谷氨酸脱氢酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。T0、T1、T2, 每667 m2施CaO 0、14、28 kg。

Fig. 3 Effects of calcium fertilizer on glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activities in leaves of peanut in acidic soil (mean ± SE). T0, T1, T2 represent the addition of CaO with 0, 14, 28 kg·667 m-2, respectively. *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.

图4 酸性土增施钙肥对花生叶片蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性的影响(平均值±标准误差)。T0、T1、T2, 每667 m2施CaO 0、14、28 kg。

Fig. 4 Effects of calcium fertilizer on sucrose synthase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities in leaves of peanut in acidic soil (mean ± SE). T0, T1, T2 represent the addition of CaO with 0, 14, 28 kg·667 m-2, respectively. *, p < 0.05; ns, p > 0.05.

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酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响

Effects of calcium fertilizer on yield, quality and related enzyme activities of peanut in acidic soil

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