植物生态学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 43-52.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0174
所属专题: 中国灌丛生态系统碳储量的研究
张蔷1,2, 李家湘3, 徐文婷1, 熊高明1, 谢宗强1,*()
收稿日期:
2016-05-17
接受日期:
2016-09-21
出版日期:
2017-01-10
发布日期:
2017-01-23
通讯作者:
谢宗强
作者简介:
* 通信作者Author for correspondence (E-mail:基金资助:
Qiang ZHANG1,2, Jia-Xiang LI3, Wen-Ting XU1, Gao-Ming XIONG1, Zong-Qiang XIE1,*()
Received:
2016-05-17
Accepted:
2016-09-21
Online:
2017-01-10
Published:
2017-01-23
Contact:
Zong-Qiang XIE
About author:
KANG Jing-yao(1991-), E-mail: 摘要:
灌丛生态系统作为一个巨大的潜在碳汇, 在全球碳平衡和气候调节中发挥着重要的作用。杜鹃(Rhododendron simsii)灌丛是我国亚热带山地最为常见的灌丛类型。该文采用群落调查和数学模拟方法, 研究了中亚热带山地杜鹃灌丛的生物量和碳密度。结果表明: 1)灌木各器官最佳生物量估测模型的函数类型为幂函数和线性函数, 自变量为D和D2H (D为基径, H为株高), 所有模型均达到极显著水平; 生长方程对茎生物量的拟合效果优于其对叶和当年枝生物量的拟合效果。2)灌木层平均生物量为20.78 Mg·hm-2, 其中优势树种杜鹃和白檀(Symplocos paniculata)占93.63%; 灌木层各器官生物量排序为茎>根>叶>当年枝, 根冠比为0.32, 说明生物量更多地分配到地上光合器官, 体现了灌木层植物对该区域温暖湿润的环境条件的适应。3)杜鹃灌丛群落平均总生物量为26.26 Mg·hm-2, 灌木层、草本层和凋落物层生物量分别占79.14%、7.62%和13.25%, 凋落物层生物量较高表明该研究群落具有较大的养分归还量。4)灌木层和草本层的地上生物量与地下生物量和总生物量之间存在极显著相关关系, 这种关系可用于相互间的预测。5)杜鹃灌丛群落平均总生物量碳密度为11.70 Mg·hm-2, 群落平均含碳率为44.55%, 以往通过乘以转换系数0.5得到的灌丛碳密度比实际碳密度高出12.22%, 导致对灌丛植被碳储量和碳汇能力的估测产生严重偏差。
张蔷, 李家湘, 徐文婷, 熊高明, 谢宗强. 中国亚热带山地杜鹃灌丛生物量分配及其碳密度估算. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(1): 43-52. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0174
Qiang ZHANG, Jia-Xiang LI, Wen-Ting XU, Gao-Ming XIONG, Zong-Qiang XIE. Estimation of biomass allocation and carbon density of Rhododendron simsii shrubland in the subtropical mountainous areas of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(1): 43-52. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0174
物种 Species | 器官 Organ | 自变量 Variable | 方程 Equation | 样本数 Number of samples | a | b | R2 | 标准误差 Standard error | F值 F value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杜鹃 | 根 Root | x = D | y = axb | 40 | 0.010 2 | 2.428 5 | 0.714 | 0.347 9 | 94.85*** |
Rhododendron | 茎 Stem | x = D | y = axb | 45 | 0.035 7 | 2.332 0 | 0.928 | 0.189 6 | 550.97*** |
simsii | 叶 Leaf | x = D | y = axb | 43 | 0.003 7 | 2.122 5 | 0.714 | 0.393 2 | 102.48*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D | y = axb | 45 | 0.000 4 | 2.975 0 | 0.608 | 0.695 6 | 66.57*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D | y = axb | 45 | 0.040 2 | 2.310 8 | 0.926 | 0.190 3 | 537.30*** | |
总 Total | x = D | y = axb | 43 | 0.054 6 | 2.227 2 | 0.895 | 0.221 5 | 348.07*** | |
白檀 | 根 Root | x = D | y = axb | 30 | 0.019 5 | 2.461 8 | 0.912 | 0.267 2 | 290.07*** |
Symplocos | 茎 Stem | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.023 0 | 0.981 0 | 0.949 | 0.213 1 | 518.53*** |
paniculata | 叶 Leaf | x = D | y = axb | 29 | 0.004 5 | 2.406 1 | 0.880 | 0.316 2 | 197.48*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 27 | 0.000 6 | 0.004 1 | 0.799 | 0.008 0 | 99.38*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.029 4 | 0.962 6 | 0.948 | 0.210 0 | 514.51*** | |
总 Total | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.049 1 | 0.941 3 | 0.943 | 0.215 5 | 466.99*** | |
落叶混合种 | 根 Root | x = D2H | y = axb | 32 | 0.016 2 | 0.842 4 | 0.776 | 0.663 9 | 103.73*** |
Mixed deciduous | 茎 Stem | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 32 | 0.024 4 | 0.027 4 | 0.945 | 0.116 0 | 495.86*** |
species | 叶 Leaf | x = D2H | y = axb | 29 | 0.005 4 | 0.815 5 | 0.866 | 0.497 2 | 174.31*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D2H | y = axb | 13 | 0.004 9 | 0.681 2 | 0.801 | 0.645 8 | 44.38*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 31 | 0.011 2 | 0.032 0 | 0.981 | 0.077 4 | 1530.32*** | |
总 Total | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.057 3 | 0.885 9 | 0.947 | 0.303 7 | 502.33*** | |
常绿混合种 | 根 Root | x = D2H | y = axb | 159 | 0.055 7 | 0.644 6 | 0.684 | 0.673 6 | 339.36*** |
Mixed evergreen | 茎 Stem | x = D2H | y = axb | 158 | 0.040 2 | 0.941 7 | 0.902 | 0.433 9 | 1432.91*** |
species | 叶 Leaf | x = D2H | y = axb | 165 | 0.019 0 | 0.611 3 | 0.695 | 0.618 0 | 370.74*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 155 | 0.000 6 | 0.016 0 | 0.751 | 0.012 7 | 460.53*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D2H | y = axb | 158 | 0.068 1 | 0.854 8 | 0.908 | 0.381 0 | 1531.39*** | |
总 Total | x = D2H | y = axb | 160 | 0.117 1 | 0.810 5 | 0.893 | 0.391 2 | 1312.23*** |
表1 杜鹃灌丛灌木物种的生物量回归模型
Table 1 Regression models for biomass of shrub species in Rhododendron shrubland
物种 Species | 器官 Organ | 自变量 Variable | 方程 Equation | 样本数 Number of samples | a | b | R2 | 标准误差 Standard error | F值 F value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
杜鹃 | 根 Root | x = D | y = axb | 40 | 0.010 2 | 2.428 5 | 0.714 | 0.347 9 | 94.85*** |
Rhododendron | 茎 Stem | x = D | y = axb | 45 | 0.035 7 | 2.332 0 | 0.928 | 0.189 6 | 550.97*** |
simsii | 叶 Leaf | x = D | y = axb | 43 | 0.003 7 | 2.122 5 | 0.714 | 0.393 2 | 102.48*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D | y = axb | 45 | 0.000 4 | 2.975 0 | 0.608 | 0.695 6 | 66.57*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D | y = axb | 45 | 0.040 2 | 2.310 8 | 0.926 | 0.190 3 | 537.30*** | |
总 Total | x = D | y = axb | 43 | 0.054 6 | 2.227 2 | 0.895 | 0.221 5 | 348.07*** | |
白檀 | 根 Root | x = D | y = axb | 30 | 0.019 5 | 2.461 8 | 0.912 | 0.267 2 | 290.07*** |
Symplocos | 茎 Stem | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.023 0 | 0.981 0 | 0.949 | 0.213 1 | 518.53*** |
paniculata | 叶 Leaf | x = D | y = axb | 29 | 0.004 5 | 2.406 1 | 0.880 | 0.316 2 | 197.48*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 27 | 0.000 6 | 0.004 1 | 0.799 | 0.008 0 | 99.38*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.029 4 | 0.962 6 | 0.948 | 0.210 0 | 514.51*** | |
总 Total | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.049 1 | 0.941 3 | 0.943 | 0.215 5 | 466.99*** | |
落叶混合种 | 根 Root | x = D2H | y = axb | 32 | 0.016 2 | 0.842 4 | 0.776 | 0.663 9 | 103.73*** |
Mixed deciduous | 茎 Stem | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 32 | 0.024 4 | 0.027 4 | 0.945 | 0.116 0 | 495.86*** |
species | 叶 Leaf | x = D2H | y = axb | 29 | 0.005 4 | 0.815 5 | 0.866 | 0.497 2 | 174.31*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D2H | y = axb | 13 | 0.004 9 | 0.681 2 | 0.801 | 0.645 8 | 44.38*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 31 | 0.011 2 | 0.032 0 | 0.981 | 0.077 4 | 1530.32*** | |
总 Total | x = D2H | y = axb | 30 | 0.057 3 | 0.885 9 | 0.947 | 0.303 7 | 502.33*** | |
常绿混合种 | 根 Root | x = D2H | y = axb | 159 | 0.055 7 | 0.644 6 | 0.684 | 0.673 6 | 339.36*** |
Mixed evergreen | 茎 Stem | x = D2H | y = axb | 158 | 0.040 2 | 0.941 7 | 0.902 | 0.433 9 | 1432.91*** |
species | 叶 Leaf | x = D2H | y = axb | 165 | 0.019 0 | 0.611 3 | 0.695 | 0.618 0 | 370.74*** |
当年枝 Annual branch | x = D2H | y = a + bx | 155 | 0.000 6 | 0.016 0 | 0.751 | 0.012 7 | 460.53*** | |
地上 Aboveground | x = D2H | y = axb | 158 | 0.068 1 | 0.854 8 | 0.908 | 0.381 0 | 1531.39*** | |
总 Total | x = D2H | y = axb | 160 | 0.117 1 | 0.810 5 | 0.893 | 0.391 2 | 1312.23*** |
物种 Species | 植株个体 Individuals | 生物量 Biomass | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density (No.·hm-2) | 占灌木层比例 Ratio of the shrub layer (%) | 生物量 Biomass (kg·hm-2) | 占灌木层比例 Ratio of the shrub layer (%) | ||
杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii | 84 074 | 87.54 | 15 988.05 | 79.61 | |
白檀 Symplocos paniculata | 6 711 | 6.99 | 2 816.53 | 14.02 | |
尖叶日本绣线菊 Spiraea japonica var. acuminata | 1 556 | 1.62 | 101.83 | 0.51 | |
四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis | 1 452 | 1.51 | 210.97 | 1.05 | |
直角荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum | 548 | 0.57 | 37.04 | 0.18 | |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 430 | 0.45 | 83.18 | 0.41 | |
圆锥绣球 Hydrangea paniculata | 370 | 0.39 | 315.98 | 1.57 | |
波叶红果树 Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata | 237 | 0.25 | 41.76 | 0.21 | |
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica | 207 | 0.22 | 46.94 | 0.23 | |
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae | 148 | 0.15 | 239.75 | 1.19 | |
尾叶樱桃 Cerasus dielsiana | 104 | 0.11 | 124.24 | 0.62 | |
中国绣球 Hydrangea chinensis | 44 | 0.05 | 19.27 | 0.10 | |
四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis | 44 | 0.05 | 8.90 | 0.04 | |
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri | 30 | 0.03 | 11.34 | 0.06 | |
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri var. bodinieri | 30 | 0.03 | 6.79 | 0.03 | |
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens | 15 | 0.02 | 18.66 | 0.09 | |
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba | 15 | 0.02 | 7.69 | 0.04 | |
小叶栎 Quercus chenii | 15 | 0.02 | 2.90 | 0.01 | |
长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata | 15 | 0.02 | 1.13 | 0.01 |
表2 杜鹃灌丛灌木层个体密度和生物量的种类分配
Table 2 Individual density and biomass allocation of shrub layer in different species
物种 Species | 植株个体 Individuals | 生物量 Biomass | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
密度 Density (No.·hm-2) | 占灌木层比例 Ratio of the shrub layer (%) | 生物量 Biomass (kg·hm-2) | 占灌木层比例 Ratio of the shrub layer (%) | ||
杜鹃 Rhododendron simsii | 84 074 | 87.54 | 15 988.05 | 79.61 | |
白檀 Symplocos paniculata | 6 711 | 6.99 | 2 816.53 | 14.02 | |
尖叶日本绣线菊 Spiraea japonica var. acuminata | 1 556 | 1.62 | 101.83 | 0.51 | |
四川冬青 Ilex szechwanensis | 1 452 | 1.51 | 210.97 | 1.05 | |
直角荚蒾 Viburnum foetidum var. rectangulatum | 548 | 0.57 | 37.04 | 0.18 | |
格药柃 Eurya muricata | 430 | 0.45 | 83.18 | 0.41 | |
圆锥绣球 Hydrangea paniculata | 370 | 0.39 | 315.98 | 1.57 | |
波叶红果树 Stranvaesia davidiana var. undulata | 237 | 0.25 | 41.76 | 0.21 | |
水马桑 Weigela japonica var. sinica | 207 | 0.22 | 46.94 | 0.23 | |
鹿角杜鹃 Rhododendron latoucheae | 148 | 0.15 | 239.75 | 1.19 | |
尾叶樱桃 Cerasus dielsiana | 104 | 0.11 | 124.24 | 0.62 | |
中国绣球 Hydrangea chinensis | 44 | 0.05 | 19.27 | 0.10 | |
四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var. chinensis | 44 | 0.05 | 8.90 | 0.04 | |
石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri | 30 | 0.03 | 11.34 | 0.06 | |
紫珠 Callicarpa bodinieri var. bodinieri | 30 | 0.03 | 6.79 | 0.03 | |
胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens | 15 | 0.02 | 18.66 | 0.09 | |
三桠乌药 Lindera obtusiloba | 15 | 0.02 | 7.69 | 0.04 | |
小叶栎 Quercus chenii | 15 | 0.02 | 2.90 | 0.01 | |
长叶冻绿 Rhamnus crenata | 15 | 0.02 | 1.13 | 0.01 |
图3 杜鹃灌丛灌木层和草本层地上/地下生物量之间的相关关系。
Fig. 3 The relationship between above- and belowground biomass of the shrub layer and the herb layer in Rhododendron shrubland.
灌木层碳密度 Shrub layer carbon density | 草本层碳密度 Herb layer carbon density | 凋落物层碳密度 Litter layer carbon density | 总碳密度 Total carbon density | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根碳密度 Root carbon density | 茎碳密度 Stem carbon density | 叶碳密度 Leaf carbon density | 当年枝碳密度 Annual branch carbon density | ||||
地上部分碳密度 Aboveground carbon density | 6.38 (0.50) | 0.62 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.05) | 0.35 (0.03) | 7.65 (0.57) | ||
地下部分碳密度 Belowground carbon density | 2.18 (0.19) | 0.31 (0.03) | 2.48 (0.18) | ||||
总碳密度 Total carbon density | 9.48 (0.77) | 0.66 (0.06) | 1.56 (0.11) | 11.70 (0.74) |
表3 杜鹃灌丛生物量碳密度的估算
Table 3 Estimation of biomass carbon density of Rhododendron shrubland (Mg·hm-2)
灌木层碳密度 Shrub layer carbon density | 草本层碳密度 Herb layer carbon density | 凋落物层碳密度 Litter layer carbon density | 总碳密度 Total carbon density | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
根碳密度 Root carbon density | 茎碳密度 Stem carbon density | 叶碳密度 Leaf carbon density | 当年枝碳密度 Annual branch carbon density | ||||
地上部分碳密度 Aboveground carbon density | 6.38 (0.50) | 0.62 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.05) | 0.35 (0.03) | 7.65 (0.57) | ||
地下部分碳密度 Belowground carbon density | 2.18 (0.19) | 0.31 (0.03) | 2.48 (0.18) | ||||
总碳密度 Total carbon density | 9.48 (0.77) | 0.66 (0.06) | 1.56 (0.11) | 11.70 (0.74) |
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