生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 216-222. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151
谢文华1,2, 杨锡福1,2, 李俊年1, 陶双伦1, 肖治术2,*()
收稿日期:
2013-07-03
接受日期:
2013-12-02
出版日期:
2014-03-20
发布日期:
2014-04-03
通讯作者:
肖治术
基金资助:
Wenhua Xie1,2, Xifu Yang1,2, Junnian Li1, Shuanglun Tao1, Zhishu Xiao2,*()
Received:
2013-07-03
Accepted:
2013-12-02
Online:
2014-03-20
Published:
2014-04-03
Contact:
Xiao Zhishu
摘要:
湖南省八大公山自然保护区自1982年设立以来, 尚未进行过兽类资源的深入研究。为此, 作者于2012年9–10月, 采用笼捕法、陷阱法和红外相机法等对保护区内森林动态永久监测样地及周边常见植被类型中的地栖性小型兽类多样性进行了初步研究。共捕获小型兽类12种, 其中啮齿目8种, 食虫目4种。结合以往记录, 该保护区现已记录的小型兽类有20种, 而本次调查新增分布记录物种6种, 即黑腹绒鼠(Eothenomys melanogaster)、猪尾鼠(Typhlomys cinereus)、中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)、灰黑齿鼩鼱(Blarinella griselda)和藏鼩鼱(Sorex thibetanus)。陷阱法所捕获个体的体重显著小于笼捕法。此外, 不同生境类型对小兽多样性有重要影响。建议综合采用多种调查方法对整个保护区兽类多样性资源进行深入监测与研究。
谢文华, 杨锡福, 李俊年, 陶双伦, 肖治术 (2014) 八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究. 生物多样性, 22, 216-222. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151.
Wenhua Xie,Xifu Yang,Junnian Li,Shuanglun Tao,Zhishu Xiao (2014) A preliminary study of the biodiversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province. Biodiversity Science, 22, 216-222. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151.
物种 Species | 原生林1 Primary forest 1 | 原生林2 Primary forest 2 | 次生林1 Secondary forest 1 | 次生林2 Secondary forest 2 | 次生林3 Secondary forest 3 | 竹林 Bamboo forest | 厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis | 柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||||||||
笼捕法 Live traps | |||||||||||||||||||||||
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | – | – | 2 | 2.67 | 8 | 10.67 | 4 | 5.33 | 10 | 13.33 | 11 | 14.67 | 15 | 20.00 | 5 | 6.67 | |||||||
社鼠 N. confucianus | – | – | 2 | 2.67 | 1 | 1.33 | 2 | 2.67 | 2 | 2.67 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 2.67 | |||||||
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
合计 Total | – | – | 4 | 5.34 | 10 | 13.33 | 7 | 9.33 | 12 | 16.00 | 11 | 14.67 | 15 | 20.00 | 7 | 9.33 | |||||||
陷阱法 Pitfalls | |||||||||||||||||||||||
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | 1 | 3.70 | |||||||
社鼠 N. confucianus | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco | 2 | 7.40 | 4 | 14.81 | 3 | 11.11 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | 1 | 3.70 | |||||||
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata | 1 | 3.70 | 4 | 14.81 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | |||||||
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus | – | – | 3 | 11.11 | 2 | 7.40 | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | |||||||
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda | – | – | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | 3 | 11.11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
合计 Total | 4 | 14.81 | 12 | 44.44 | 8 | 29.62 | 10 | 37.04 | 3 | 11.10 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 22.22 | 2 | 7.40 |
表1 不同生境下小型兽类捕获数量(No.)和捕获率(%)
Table 1 Number of captured individuals (No.) and trapping success (%) of small mammals in different habitats
物种 Species | 原生林1 Primary forest 1 | 原生林2 Primary forest 2 | 次生林1 Secondary forest 1 | 次生林2 Secondary forest 2 | 次生林3 Secondary forest 3 | 竹林 Bamboo forest | 厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis | 柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||||||||
笼捕法 Live traps | |||||||||||||||||||||||
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | – | – | 2 | 2.67 | 8 | 10.67 | 4 | 5.33 | 10 | 13.33 | 11 | 14.67 | 15 | 20.00 | 5 | 6.67 | |||||||
社鼠 N. confucianus | – | – | 2 | 2.67 | 1 | 1.33 | 2 | 2.67 | 2 | 2.67 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 2.67 | |||||||
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1.33 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
合计 Total | – | – | 4 | 5.34 | 10 | 13.33 | 7 | 9.33 | 12 | 16.00 | 11 | 14.67 | 15 | 20.00 | 7 | 9.33 | |||||||
陷阱法 Pitfalls | |||||||||||||||||||||||
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | 1 | 3.70 | |||||||
社鼠 N. confucianus | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco | 2 | 7.40 | 4 | 14.81 | 3 | 11.11 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | 1 | 3.70 | |||||||
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata | 1 | 3.70 | 4 | 14.81 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | |||||||
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus | – | – | 3 | 11.11 | 2 | 7.40 | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | |||||||
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda | – | – | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | 3 | 11.11 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes | – | – | 1 | 3.70 | – | – | 2 | 7.40 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||||||
合计 Total | 4 | 14.81 | 12 | 44.44 | 8 | 29.62 | 10 | 37.04 | 3 | 11.10 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 22.22 | 2 | 7.40 |
物种 Species | 笼捕法 Live traps | 陷阱法 Pitfalls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
体重 Body mass (g) | 捕获率 Trapping success (%) | 体重 Body mass (g) | 捕获率 Trapping success (%) | ||
啮齿目 Rodentia | |||||
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | 45.9 ± 16.9 | 9.17 | 46.9 ± 8.4 | 1.39 | |
社鼠 N. confucianus | 54.9 ± 12.4 | 0.83 | 31.2 ± 20.2 | 0.93 | |
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco | 16.8 ± 4.6 | 0.83 | 19.8 ± 12.2 | 5.56 | |
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster | 24.9 | 0.46 | |||
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus | 11.0 | 0.46 | |||
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi | 190.0 | 0.16 | |||
食虫目 Insectivora | |||||
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 4.17 | |||
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 4.17 | |||
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 2.31 | |||
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes | 20.1 ± 3.9 | 1.39 | |||
合计/平均 Sum/mean | 46.6 ± 25.2 | 11.00 | 14.5 ± 13.3 | 20.83 |
表2 笼捕法与陷阱法所调查小型兽类体重和捕获率
Table 2 Body mass (g) and trapping success of ground-dwelling mammals from live traps and pitfall traps
物种 Species | 笼捕法 Live traps | 陷阱法 Pitfalls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
体重 Body mass (g) | 捕获率 Trapping success (%) | 体重 Body mass (g) | 捕获率 Trapping success (%) | ||
啮齿目 Rodentia | |||||
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | 45.9 ± 16.9 | 9.17 | 46.9 ± 8.4 | 1.39 | |
社鼠 N. confucianus | 54.9 ± 12.4 | 0.83 | 31.2 ± 20.2 | 0.93 | |
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco | 16.8 ± 4.6 | 0.83 | 19.8 ± 12.2 | 5.56 | |
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster | 24.9 | 0.46 | |||
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus | 11.0 | 0.46 | |||
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi | 190.0 | 0.16 | |||
食虫目 Insectivora | |||||
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 4.17 | |||
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 4.17 | |||
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 2.31 | |||
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes | 20.1 ± 3.9 | 1.39 | |||
合计/平均 Sum/mean | 46.6 ± 25.2 | 11.00 | 14.5 ± 13.3 | 20.83 |
分类地位、物种名称 Taxonomic status, Species | 笼捕法 Live traps | 陷阱法 Pitfalls | 红外相机 Camera traps | 夹捕法① Snap traps |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ啮齿目 RODENTIA | ||||
(一) 鼠科 Muridae | ||||
1 针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | + | + | + | + |
2 社鼠 N. confucianus | + | + | + | + |
3 巢鼠 Micromys minutus | + | |||
4 中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco* | + | + | + | |
5 黑线姬鼠 A. agrarius | + | |||
8 小泡巨鼠 Leopoldamys edwardsi | + | |||
6 小家鼠 Mus musculus | + | |||
7 黄胸鼠 Rattus tanezumi | + | |||
9 褐家鼠 R. norvegicus | + | |||
10 大足鼠 R. nitidus | + | |||
(二) 仓鼠科 Cricetidae | ||||
11 黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster* | + | |||
(三) 刺山鼠科 Platacanthomyidae | ||||
12 猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus* | + | |||
(四) 松鼠科 Sciuridae | ||||
13 隐纹松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei | + | + | ||
14 赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus | + | + | ||
15 泊氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi | + | + | + | |
Ⅱ 食虫目 INSECTIVORA | ||||
(五) 鼩鼱科 Soricidae | ||||
16 灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata | + | + | ||
17 喜马拉雅水鼩 Chimmarogale himalayica | + | |||
18 四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes* | + | |||
19 藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus* | + | |||
20 灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda* | + | |||
物种数 No. of species | 4 | 9 | 6 | 14 |
表3 湖南八大公山自然保护区不同方法采集地栖性小兽物种名录比较
Table 3 Species list of ground-dwelling mammals captured by different methods in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province
分类地位、物种名称 Taxonomic status, Species | 笼捕法 Live traps | 陷阱法 Pitfalls | 红外相机 Camera traps | 夹捕法① Snap traps |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ⅰ啮齿目 RODENTIA | ||||
(一) 鼠科 Muridae | ||||
1 针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens | + | + | + | + |
2 社鼠 N. confucianus | + | + | + | + |
3 巢鼠 Micromys minutus | + | |||
4 中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco* | + | + | + | |
5 黑线姬鼠 A. agrarius | + | |||
8 小泡巨鼠 Leopoldamys edwardsi | + | |||
6 小家鼠 Mus musculus | + | |||
7 黄胸鼠 Rattus tanezumi | + | |||
9 褐家鼠 R. norvegicus | + | |||
10 大足鼠 R. nitidus | + | |||
(二) 仓鼠科 Cricetidae | ||||
11 黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster* | + | |||
(三) 刺山鼠科 Platacanthomyidae | ||||
12 猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus* | + | |||
(四) 松鼠科 Sciuridae | ||||
13 隐纹松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei | + | + | ||
14 赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus | + | + | ||
15 泊氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi | + | + | + | |
Ⅱ 食虫目 INSECTIVORA | ||||
(五) 鼩鼱科 Soricidae | ||||
16 灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata | + | + | ||
17 喜马拉雅水鼩 Chimmarogale himalayica | + | |||
18 四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes* | + | |||
19 藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus* | + | |||
20 灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda* | + | |||
物种数 No. of species | 4 | 9 | 6 | 14 |
生境 Habitat | 物种数 No. of species | 物种多样性指数 Species diversity index (H) | 均匀度 Evenness (J) | 优势度 Dominance (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|
原生林1 Primary forest 1 | 3 | 1.0397 | 0.9463 | 0.3750 |
原生林2 Primary forest 2 | 6 | 1.7002 | 0.9488 | 0.1953 |
次生林1 Secondary forest 1 | 5 | 1.4339 | 0.8909 | 0.2376 |
次生林2 Secondary forest 2 | 9 | 2.0685 | 0.9414 | 0.1419 |
次生林3 Secondary forest 3 | 3 | 0.9882 | 0.8995 | 0.4844 |
竹林 Bamboo forest | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0000 |
厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis | 4 | 0.6849 | 0.4941 | 0.6689 |
柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei | 3 | 0.8485 | 0.7723 | 0.5061 |
表4 不同生境下小型兽类的群落多样性
Table 4 Community diversity of small mammals in different habitats
生境 Habitat | 物种数 No. of species | 物种多样性指数 Species diversity index (H) | 均匀度 Evenness (J) | 优势度 Dominance (D) |
---|---|---|---|---|
原生林1 Primary forest 1 | 3 | 1.0397 | 0.9463 | 0.3750 |
原生林2 Primary forest 2 | 6 | 1.7002 | 0.9488 | 0.1953 |
次生林1 Secondary forest 1 | 5 | 1.4339 | 0.8909 | 0.2376 |
次生林2 Secondary forest 2 | 9 | 2.0685 | 0.9414 | 0.1419 |
次生林3 Secondary forest 3 | 3 | 0.9882 | 0.8995 | 0.4844 |
竹林 Bamboo forest | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.0000 |
厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis | 4 | 0.6849 | 0.4941 | 0.6689 |
柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei | 3 | 0.8485 | 0.7723 | 0.5061 |
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