八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151

生物多样性 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (2): 216-222. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2014.13151

八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究

谢文华^1,², 杨锡福^1,², 李俊年¹, 陶双伦¹, 肖治术^2,^*()

1 吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院, 湖南吉首 416000
2 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2013-07-03 接受日期:2013-12-02 出版日期:2014-03-20 发布日期:2014-04-03
通讯作者: 肖治术
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新重要方向项目(KSCX2-EW-N-05);“十二五”国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD19B02);国家自然科学基金(31240470);湖南省和吉首大学大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目(JSU-CX-2011-39)

A preliminary study of the biodiversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province

Wenhua Xie^1,², Xifu Yang^1,², Junnian Li¹, Shuanglun Tao¹, Zhishu Xiao^2,^*()

1 College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000
2 State Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101

Received:2013-07-03 Accepted:2013-12-02 Online:2014-03-20 Published:2014-04-03
Contact: Xiao Zhishu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖南省八大公山自然保护区自1982年设立以来, 尚未进行过兽类资源的深入研究。为此, 作者于2012年9–10月, 采用笼捕法、陷阱法和红外相机法等对保护区内森林动态永久监测样地及周边常见植被类型中的地栖性小型兽类多样性进行了初步研究。共捕获小型兽类12种, 其中啮齿目8种, 食虫目4种。结合以往记录, 该保护区现已记录的小型兽类有20种, 而本次调查新增分布记录物种6种, 即黑腹绒鼠(Eothenomys melanogaster)、猪尾鼠(Typhlomys cinereus)、中华姬鼠(Apodemus draco)、四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)、灰黑齿鼩鼱(Blarinella griselda)和藏鼩鼱(Sorex thibetanus)。陷阱法所捕获个体的体重显著小于笼捕法。此外, 不同生境类型对小兽多样性有重要影响。建议综合采用多种调查方法对整个保护区兽类多样性资源进行深入监测与研究。

关键词: 地栖性小型兽类, 生物多样性, 笼捕法, 陷阱法, 八大公山国家级自然保护区

Abstract

Little is known about the diversity patterns of mammals in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province, although the reserve was established in 1982. During September and October of 2012, the diversity of ground-dwelling small mammals was investigated using live traps, pitfalls and camera traps in a permanent forest dynamics plot and other nearby vegetation types. We captured 12 species of ground-dwelling small mammals, including eight species of Rodentia and four species of Insectivora. Presently, there are 20 species of ground-dwelling small mammals recorded in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, including six new species recorded in this study, i.e., Eothenomys melanogaster, Typhlomys cinereus, Apodemus draco, Anourosorex squamipes, Blarinella griselda, and Sorex thibetanus. The body mass of the individuals captured by live traps was much larger than that of the individuals captured by pitfall traps. Our study also indicates that the diversity patterns of ground-dwelling small mammals are affected by the habitat types. Therefore, we recommend that a combination of different methods be used to effectively monitor mammal diversity in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve.

Key words: small mammals, diversity monitoring, live traps, pitfall traps, Badagongshan National Nature Reserve

谢文华, 杨锡福, 李俊年, 陶双伦, 肖治术 (2014) 八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究. 生物多样性, 22, 216-222. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151.

Wenhua Xie,Xifu Yang,Junnian Li,Shuanglun Tao,Zhishu Xiao (2014) A preliminary study of the biodiversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province. Biodiversity Science, 22, 216-222. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2014.13151

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2014/V22/I2/216

图/表 4

参考文献 20

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物种 Species	笼捕法 Live traps		陷阱法 Pitfalls
物种 Species	体重 Body mass (g)	捕获率 Trapping success (%)	体重 Body mass (g)	捕获率 Trapping success (%)
啮齿目 Rodentia
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	45.9 ± 16.9	9.17	46.9 ± 8.4	1.39
社鼠 N. confucianus	54.9 ± 12.4	0.83	31.2 ± 20.2	0.93
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco	16.8 ± 4.6	0.83	19.8 ± 12.2	5.56
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster			24.9	0.46
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus			11.0	0.46
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	190.0	0.16
食虫目 Insectivora
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata			5.7 ± 1.2	4.17
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus			6.1 ± 0.8	4.17
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda			7.3 ± 0.9	2.31
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes			20.1 ± 3.9	1.39
合计/平均 Sum/mean	46.6 ± 25.2	11.00	14.5 ± 13.3	20.83

物种 Species	笼捕法 Live traps		陷阱法 Pitfalls
物种 Species	体重 Body mass (g)	捕获率 Trapping success (%)	体重 Body mass (g)	捕获率 Trapping success (%)
啮齿目 Rodentia
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	45.9 ± 16.9	9.17	46.9 ± 8.4	1.39
社鼠 N. confucianus	54.9 ± 12.4	0.83	31.2 ± 20.2	0.93
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco	16.8 ± 4.6	0.83	19.8 ± 12.2	5.56
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster			24.9	0.46
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus			11.0	0.46
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	190.0	0.16
食虫目 Insectivora
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata			5.7 ± 1.2	4.17
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus			6.1 ± 0.8	4.17
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda			7.3 ± 0.9	2.31
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes			20.1 ± 3.9	1.39
合计/平均 Sum/mean	46.6 ± 25.2	11.00	14.5 ± 13.3	20.83

分类地位、物种名称 Taxonomic status, Species	笼捕法 Live traps	陷阱法 Pitfalls	红外相机 Camera traps	夹捕法① Snap traps
Ⅰ啮齿目 RODENTIA
(一) 鼠科 Muridae
1 针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	+	+	+	+
2 社鼠 N. confucianus	+	+	+	+
3 巢鼠 Micromys minutus				+
4 中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco*	+	+	+
5 黑线姬鼠 A. agrarius				+
8 小泡巨鼠 Leopoldamys edwardsi				+
6 小家鼠 Mus musculus				+
7 黄胸鼠 Rattus tanezumi				+
9 褐家鼠 R. norvegicus				+
10 大足鼠 R. nitidus				+
(二) 仓鼠科 Cricetidae
11 黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster*		+
(三) 刺山鼠科 Platacanthomyidae
12 猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus*		+
(四) 松鼠科 Sciuridae
13 隐纹松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei			+	+
14 赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus			+	+
15 泊氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	+		+	+
Ⅱ 食虫目 INSECTIVORA
(五) 鼩鼱科 Soricidae
16 灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata		+		+
17 喜马拉雅水鼩 Chimmarogale himalayica				+
18 四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes*		+
19 藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus*		+
20 灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda*		+
物种数 No. of species	4	9	6	14

分类地位、物种名称 Taxonomic status, Species	笼捕法 Live traps	陷阱法 Pitfalls	红外相机 Camera traps	夹捕法① Snap traps
Ⅰ啮齿目 RODENTIA
(一) 鼠科 Muridae
1 针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	+	+	+	+
2 社鼠 N. confucianus	+	+	+	+
3 巢鼠 Micromys minutus				+
4 中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco*	+	+	+
5 黑线姬鼠 A. agrarius				+
8 小泡巨鼠 Leopoldamys edwardsi				+
6 小家鼠 Mus musculus				+
7 黄胸鼠 Rattus tanezumi				+
9 褐家鼠 R. norvegicus				+
10 大足鼠 R. nitidus				+
(二) 仓鼠科 Cricetidae
11 黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster*		+
(三) 刺山鼠科 Platacanthomyidae
12 猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus*		+
(四) 松鼠科 Sciuridae
13 隐纹松鼠 Tamiops swinhoei			+	+
14 赤腹松鼠 Callosciurus erythraeus			+	+
15 泊氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	+		+	+
Ⅱ 食虫目 INSECTIVORA
(五) 鼩鼱科 Soricidae
16 灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata		+		+
17 喜马拉雅水鼩 Chimmarogale himalayica				+
18 四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes*		+
19 藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus*		+
20 灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda*		+
物种数 No. of species	4	9	6	14

生境 Habitat	物种数 No. of species	物种多样性指数 Species diversity index (H)	均匀度 Evenness (J)	优势度 Dominance (D)
原生林1 Primary forest 1	3	1.0397	0.9463	0.3750
原生林2 Primary forest 2	6	1.7002	0.9488	0.1953
次生林1 Secondary forest 1	5	1.4339	0.8909	0.2376
次生林2 Secondary forest 2	9	2.0685	0.9414	0.1419
次生林3 Secondary forest 3	3	0.9882	0.8995	0.4844
竹林 Bamboo forest	1	0	0	1.0000
厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis	4	0.6849	0.4941	0.6689
柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei	3	0.8485	0.7723	0.5061

八大公山自然保护区地栖性小兽多样性初步研究

A preliminary study of the biodiversity of ground-dwelling small mammals in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Hunan Province

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物种 Species	原生林1 Primary forest 1		原生林2 Primary forest 2		次生林1 Secondary forest 1		次生林2 Secondary forest 2		次生林3 Secondary forest 3		竹林 Bamboo forest		厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis		柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei
物种 Species	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
笼捕法 Live traps
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	–	–	2	2.67	8	10.67	4	5.33	10	13.33	11	14.67	15	20.00	5	6.67
社鼠 N. confucianus	–	–	2	2.67	1	1.33	2	2.67	2	2.67	–	–	–	–	2	2.67
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco	–	–	–	–	1	1.33	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	1.33	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
合计 Total	–	–	4	5.34	10	13.33	7	9.33	12	16.00	11	14.67	15	20.00	7	9.33
陷阱法 Pitfalls
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	7.40	1	3.70
社鼠 N. confucianus	–	–	–	–	1	3.70	1	3.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco	2	7.40	4	14.81	3	11.11	–	–	1	3.70	–	–	1	3.70	1	3.70
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	3.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus	1	3.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata	1	3.70	4	14.81	–	–	1	3.70	2	7.40	–	–	1	3.70	–	–
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus	–	–	3	11.11	2	7.40	2	7.40	–	–	–	–	2	7.40	–	–
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda	–	–	–	–	2	7.40	3	11.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes	–	–	1	3.70	–	–	2	7.40	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
合计 Total	4	14.81	12	44.44	8	29.62	10	37.04	3	11.10	0	0	6	22.22	2	7.40

物种 Species	原生林1 Primary forest 1		原生林2 Primary forest 2		次生林1 Secondary forest 1		次生林2 Secondary forest 2		次生林3 Secondary forest 3		竹林 Bamboo forest		厚朴林 Plantation of Magnolia officinalis		柳杉林 Plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei
物种 Species	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
笼捕法 Live traps
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	–	–	2	2.67	8	10.67	4	5.33	10	13.33	11	14.67	15	20.00	5	6.67
社鼠 N. confucianus	–	–	2	2.67	1	1.33	2	2.67	2	2.67	–	–	–	–	2	2.67
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco	–	–	–	–	1	1.33	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
珀氏长吻松鼠 Dremomys pernyi	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	1.33	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
合计 Total	–	–	4	5.34	10	13.33	7	9.33	12	16.00	11	14.67	15	20.00	7	9.33
陷阱法 Pitfalls
针毛鼠 Niviventers fulvescens	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	7.40	1	3.70
社鼠 N. confucianus	–	–	–	–	1	3.70	1	3.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
中华姬鼠 Apodemus draco	2	7.40	4	14.81	3	11.11	–	–	1	3.70	–	–	1	3.70	1	3.70
黑腹绒鼠 Eothenomys melanogaster	–	–	–	–	–	–	1	3.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
猪尾鼠 Typhlomys cinereus	1	3.70	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
灰麝鼩 Crocidura attenuata	1	3.70	4	14.81	–	–	1	3.70	2	7.40	–	–	1	3.70	–	–
藏鼩鼱 Sorex thibetanus	–	–	3	11.11	2	7.40	2	7.40	–	–	–	–	2	7.40	–	–
灰黑齿鼩鼱 Blarinella griselda	–	–	–	–	2	7.40	3	11.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
四川短尾鼩 Anourosorex squamipes	–	–	1	3.70	–	–	2	7.40	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
合计 Total	4	14.81	12	44.44	8	29.62	10	37.04	3	11.10	0	0	6	22.22	2	7.40