西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物的物种多样性与区系特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2015308

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 271-279. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015308

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物的物种多样性与区系特征

吴毅^1,², 宋亮¹, 刘强^2,³, 赵明旭⁴, 卢华正^1,², 谭运洪⁵, 刘文耀^1,^*()

1 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园综合保护中心, 云南勐腊 666303
4 国家林业局昆明勘察设计院, 昆明 650216
5 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园标本与种质保存中心, 云南勐腊 666303

收稿日期:2015-11-11 接受日期:2016-01-22 出版日期:2016-03-20 发布日期:2016-04-05
通讯作者: 刘文耀
基金资助:
云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(2014FB184)和国家自然科学基金-云南省联合基金(U1133605)

Diversity and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in the tropical forest of Xishuangbanna

Yi Wu^1,², Liang Song¹, Qiang Liu^2,³, Mingxu Zhao⁴, Huazheng Lu^1,², Yunhong Tan⁵, Wenyao Liu^1,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3 Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
4 China Forest Exploration & Design Institute in Kunming, Kunming 650216
5 Herbarium and Germplasm Conservation Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303

Received:2015-11-11 Accepted:2016-01-22 Online:2016-03-20 Published:2016-04-05
Contact: Liu Wenyao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

附生植物是山地森林生态系统中重要的结构性成分。因受林冠调查技术限制, 人们对林冠附生植物知之甚少。本文在前人有关西双版纳植物区系研究的基础上, 结合野外调查和标本资料, 对该地区附生植物的物种组成与分布进行了整理。结果表明, 西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物共有29科134属486种, 约占全部维管植物的11%。附生兰科是最丰富的类群(69属293种), 其中以石斛属(Dendrobium) (49种)和石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum) (48种)物种数最多。蕨类是仅次于兰科的附生类群(13科38属97种), 其中水龙骨科(51种)占附生蕨类总数的50%以上。基于生活史和养分来源的划分标准, 该地区48%的附生物种属于兼性附生, 其次是以兰科为主的专性附生(46%), 半附生仅占6%。从区系上看, 西双版纳附生植物属的分布具有明显的热带亚洲性质。附生植物主要分布于资源受限的林冠生境, 对环境变化极为敏感, 在人为干扰日益加剧的背景下, 这类植物正面临严重威胁。因此, 需要加强对西双版纳林冠亚系统的保护。

关键词: 附生维管植物, 专性附生, 半附生, 兼性附生, 兰科, 水龙骨科, 林冠

Abstract

Epiphytes are important structural components of mountain forest ecosystems; however, they have been given insufficient attention because of accessibility issues. In this study, we analyzed the species composition and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in Xishuangbanna using field observations and herbarium specimens, combined with literature records. In total, 486 species (29 families, 134 genera) of vascular epiphytes were identified, contributing to ca. 11% to the Xishuangbanna’s vascular flora. Epiphytic orchids were the most abundant taxa (293 species, 69 genera), dominated by Dendrobium (49 species) and Bulbophyllum (48 species). Epiphytic ferns were the second most abundant taxa (13 families, 38 genera, 97 species), with more than half belonging to Polypodiaceae. Obligate, facultative and hemi-epiphytes accounted for 46%, 48%, and 6% of the species, respectively. Epiphytic orchids were the dominant taxa of obligate epiphytes. Analysis of floristic characteristics at the genus level revealed that epiphytic flora in Xishuangbanna belonged to Tropical Southeast Asia. Without access to soil, epiphytes must explore heterogeneous microhabitat in the forest canopy and are sensitive to environmental changes. They are seriously threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, conservation for canopy sub-systems is an urgent and practical need in Xishuangbanna.

Key words: vascular epiphytes, obligate epiphyte, hemi-epiphyte, facultative epiphyte, Orchidaceae, Polypodiaceae, canopy

吴毅, 宋亮, 刘强, 赵明旭, 卢华正, 谭运洪, 刘文耀 (2016) 西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物的物种多样性与区系特征. 生物多样性, 24, 271-279. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015308.

Yi Wu, Liang Song, Qiang Liu, Mingxu Zhao, Huazheng Lu, Yunhong Tan, Wenyao Liu (2016) Diversity and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in the tropical forest of Xishuangbanna. Biodiversity Science, 24, 271-279. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015308.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015308

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I3/271

图/表 4

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分布区类型 Areal types	种子植物 Seed plants		蕨类植物 Pteridophytes
分布区类型 Areal types	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	2	1.49	7	5.22
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	5	3.73	9	6.72
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	6	4.48	4	2.99
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	27	20.15	3	2.24
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	4	2.99	6	4.48
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Southeast Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Islands	41	30.60	4	2.99
2-7热带成分合计 2-7 Subtotal Tropical elements	85	63.43	33	24.63
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	3	2.24	-	-
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	8	5.97	5	3.73
合计 Total (134)	96	71.64	38	28.36

分布区类型 Areal types	种子植物 Seed plants		蕨类植物 Pteridophytes
分布区类型 Areal types	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)	属数 Number of genera	比例 Proportion (%)
1. 世界分布 Cosmopolitan	2	1.49	7	5.22
2. 泛热带分布 Pantropic	5	3.73	9	6.72
4. 旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	6	4.48	4	2.99
5. 热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australasia Oceania	27	20.15	3	2.24
6. 热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	4	2.99	6	4.48
7. 热带亚洲分布 Tropical Southeast Asia to Indo-Malaya & Tropical Southwest Pacific Islands	41	30.60	4	2.99
2-7热带成分合计 2-7 Subtotal Tropical elements	85	63.43	33	24.63
8. 北温带分布 North Temperate	3	2.24	-	-
14. 东亚分布 East Asia	8	5.97	5	3.73
合计 Total (134)	96	71.64	38	28.36

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[14]	金效华, 向小果, 陈彬. 怒江河谷低海拔地区残存原生植被中兰科植物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2011, 19(1): 120-123.
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西双版纳热带森林附生维管植物的物种多样性与区系特征

Diversity and floristic characteristics of vascular epiphytes in the tropical forest of Xishuangbanna

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