青藏高原东北部不同降水梯度下高山林线祁连圆柏径向生长与气候关系的比较

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0251

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 66-77.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0251

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：种群生态学

青藏高原东北部不同降水梯度下高山林线祁连圆柏径向生长与气候关系的比较

宋文琦¹,朱良军¹,张旭¹,王晓春^1,^*(),张远东^2,^*()

¹ 东北林业大学林学院生态研究中心, 哈尔滨 150040
² 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所, 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091

出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2018-01-18
通讯作者: 王晓春 ORCID: 0000-0002-8897-5077, 张远东
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31370463);国家自然科学基金(41471168);国家自然科学基金(31770490);国家自然科学基金(31370463);国家自然科学基金(41471168);国家自然科学基金(31770490);国际重点研发计划(2016YFA0600800);中央高校基本科研业务费高层次人才发展专项

Comparison of growth-climate relationship of Sabina przewalskii at different timberlines along a precipitation gradient in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

SONG Wen-Qi¹,ZHU Liang-Jun¹,ZHANG Xu¹,WANG Xiao-Chun^1,^*(),ZHANG Yuan-Dong^2,^*()

¹ Center For Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
and
² Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China

Online:2018-01-20 Published:2018-01-18
Contact: WANG Xiao-Chun ORCID: 0000-0002-8897-5077, ZHANG Yuan-Dong
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370463);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471168);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770490);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370463);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471168);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770490);the International Key Science Research Program(2016YFA0600800);the Fundamental Science Research Funds for the Central Universities High-level Talents Development.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了了解青藏高原东北部不同降水梯度下, 高山林线处的树木径向生长与气候关系是否存在差异, 在青海东北部从西北到东南沿降水梯度设置3个高山林线采样点: 乌兰县哈里哈图国家森林公园(HL, 年降水量217 mm)、都兰县曲什岗(QS, 281 mm)和同德县河北林场(HB, 470 mm), 运用树轮年轮学方法分析林线优势种祁连圆柏(Sabina przewalskii)的径向生长-气候关系随降水梯度的变化规律。结果表明: 不同降水梯度下, 降水对祁连圆柏径向生长的限制作用差异不明显, 但温度对祁连圆柏径向生长的影响存在显著差异。在低降水区域(HL), 冬、夏季最低气温主要限制祁连圆柏径向生长, 并且在不同气候特征年中无明显变化; 在中降水区域(QS), 祁连圆柏的径向生长明显受冬季最低气温影响, 与低降水区域相比, 春、夏季最低气温对祁连圆柏径向生长的限制作用减弱, 并且主要限制因子在不同气候特征年存在显著变化; 在高降水区域(HB), 冬、夏季最低气温对祁连圆柏径向生长的限制作用不显著, 而春、秋季最低气温对祁连圆柏径向生长的抑制作用显著增加, 并且主要集中在高温年和干旱年。该研究结果并未支持干旱(湿润)区高山林线树木径向生长主要由水分(温度)限制的假说, 但是林线处降水量会影响树木生长与温度的关系。随着青藏高原东北部暖湿化加剧, 不同地区林线处树木生长的气候限制因子可能存在复杂化趋势。

关键词: 高山林线, 气候限制因子, 降水梯度, 祁连圆柏, 青藏高原, 树轮指数

Abstract:

Aims To test the hypothesis that water is the main limiting factor of tree growth at the arid alpine timberline, and to explore the effects of water on growth-climate relationships of Sabina przewalskii along a precipitation gradient in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Methods Three sides were selected to sample the alpine timberline along a precipitation gradient in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau: Halihatu National Forest Park in Wulan County (HL, annual precipitation 217 mm), Qushigang in Dulan County (QS, 281 mm) and Hebei Forest Farm in Tongde County (HB, 470 mm). The correlation and response analysis at seasonal and extreme climate year scales were used to examine the spatial variations of the growth-climate relationship of S. przewalskii at different timberlines.

Important findings Our results do not support the hypothesis that water is the main limiting factor of tree growth at the arid alpine timberline. The effect of precipitation on the radial growth of S. przewalskii were consistent across all three sampling sites, while the effects of temperature were different across sites. At HL site (low precipitation), the winter and summer minimum temperature were the main limiting factor of S. przewalskii radial growth, and this relationship did not significantly change in different extreme climate years. At QS site (middle precipitation), the radial growth of S. przewalskii was mainly limited by the minimum temperature in spring and summer, but its effect was weaker than that at low precipitation site. At HB site (high precipitation), the spring temperature had a significant negative effect on tree growth, and the positive effect of spring precipitation on tree growth was significantly enhanced in comparison with those at low and middle precipitation sites, especially in extreme high temperature and drought years. Summer precipitation did not significantly affect tree growth at high precipitation site. Our results did not support the hypothesis that the radial growth of trees at alpine timberline in arid/humid area is mainly limited by water/temperature. However, precipitation at timberline will affect the relationship between tree growth and temperature at different seasons. With the warming and humidification of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the climatic limiting factors of tree growth in different timberline areas may be complicated.

Key words: alpine timberline, climate limiting factors, precipitation gradient, Sabina przewalskii, Qinghai-?Xizang Plateau, tree-ring index

宋文琦, 朱良军, 张旭, 王晓春, 张远东. 青藏高原东北部不同降水梯度下高山林线祁连圆柏径向生长与气候关系的比较. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(1): 66-77. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0251

SONG Wen-Qi, ZHU Liang-Jun, ZHANG Xu, WANG Xiao-Chun, ZHANG Yuan-Dong. Comparison of growth-climate relationship of Sabina przewalskii at different timberlines along a precipitation gradient in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(1): 66-77. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0251

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0251

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I1/66

图/表 7

图1 研究区域采样点、气象站及格点气象站分布位置。HB, 河北林场; HL, 哈里哈图国家森林公园; QS, 曲什岗地区。Prec, 降水量。

Fig. 1 Location of the sampling sites, weather stations and grid weather stations. HB, Hebei Forest Farm; HL, Halihatu National Forest Park; QS, Qushigang; Prec, precipitation.

表1 祁连圆柏标准年表采样点信息

Table 1 The information of the sampling sites for tree-ring standard chronologies of Sabina przewalskii

采样点 Sampling sites	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope (°)	年降水量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年平均气温 Annual mean air temperature (°C)
哈里哈图 Halihatu (HL)	37.05°	98.67°	3β972	西 West	25	217	-2.0
曲什岗 Qushi hillock (QS)	36.03°	98.19°	4β024	东 East	20	281	-1.8
河北林场 Hebei forest farm (HB)	34.76°	100.79°	3β791	西南 Southwest	21	470	-1.2

图2 各采样点1955-2015年各月和各季节平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和降水量。HB, 河北林场; HL, 哈里哈图国家森林公园; QS, 曲什岗地区。pWin, 上年冬季; Spr, 当年春季; Sum, 当年夏季; Aut, 当年秋季。

Fig. 2 Monthly and seasonally mean, maximum, and minimum air temperatures, and precipitation at each sampling site, 1955-2015. HB, Hebei Forest Farm; HL, Halihatu National Forest Park; QS, Qushigang. pWin, last winter; Spr, current spring; Sum, current summer; Aut, current autumn.

图3 林线祁连圆柏树木年轮指数及各年表样本量。左图为低龄年表, 右图为高龄年表。HB, 河北林场; HL, 哈里哈图国家森林公园; QS, 曲什岗地区。

Fig. 3 Tree-ring index of Sabina przewalskii in timberline and sampling depth of each chronology. The left and right figures indicate the tree-ring index of young- and old-growth S. przewalskii respectively. HB, Hebei Forest Farm; HL, Halihatu National Forest Park; QS, Qushigang.

表2 林线祁连圆柏标准年表的主要统计特征

Table 2 Statistics of the standard chronologies of Sabina przewalskii

采样点 Sampling site	时间跨度 Time span	标准年表特征值 Eigenvalue of standard chronology				公共区间统计量 Common interval analysis
采样点 Sampling site	时间跨度 Time span	MS	SD	MC	AC	SNR	EPS	VF
HL (高龄) HL (Old-growth)	1β112-2β015	0.17	0.22	0.29	0.45	27.1	0.96	30.7
HL (低龄) HL (Young-growth)	1β845-2β015	0.13	0.22	0.51	0.76	19.6	0.95	56.6
QS (高龄) QS (Old-growth)	1β275-2β015	0.14	0.18	0.20	0.50	15.2	0.94	25.0
QS (低龄) QS (Young-growth)	1β825-2β015	0.23	0.29	0.26	0.52	1.70	0.63	51.7
HB (低龄) HB (Young-growth)	1β841-2β015	0.24	0.27	0.29	0.48	17.6	0.95	32.7

图4 不同降水强度林线祁连圆柏径向生长与季节气候数据的相关性。红色表示正值; 蓝色表示负值; 底色阴影为显著相关(p < 0.05)。HB, 河北林场; HL, 哈里哈图国家森林公园; QS, 曲什岗地区。

Fig. 4 Correlation coefficients between the radial growth of Qilian juniper and seasonal climatic data along the precipitation gradient. The red rectangles denote positive correlations. The blue rectangles denote negative correlations. The shaded background denotes significance at p < 0.05 level of Pearson correlation. HB, Hebei Forest Farm; HL, Halihatu National Forest Park; QS, Qushigang.

图5 沿降水梯度祁连圆柏径向生长与不同气温、不同降水年季节气候因子的相关性。红色表示正值; 蓝色表示负值; 底色阴影为显著相关(p < 0.05); GHT, 生长季高温年; GLT, 生长季低温年; PHT, 生长季前高温年; PLT, 生长季前低温年。GD, 生长季干旱年; GW, 生长季湿润年; PD, 生长季前干旱年; PW, 生长季前湿润年。

Fig. 5 Correlation coefficients between the radial growth of Qilian juniper and seasonal climate data in different temperature and precipitation years along the precipitation gradient. The red rectangles denote the positive value. The blue rectangles denote the negative value. The shaded background denotes significance at p < 0.05 level of Pearson correlation. GHT, year of growing-season high temperature; GLT, year of growing-season low temperature; PHT, year of pre-season high temperature; PLT, year of pre-season low temperature. GD, year of drought growing season; GW, year of wet growing season; PD, year of drought pre-season; PW, year of wet pre-season. HB, Hebei Forest Farm; HL, Halihatu National Forest Park; QS, Qushigang.

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青藏高原东北部不同降水梯度下高山林线祁连圆柏径向生长与气候关系的比较

Comparison of growth-climate relationship of Sabina przewalskii at different timberlines along a precipitation gradient in the northeast Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China

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