Effect of water level fluctuation frequency on Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens in autumn

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

Abstract

Abstract: Aims

In wetlands, water levels can fluctuate, which often disturbs local organisms, such as aquatic plants. The responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, and Ludwigia adscendens to water level fluctuations of different frequencies were examined here.

Methods

Water level fluctuations were simulated at four frequencies: static (0 frequency), one cycle (1 frequency), two cycles (2 frequency), and four cycles (4 frequency), and with fluctuation amplitudes (± 25 cm) during a 60 day experiment. Morphological and physiological traits of plants, including branching number, shoot length, total biomass, shoot root ratio, chlorophyll content, and maximum PSII quantum efficiency(F_v/F_m) were assessed.

Important findings

Water level fluctuation was found to have no significant impact on branching number, root shoot ratio, or F_v/F_m of A. philoxeroides,but all scenarios except 1 frequency were significantly associated with longer shoots and lower total biomass and chlorophyll content. The traits of M. aquaticumshowed different responses to water level fluctuation: branching number and F_v/F_m showed no changes, but shoot length (2 frequency) and root shoot ratio (1 and 4 frequency) increased significantly, and total biomass and chlorophyll content (expect 4 frequency) decreased. In L. adscendens, water level fluctuation was associated with lower branching number in all scenarios except 2 frequency, shoot length in all scenarios except 1 and 2 frequency, total biomass in all scenarios except 2 frequency, and chlorophyll content but had no significant effects on root shoot ratio or F_v/F_m. Under most water level fluctuation conditions, the branching number, shoot length, total biomass, chlorophyll content, and F_v/F_m of L. adscendens were significant higher than those of A. philoxeroides and M. aquaticum, and the latter two had no significant differences.

Results

suggested that water level fluctuations were the limiting factor for the growth of three species in autumn. Alternanthera philoxeroides and M. aquaticumdid not show higher invasiveness in environments in which the water level fluctuated in autumn but did show higher tolerance and plasticity in response to water level fluctuations in general. This was related to the invasiveness of introduced species.

Results

also indicated that preventive efforts focusing on potential invasion by M. aquaticum should be strengthened.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201605007

Key words: water level fluctuation, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Ludwigia adscendens, morphology, physiology

Xiu-Wen CHEN, Dan YU, Chun-Hua LIU. Effect of water level fluctuation frequency on Alternanthera philoxeroides, Myriophyllum aquaticum and Ludwigia adscendens in autumn[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(5): 493-501.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0174

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I5/493

Figures/Tables 4

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方差来源 Source of variation	处理 Treatment	物种 Species	处理×物种 Treatment × species
分枝数 Branching number	46.496^***	57.285^***	110.719^***
株高 Shoot length	11.593^**	116.742^***	136.719^***
总生物量 Total biomass	35.962^***	74.402^***	122.205^***
根冠比 Root shoot ratio	0.946^ns	0.932^ns	8.460^***
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	19.405^***	16.379^***	45.39^***
最大光化学量子产量 Maximum PSII quantum efficiency	6.934^ns	93.935^***	106.524^***

方差来源 Source of variation	处理 Treatment	物种 Species	处理×物种 Treatment × species
分枝数 Branching number	46.496^***	57.285^***	110.719^***
株高 Shoot length	11.593^**	116.742^***	136.719^***
总生物量 Total biomass	35.962^***	74.402^***	122.205^***
根冠比 Root shoot ratio	0.946^ns	0.932^ns	8.460^***
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	19.405^***	16.379^***	45.39^***
最大光化学量子产量 Maximum PSII quantum efficiency	6.934^ns	93.935^***	106.524^***

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