Allelopathy comparison between Castanea mollissima and C. dentata

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00018

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Castanea mollissima and C. dentata are typical chestnut species in Asia and North America, respectively. They play important roles in the ecology and economy in their existing forest ecosystems. Chestnut blight has caused catastrophic losses of C. dentata populations since 1904. It is especially important to understand the differences in chemical ecology characteristics between C. dentata and C. mollissima when scientists try to make use of blight resistance of C. dentata to help the recovery of C. mollissima populations in North America. The objective of this research is to compare the allelopathy effect of C. dentata and C. mollissima by leaf water extract bioassay method.
Methods Using germination rate and vigor as seed germination parameters and radicle, plumule elongation and fresh weight change of seedling as seedling growth parameters, we studied the effect of water extract of C. mollissima leaves on dicotyledons lettuce, radish and cucumber and monocotyledons onion, rice and wheat. We compared the allelopathic intensity of water extract and 11 elution components that were separated by X-5 macroporous resins from water extract of C. dentata and C. mollissima. The strongest allelopathic fraction of C. dentata and C. mollissima was analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique and standard substance counterevidence experiment.
Important findings Evidence of inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of test plants indicated that water extract of C. mollissima leaf has allelopathic properties. Data on inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce indicated that the allelopathy of C. mollissima leaves was stronger than C. dentata leaves. The allelochemicals of C. dentata and C. mollissima extracts are in 7:3, 6:4 and 5:5 elution fractions, as documented by the bioassay data. The strongest allelopathy fraction of C. dentata and C. mollissima extract (5:5 elution fraction) contained chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, etc. Results suggest that the difference of chemical ecology characteristics between C. dentata and C. mollissima should not be ignored by restoration ecologists.

Key words: allelopathy, Castanea, liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, seed germination, seedling growth

LI Xiao-Juan, WANG Qiang, NI Sui, RUAN Xiao, WANG Yong-Hong, ZHANG Huan, Geoff WANG. Allelopathy comparison between Castanea mollissima and C. dentata[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(2): 173-182.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00018

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I2/173

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 Effect of water extract of Castanea molissima leaf on germination of test plants (mean ± SD, n = 3). I, Lactuca sativa. II, Raphanus sativus. III, Cucumis sativus. IV, Allium cepa. V, Oryza sativa. VI, Triticum aestivum. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effect of water extract of Castanea molissima leaf on radicle and plumule length of test plants (mean ± SD, n = 3). I, Lactuca sativa. II, Raphanus sativus. III, Cucumis sativus. IV, Allium cepa. V, Oryza sativa. VI, Triticum aestivum. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons ( p = 0.05).

Fig. 3 Effect of water extract of Castanea molissima leaf on the fresh weight of test plants (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Lactuca sativa. B, Raphanus sativus. C, Cucumis sativus. D, Allium cepa. E, Oryza sativa. F, Triticum aestivum. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05).

Table 1 Quantitative analysis of isolated components of Castanea dentata and C. molissima (mean ± SD, n = 3)

组分中水:乙醇 Ratio of water to ethanol in component	干重 Dry weight (g)
组分中水:乙醇 Ratio of water to ethanol in component	美国板栗 Castanea dentata	栗 Castanea molissima
10:0	3.355 ± 0.121	3.331 ± 0.152
9:1	1.145 ± 0.056	0.334 ± 0.020
8:2	0.873 ± 0.022	0.780 ± 0.028
7:3	0.813 ± 0.030	0.925 ± 0.030^*
6:4	0.364 ± 0.012	0.422 ± 0.024^*
5:5	0.101 ± 0.005	0.109 ± 0.008
4:6	0.043 ± 0.009	0.090 ± 0.012
3:7	0.056 ± 0.018	0.137 ± 0.040
2:8	0.051 ± 0.012	0.051 ± 0.033
1:9	0.054 ± 0.028	0.060 ± 0.045
0:10	0.043 ± 0.022	0.081 ± 0.055
总重量 Total weight	6.025 ± 0.059^A	6.021 ± 0.034^a
总上样量 Total sample weight	6.089 ± 0.062^A	6.052 ± 0.042^a

Fig. 4 Effect of isolated components of Castanea dentata and C. molissima on seed germination of lettuce (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Germination vigor. B, Germination rate. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05)

Fig. 5 Effect of isolated components of Castanea dentata and C. molissima on lettuce seedlings (mean ± SD, n = 3). A, Radicle. B, Plumule. C, Fresh weight. Means marked with different letters are significantly different according to least significant difference multiple comparisons (p = 0.05)

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