Effects of water and nitrogen supply on parameters of root and leaf senescence in cotton plants grown under root restriction and with under-mulch drip irrigation

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00026

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objective was to evaluate the influence of the water and nitrogen treatments on parameters of root and leaf senescence in cotton plants grown under root restriction and with under-mulch drip irrigation.

Methodss Our experimental materials were upland cotton cultivars ‘Xinluzao 13’ and ‘Xinluzao 33’, which are the main cultivars grown in the study region of northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. Treatments consisted of root restriction (RR), unrestricted root system (CK, control) and four levels of water and nitrogen supply: water and nitrogen deficiency (W₀N₀), water deficiency (W₀N₁), nitrogen deficiency (W₁N₀) and moderate supply of water and nitrogen (W₁N₁). The treatments were applied in a split-split plot design. Cotton plants were cultivated in soil columns to control the vertical depth of root growth and to regulate application of water and nitrogen. We measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the root and leaf and the accumulation and distribution of biomass at the yield-determining stages (from flowering to the full boll opening stage).

Important findings The root biomass, activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase) in the root and leaf, total plant biomass and the root/shoot ratio under root restriction decreased compared with the control. In contrast, aboveground biomass and cotton yield under root restriction were considerably higher than with the control. The supply of water and nitrogen effectively regulated root and leaf growth. With regard to their effects on antioxidant enzyme activity in the root and leaf, SPAD chlorophyll content, aboveground biomass and cotton yield, the water and nitrogen treatments were ranked as W₁N₁ > W₀N₁ > W₁N₀ > W₀N₀. In contrast and with regard to the shoot/root ratio and root biomass, the treatments were ranked as W₀N₀ > W₁N₀ > W₀N₁ > W₁N₁. Consequently, interaction between root restriction and the applied water and nitrogen regime had a marked effect on cotton growth and yield. Root restriction in conjunction with a moderate supply of water and nitrogen was the optimal treatment for aboveground biomass and cotton yield, whereas the root/shoot ratio was lowest in this treatment.

Key words: activity of antioxidant enzyme, biomass, cotton, root restriction, water and nitrogen supply

TAO Xian-Ping, LUO Hong-Hai, YANG Hai, DING Quan-Sheng, ZHANG Ya-Li, ZHANG Wang-Feng. Effects of water and nitrogen supply on parameters of root and leaf senescence in cotton plants grown under root restriction and with under-mulch drip irrigation[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(3): 256-267.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00026

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Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Sketch diagram of experimental equipment. CK, control; RR, root restriction.

Fig. 2 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on root biomass of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

Fig. 3 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on malondialdehyde (MDA) content in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

Fig. 4 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

Fig. 5 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on peroxidase (POD) activities in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

Fig. 6 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on catalase (CAT) activities in root of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen. Different small letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different treatments.

Fig. 7 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on leaf SPAD value of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

Fig. 8 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

Fig. 9 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

Fig. 10 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on peroxidase (POD) activities in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

Fig. 11 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on catalase (CAT) activities in leaf of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD). CK, control; BO, boll opening stage; F, flowering stage; FBO, full boll opening stage; FF, full flowering stage; LFB, late full boll stage; PFB, prophase full boll stage; RR, root restriction; W0N0, water and nitrogen deficiency; W0N1, water deficiency; W1N0, nitrogen deficiency; W1N1, moderate supply of water and nitrogen.

Table 1 Effects of water and nitrogen application regimes on accumulation and distribution of biomass of cotton cultivated under root restriction (mean ± SD)

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	地上部分生物量 Shoot biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root/shoot	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (g·m^-2)
‘新陆早13号’ ‘Xinluzao 13’	RRW₀N₀	59.41 ± 5.34^e	91.44 ± 6.24^e	0.54 ± 0.02^b	192.5 ± 1.1^g
	RRW₀N₁	86.06 ± 7.86^b	104.77 ± 5.74^c	0.22 ± 0.01^g	354.1 ± 3.5^c
	RRW₁N₀	69.38 ± 6.39^d	101.84 ± 4.47^d	0.47 ± 0.01^d	299.4 ± 2.2^e
	RRW₁N₁	94.08 ± 8.04^a	113.96 ± 5.77^b	0.21 ± 0.00^g	453.9 ± 4.1^a
	CKW₀N₀	57.29 ± 4.79^f	92.69 ± 6.85^e	0.62 ± 0.03^a	141.8 ± 1.3^h
	CKW₀N₁	77.54 ± 6.47^c	105.66 ± 5.52^c	0.36 ± 0.01^e	330.0 ± 2.2^d
	CKW₁N₀	68.38 ± 5.83^d	102.30 ± 5.70^d	0.50 ± 0.02^c	276.2 ± 1.1^f
	CKW₁N₁	92.04 ± 9.03^a	115.71 ± 5.79^a	0.26 ± 0.01^f	411.8 ± 6.8^b
‘新陆早33号’ ‘Xinluzao 33’	RRW₀N₀	65.79 ± 5.96^g	100.36 ± 6.89^e	0.53 ± 0.02^b	205.5 ± 1.4^g
	RRW₀N₁	96.18 ± 8.16^c	107.02 ± 5.10^c	0.11 ± 0.01^f	448.9 ± 1.1^c
	RRW₁N₀	84.06 ± 7.08^d	103.83 ± 5.15^d	0.24 ± 0.01^e	420.1 ± 6.4^d
	RRW₁N₁	115.45 ± 9.14^a	120.19 ± 6.77^b	0.04 ± 0.00^h	881.8 ± 21.6^a
	CKW₀N₀	60.30 ± 5.63^h	101.67 ± 6.81^e	0.69 ± 0.03^a	196.5 ± 1.8^g
	CKW₀N₁	79.72 ± 7.02^e	108.06 ± 5.24^c	0.36 ± 0.02^d	402.4 ± 2.4^e
	CKW₁N₀	73.38 ± 6.83^f	103.98 ± 5.94^d	0.42 ± 0.02^c	325.0 ± 7.8^f
	CKW₁N₁	113.77 ± 8.77^b	122.07 ± 6.60^a	0.07 ± 0.00^g	642.7 ± 13.5^b

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