Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (9): 1019-1028.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00096
Special Issue: 稳定同位素生态学
Received:
2014-04-03
Accepted:
2014-05-23
Online:
2014-04-03
Published:
2014-09-22
Contact:
LI Yong-Geng
SU Hua,LIU Wei,LI Yong-Geng. Ecological implications of hydraulic redistribution in nutrient cycling of soil-plant system[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(9): 1019-1028.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00096
Fig. 1 Schematic illustrations of different types of hydraulic redistribution (HR). Upward HR is the most commonly observed type of HR and takes place when shallow soil layers are drier than deep layers. Downward HR takes place under certain conditions when shallow soil layers are wetter than deep soil layers (e.g. after a large rain event). Lateral HR is the horizontal redistribution of soil water between soil layers at same depth but with different water potentials. Ψ denotes soil water potentials. Different sizes of the Ψ label indicate different levels of water potential; the bigger size means higher the water potential, and vice versa. Arrows indicate the direction of water movement. Adapted from Prieto et al. (2012b) and Liu et al. (2007).
Fig. 2 Diagram of the effects of hydraulic redistribution (HR) on individual plants, communities and ecosystems. Bold boxes, effects on community or ecosystem scale; common boxes, biological or physical processes; bold arrows, water release and absorption; solid fine arrows, direction of the proved processes. dotted fine arrows, direction of the unproved processes or processes that need further study. NEE, net ecosystem exchange; OM, organic materials.
序号 No. | 地点 Site | 物种 Species | 类型 Type | 主要结果 Main findings | 文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonal arid area | Pseudotsuga pomderosa | HL | 干旱季节末期, HL提供的水量占上层土壤(15-60 cm)含水量日恢复量的60%-80%。 Water provided by HL represented 60%-80% of the water extracted in the upper soil (15-60 cm) daily at the end of drought. | |
2 | 野外条件下的农田生态系统 Agricultural ecosystems under field conditions | Vitis riparia × V. berlandieri cv. 420A | HL & LHR | 7天后, 在未曾灌溉侧根系附近的土壤中检测到同位素标记氘。 Deuterium was eventually detected in rhizosphere soils adjacent to roots on the non-irrigated side after 7 d. | |
3 | 半干旱林地 Semiarid woodland | Pseudotsuga menziesii | HL | 在活跃期间, HL能为上层土壤提供日消耗量的40%。 In the most active periods, HL replenished approximately 40% of the water depleted from the upper soil on a daily basis. | |
4 | 地中海萨王纳 Mediterranean savanna | Quercus suber | HL | 干旱季节, HL能为树木提供占其次日蒸腾量17%-81%的水分。 HL was estimated to account for 17%-81% of the water used during the following day by trees at the peak of the drought season. | |
5 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonal arid area | P. pomderosa, P. menziesii | HL | HL能提供地区季节性总需水量的3%-9%。 HL accounted for 3%-9% of the estimated total site water depletion seasonally. | |
6 | 农林交错带 Agroforestry parklands | Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa | HL | 上层土壤的养分可利用率越高, 则水分提升越强, 提升的水量占总蒸腾量的53%-60%。 HL was more intense under higher nutrient availability in the upper soil layers; lifted water represented 53%-60% of total water transpired. | |
7 | 半干旱林地 Semiarid woodland | Quercus fusiformis, Bumelia lanuginosa, Prosopis glandulosa | HL & LHR | 提升的水量占总蒸腾量的22%。 Water lifted by HL represented 22% of total water transpired. | |
8 | 半干旱沿海平原 Semiarid coastal plain | Pinus taeda | HL | 提升的水量占总蒸腾量的30%-50%。 Water lifted by HL represented 30%-50% of total water transpired. | |
9 | 干旱区荒漠河岸 Desert riparian forest | Populus euphratica | HL | HL为上层土壤提供的水分占日消耗量的28%-38%。 Water provided by HL replenished 28%-38% of the water depleted from the upper soil on a daily basis. | |
10 | 西澳大利亚半干旱区 Semiarid areas in Western Australia | Eucalyptus kochii | HL | 提水量占日蒸腾量的27%, 将表层土壤含水量提高30%。 Water lifted by HL represented 27% of total water transpired, increasing water in the upper soil layer by 30%. | |
11 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonally arid area | Pinus ponderosa | HL | 干旱季节, HL提供的水量占上层土壤含水量日恢复量的80%。 HL accounted for 80% of daily recovery of soil water content in the upper soil layers in the dry season. | |
12 | 干旱荒漠河岸 Desert riparian forest | Populus euphratica | HL | 提水量可以满足植物22%-41%的水分需求。 Water lifted by HL could meet 22%-41% of plant water demand. | |
13 | 干旱荒漠河岸 Desert riparian forest | P. euphratica | HL | HL提高上层土壤(0-120 cm)湿度, 约占植物日间水分利用量的10%-20%。 HL could improve soil moisture, providing approximately 10%-20% of daily water used in the upper soil layers (0-120 cm). | |
14 | 半干旱区 Arid area | Artemisia tridentate | HD | 降雨事件后87%-100%的雨水被根系运送到0.3 m以下的土壤中。 After a rainfall, 87%-100% of rainwater could be moved downwards bellow 0.3 m by roots. | |
15 | 半干旱冲积平原 Floodplain terrace in semiarid south-eastern Arizona | Juglans major | HL & HD | 根系向下移动的水量占总蒸腾量的10%-60%。 The water moved below by roots is 10%-60% of total transpired water. | |
16 | 亚马逊热带雨林 Amazon rainforest | Coussarea racemosa, Manilkara huberi, Protium robustum | HL & HD | 缓解水分胁迫, 改善降雨入渗。 HR ameliorate water stress and improve rain infiltration. | |
序号 No. | 地点 Site | 物种 Species | 类型 Type | 主要结果 Main findings | 文献 Reference |
17 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonal arid area | Bromus tectorum | HL & HD | 再分配的水量占植物根区储水量的显著比例。 The amount of water redistributed represented a significant proportion of what can be stored in the rooted zone. | |
18 | 半干旱区农田 Semiarid farms | Protea ‘Sylvia’ | HL & HD | 盆栽的 Protea ‘Sylvia’再分配了所提供的氚水的约17%, 相当于(34 ± 1.2) mL·plant-1; 生长在风成沙中的 Protea ‘Sylvia’能吸收利用1.2 m深度添加的氘水, 这些重水之后被重新分配到上层土壤中(0.2-0.4 m), 表现为土壤水的δ2H从(-24.5 ± 0.7)‰上升到(-8.0 ± 3.0)‰, 土壤湿度从0.48%上升到0.89%。 Protea ‘Sylvia’ redistributed similar to 17% of the tritiated water supplied, equating to (34 ± 1.2) mL·plant-1. In the field, Protea ‘Sylvia’ plants growing in aeolian sands took up the deuterated water applied at 1.2 m depth as indicated by increased δ2H. This deuterated water was then redistributed to the upper soil layer (0.2 and 0.4 m), as indicated by increased δ2H of soil water from (-24.5 ± 0.7)‰ to (-8.0 ± 3.0)‰ and soil moisture from 0.48% to 0.89%. |
Table 1 Effects of hydraulic redistribution on plant transpiration and soil water content
序号 No. | 地点 Site | 物种 Species | 类型 Type | 主要结果 Main findings | 文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonal arid area | Pseudotsuga pomderosa | HL | 干旱季节末期, HL提供的水量占上层土壤(15-60 cm)含水量日恢复量的60%-80%。 Water provided by HL represented 60%-80% of the water extracted in the upper soil (15-60 cm) daily at the end of drought. | |
2 | 野外条件下的农田生态系统 Agricultural ecosystems under field conditions | Vitis riparia × V. berlandieri cv. 420A | HL & LHR | 7天后, 在未曾灌溉侧根系附近的土壤中检测到同位素标记氘。 Deuterium was eventually detected in rhizosphere soils adjacent to roots on the non-irrigated side after 7 d. | |
3 | 半干旱林地 Semiarid woodland | Pseudotsuga menziesii | HL | 在活跃期间, HL能为上层土壤提供日消耗量的40%。 In the most active periods, HL replenished approximately 40% of the water depleted from the upper soil on a daily basis. | |
4 | 地中海萨王纳 Mediterranean savanna | Quercus suber | HL | 干旱季节, HL能为树木提供占其次日蒸腾量17%-81%的水分。 HL was estimated to account for 17%-81% of the water used during the following day by trees at the peak of the drought season. | |
5 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonal arid area | P. pomderosa, P. menziesii | HL | HL能提供地区季节性总需水量的3%-9%。 HL accounted for 3%-9% of the estimated total site water depletion seasonally. | |
6 | 农林交错带 Agroforestry parklands | Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa | HL | 上层土壤的养分可利用率越高, 则水分提升越强, 提升的水量占总蒸腾量的53%-60%。 HL was more intense under higher nutrient availability in the upper soil layers; lifted water represented 53%-60% of total water transpired. | |
7 | 半干旱林地 Semiarid woodland | Quercus fusiformis, Bumelia lanuginosa, Prosopis glandulosa | HL & LHR | 提升的水量占总蒸腾量的22%。 Water lifted by HL represented 22% of total water transpired. | |
8 | 半干旱沿海平原 Semiarid coastal plain | Pinus taeda | HL | 提升的水量占总蒸腾量的30%-50%。 Water lifted by HL represented 30%-50% of total water transpired. | |
9 | 干旱区荒漠河岸 Desert riparian forest | Populus euphratica | HL | HL为上层土壤提供的水分占日消耗量的28%-38%。 Water provided by HL replenished 28%-38% of the water depleted from the upper soil on a daily basis. | |
10 | 西澳大利亚半干旱区 Semiarid areas in Western Australia | Eucalyptus kochii | HL | 提水量占日蒸腾量的27%, 将表层土壤含水量提高30%。 Water lifted by HL represented 27% of total water transpired, increasing water in the upper soil layer by 30%. | |
11 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonally arid area | Pinus ponderosa | HL | 干旱季节, HL提供的水量占上层土壤含水量日恢复量的80%。 HL accounted for 80% of daily recovery of soil water content in the upper soil layers in the dry season. | |
12 | 干旱荒漠河岸 Desert riparian forest | Populus euphratica | HL | 提水量可以满足植物22%-41%的水分需求。 Water lifted by HL could meet 22%-41% of plant water demand. | |
13 | 干旱荒漠河岸 Desert riparian forest | P. euphratica | HL | HL提高上层土壤(0-120 cm)湿度, 约占植物日间水分利用量的10%-20%。 HL could improve soil moisture, providing approximately 10%-20% of daily water used in the upper soil layers (0-120 cm). | |
14 | 半干旱区 Arid area | Artemisia tridentate | HD | 降雨事件后87%-100%的雨水被根系运送到0.3 m以下的土壤中。 After a rainfall, 87%-100% of rainwater could be moved downwards bellow 0.3 m by roots. | |
15 | 半干旱冲积平原 Floodplain terrace in semiarid south-eastern Arizona | Juglans major | HL & HD | 根系向下移动的水量占总蒸腾量的10%-60%。 The water moved below by roots is 10%-60% of total transpired water. | |
16 | 亚马逊热带雨林 Amazon rainforest | Coussarea racemosa, Manilkara huberi, Protium robustum | HL & HD | 缓解水分胁迫, 改善降雨入渗。 HR ameliorate water stress and improve rain infiltration. | |
序号 No. | 地点 Site | 物种 Species | 类型 Type | 主要结果 Main findings | 文献 Reference |
17 | 季节性干旱区 Seasonal arid area | Bromus tectorum | HL & HD | 再分配的水量占植物根区储水量的显著比例。 The amount of water redistributed represented a significant proportion of what can be stored in the rooted zone. | |
18 | 半干旱区农田 Semiarid farms | Protea ‘Sylvia’ | HL & HD | 盆栽的 Protea ‘Sylvia’再分配了所提供的氚水的约17%, 相当于(34 ± 1.2) mL·plant-1; 生长在风成沙中的 Protea ‘Sylvia’能吸收利用1.2 m深度添加的氘水, 这些重水之后被重新分配到上层土壤中(0.2-0.4 m), 表现为土壤水的δ2H从(-24.5 ± 0.7)‰上升到(-8.0 ± 3.0)‰, 土壤湿度从0.48%上升到0.89%。 Protea ‘Sylvia’ redistributed similar to 17% of the tritiated water supplied, equating to (34 ± 1.2) mL·plant-1. In the field, Protea ‘Sylvia’ plants growing in aeolian sands took up the deuterated water applied at 1.2 m depth as indicated by increased δ2H. This deuterated water was then redistributed to the upper soil layer (0.2 and 0.4 m), as indicated by increased δ2H of soil water from (-24.5 ± 0.7)‰ to (-8.0 ± 3.0)‰ and soil moisture from 0.48% to 0.89%. |
发生HR的植物种 Species engaged in HR | 相邻的植物种 Adjacent plant species | 生活型 Life form | 生态效应 Ecological effect | 文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pinus halepensis | Pistacia lentiscus | 灌木 Shrub | 正效应 Positive | |
Acacia tortilis | Cynodon dactylon | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | |
Panicum maximum | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | ||
Cenchrus ciliaris | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | ||
Markhamia lutea | Oryza sativa | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | |
Prosopis velutina | Zanthoxylum fagara | 灌木 Shrub | 正效应 Positive | |
Berberis trifoliolata | 灌木 Shrub | 中性效应 Neutral | ||
Condalia hookeri | 灌木 Shrub | 负效应 Negative | ||
Pseudotsuga meinziesii | Pseudotsuga meinziesii | 树木 Tree | 中性效应 Neutral | |
Pinus ponderosa | Festuca pallescens | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | |
Protea | Leysera gnaphalodes | 灌木 Shrub | 负效应 Negative | |
Cyanodon dactylon | 草本 Grass | 正效应 Positive | ||
Pistacia lentiscus | Juniperus phoenicia | 灌木 Shrub | 负效应 Negative | |
Retama sphaerocarpa | Marrubium vulgare | 灌木 Shrub | 正/负效应 Positive/Negative |
Table 2 Summary of related works in the past decade analyzing the effects of hydraulic redistribution (HR) on plant-plant interactions
发生HR的植物种 Species engaged in HR | 相邻的植物种 Adjacent plant species | 生活型 Life form | 生态效应 Ecological effect | 文献 Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pinus halepensis | Pistacia lentiscus | 灌木 Shrub | 正效应 Positive | |
Acacia tortilis | Cynodon dactylon | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | |
Panicum maximum | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | ||
Cenchrus ciliaris | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | ||
Markhamia lutea | Oryza sativa | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | |
Prosopis velutina | Zanthoxylum fagara | 灌木 Shrub | 正效应 Positive | |
Berberis trifoliolata | 灌木 Shrub | 中性效应 Neutral | ||
Condalia hookeri | 灌木 Shrub | 负效应 Negative | ||
Pseudotsuga meinziesii | Pseudotsuga meinziesii | 树木 Tree | 中性效应 Neutral | |
Pinus ponderosa | Festuca pallescens | 草本 Grass | 负效应 Negative | |
Protea | Leysera gnaphalodes | 灌木 Shrub | 负效应 Negative | |
Cyanodon dactylon | 草本 Grass | 正效应 Positive | ||
Pistacia lentiscus | Juniperus phoenicia | 灌木 Shrub | 负效应 Negative | |
Retama sphaerocarpa | Marrubium vulgare | 灌木 Shrub | 正/负效应 Positive/Negative |
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