Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2008, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 123-132.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.01.014
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
LIU Jun-Shan1, GAO Qiong1,*(), GUO Ke2, LIU Xin-Ping3, SHAO Zhen-Yan1, ZHANG Zhi-Cai1
Received:
2006-12-25
Accepted:
2007-06-11
Online:
2008-12-25
Published:
2008-01-30
Contact:
GAO Qiong
LIU Jun-Shan, GAO Qiong, GUO Ke, LIU Xin-Ping, SHAO Zhen-Yan, ZHANG Zhi-Cai. ACTUAL EVAPORATION OF BARE SAND DUNES IN MAOWUSU, CHINA AND ITS RESPONSE TO PRECIPITATION PATTERN[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2008, 32(1): 123-132.
Fig.1 Comparison of simulated and observed soil moisture profile of bare sand dune Open figures represent simulated results, closed figures represent observed results. Circles represent soil moisture in the early spring, squares in the day after 41 mm rainfall in the middle summer, triangles in the late autumn
参数 Parameter | 符号 Symbol | 值 Value | 单位 Units |
---|---|---|---|
饱和含水量 Volumetric soil water content at saturation | θs | 0.39 | m·m-1 |
残余含水率 Residual volumetric soil water content | θr | 0.01 | m·m-1 |
土壤水分特征参数 Fitting parameter for soil water retention curve | α | 0.029 3 | cm-1 |
土壤水分特征参数 Fitting parameter for soil water retention curve | n | 1.751 8 | - |
饱和导水率 Soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation | Ks | 14.2 | m·d-1 |
蒸发调整系数 Fitting parameter for evaporation | β | 6 | - |
持水参数 Parameter for water-holding | θf | 0.13 | m·m-1 |
Table 1 Model parameters used in simulations
参数 Parameter | 符号 Symbol | 值 Value | 单位 Units |
---|---|---|---|
饱和含水量 Volumetric soil water content at saturation | θs | 0.39 | m·m-1 |
残余含水率 Residual volumetric soil water content | θr | 0.01 | m·m-1 |
土壤水分特征参数 Fitting parameter for soil water retention curve | α | 0.029 3 | cm-1 |
土壤水分特征参数 Fitting parameter for soil water retention curve | n | 1.751 8 | - |
饱和导水率 Soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation | Ks | 14.2 | m·d-1 |
蒸发调整系数 Fitting parameter for evaporation | β | 6 | - |
持水参数 Parameter for water-holding | θf | 0.13 | m·m-1 |
深度 Depth (m) | 实验( | 模拟 Simulations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均 Average | 冬季 Winter | 平均 Average | 冬季 Winter | ||
1 | 77.9±3.6 | 59.7±5.4 | 76.3 | 66.1 | |
1.5 | 118.1±5.2 | - | 113.2 | 105.7 |
Table 2 Water reserves within 1 and 1.5 m
深度 Depth (m) | 实验( | 模拟 Simulations | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均 Average | 冬季 Winter | 平均 Average | 冬季 Winter | ||
1 | 77.9±3.6 | 59.7±5.4 | 76.3 | 66.1 | |
1.5 | 118.1±5.2 | - | 113.2 | 105.7 |
月份 Month | 降雨量 Rainfalls (mm) | 潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (mm) | 实际蒸发量 Evaporation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 54.7 | 2.2 |
2 | 0 | 64.5 | 2.2 |
3 | 0 | 116.7 | 2.8 |
4 | 0 | 235.2 | 2.8 |
5 | 11.5 | 346.7 | 7.2 |
6 | 3.7 | 415.2 | 9.5 |
7 | 80.2 | 316.2 | 31.7 |
8 | 140.7 | 242.3 | 34.6 |
9 | 59.1 | 195.5 | 24.1 |
10 | 40.5 | 115.6 | 12.8 |
11 | 0 | 94.3 | 7.7 |
12 | 0 | 65.4 | 4.0 |
累计Sum | 335.7 | 2 262.3 | 142.9 |
Table 3 Rainfalls and evaporations in the different months of 1968
月份 Month | 降雨量 Rainfalls (mm) | 潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration (mm) | 实际蒸发量 Evaporation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 0 | 54.7 | 2.2 |
2 | 0 | 64.5 | 2.2 |
3 | 0 | 116.7 | 2.8 |
4 | 0 | 235.2 | 2.8 |
5 | 11.5 | 346.7 | 7.2 |
6 | 3.7 | 415.2 | 9.5 |
7 | 80.2 | 316.2 | 31.7 |
8 | 140.7 | 242.3 | 34.6 |
9 | 59.1 | 195.5 | 24.1 |
10 | 40.5 | 115.6 | 12.8 |
11 | 0 | 94.3 | 7.7 |
12 | 0 | 65.4 | 4.0 |
累计Sum | 335.7 | 2 262.3 | 142.9 |
单次降雨量 Single rainfall (mm) | 次数 Times | 最小蒸发量 Minimum evaporation (mm) | 最大蒸发量 Maximum evaporation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
<5 | 32 | 27.4 | 54.8 |
5~12 | 12 | 39.9 | 79.8 |
>12 | 9 | 38.3 | 76.6 |
累计Sum | 53 | 105.5 | 211.0 |
Table 4 Evaporation estimation of 1968 by rainfall-EV model
单次降雨量 Single rainfall (mm) | 次数 Times | 最小蒸发量 Minimum evaporation (mm) | 最大蒸发量 Maximum evaporation (mm) |
---|---|---|---|
<5 | 32 | 27.4 | 54.8 |
5~12 | 12 | 39.9 | 79.8 |
>12 | 9 | 38.3 | 76.6 |
累计Sum | 53 | 105.5 | 211.0 |
单次降雨量 Single rainfall (mm) | 年次数 Annual times | 多年趋势 Tendency (time·a-1) | 对降雨量贡献 Sum for precipitation (mm) | 多年趋势 Tendency (mm·a-1) | 对蒸发量贡献 Sum for evaporation (mm) | 多年趋势 Tendency (mm·a-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<5 | 41.97±9.63 | 0.42** | 60.72±16.55 | 0.82** | 51.61±14.07 | 0.69** |
5~12 | 10.26±3.48 | - | 79.61±27.61 | - | 55.65±19.03 | - |
>12 | 7.74±3.20 | - | 185.30±92.68 | - | 55.89±23.14 | - |
Table 5 Annual frequency, contribution to annual precipitation and actual evaporation, and tendency of different rain types
单次降雨量 Single rainfall (mm) | 年次数 Annual times | 多年趋势 Tendency (time·a-1) | 对降雨量贡献 Sum for precipitation (mm) | 多年趋势 Tendency (mm·a-1) | 对蒸发量贡献 Sum for evaporation (mm) | 多年趋势 Tendency (mm·a-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<5 | 41.97±9.63 | 0.42** | 60.72±16.55 | 0.82** | 51.61±14.07 | 0.69** |
5~12 | 10.26±3.48 | - | 79.61±27.61 | - | 55.65±19.03 | - |
>12 | 7.74±3.20 | - | 185.30±92.68 | - | 55.89±23.14 | - |
[1] | Alvenas G, Jansson PE (1997). Model for evaporation, moisture and temperature of bare soil: calibration and sensitivity analysis. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 88, 47-56. |
[2] | Aydin M, Yang SL, Kurt N, Yano T (2005). Test of a simple model for estimating evaporation from bare soils in different environments. Ecological Modelling, 182, 91-105. |
[3] | Campbell GS (1985). Soil Physics With Basic: Transport Models for Soil-Plant Systems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Oxford. |
[4] | Dong XJ, Zhang XS, Yang BZ (1997). A preliminary study on the water balance for some sandland shrubs based on transpiration measurements in field conditions. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 21, 208-225. |
[5] | Feng JZ (冯金朝), Chen HS (陈荷生), Kang YH (康跃虎), Liu YB (刘元波)(1995). Study on water balance and evapotranspiration of artificial vegetation in Shapotou area, Tengery desert. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 37, 815-821. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[6] | Gao Q, Liang N, Dong XJ (1997). A modeling analysis on dynamics of hilly sandy grassland landscapes using spatial simulation. Ecological Modelling, 98, 163-172. |
[7] | Gee GW, Wierenga PJ, Andraski BJ, Young MH, Fayer MJ, Rockhold ML (1994). Variations in water balance and recharge potential at three western desert sites. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58, 63-71. |
[8] | Guo K (郭柯), Dong XJ (董学军), Liu ZM (刘志茂) (2000). Characteristics of soil moisture content on sand dunes in Mu Us sandy grassland: why Artemisia ordosica declines on old fixed sand dunes. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 24, 275-279. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[9] | Hess TM, Stephens W, Maryah UM (1995). Rainfall trends in the north east arid zone of Nigeria 1961-1990. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 74, 87-97. |
[10] | Hillel D (1975). Evaporation from bare soil under steady and diurnally fluctuating evaporativity. Soil Science, 120, 230-237. |
[11] | Katul GG, Parlange MB (1992). Estimation of bare soil evaporation using skin temperature measurements. Journal of Hydrology, 132, 91-106. |
[12] | Kemp PR, Reynolds JF, Pachepsky Y, Chen JL (1997). A comparative modeling study of soil water dynamics in a desert ecosystem. Water Resources Research, 33, 73-90. |
[13] | Kobayashi Tatsuaki, Li SQ (李树青), Jin CY (金常元), Yoshikawa Ken (1992). Structure and habitats of Artemisia ordosica communities. In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolia University Press, Hohhot, 80-83. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[14] | Kobayashi Tetsuo, Masuda Akiyoshi, Kamichika Makio (1992). Studies on the Evaporation rate of sand dune surface in the Maowusu Sands, In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolia University Press, Hohhot, 127-130. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[15] | Lauenroth WK, Bradford JB (2006). Ecohydrology and the partitioning AET between transpiration and evaporation in a semiarid steppe. Ecosystems, 9, 756-767. |
[16] | Li PF (李品芳), Li BG (李保国) (2000). Study on some characteristics of evaporation of sand dune and evapotranspiration of grassland in Mu Us desert. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报), 31(3), 24-28. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[17] | Li SZ (李守中), Xiao HL (肖洪浪), Song YX (宋耀选), Li JG (李金贵), Liu LC (刘立超) (2002). Impact of microbiotic soil crusts on rainfall interception in artificial vegetation area of Tengger desert. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 22, 612-616. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[18] | Liu DW (刘登伟), Yan JP (延军平), Zhang YH (张月鸿) (2003). Spatial differentiation of climate changes in Muus desert region. Resources Science (资源科学), 25(6), 71-76. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[19] | Liu S, Riekerk H, Gholz HL (1998). Simulation of evapotranspiration from Florida pine flatwoods. Ecological Modelling, 114, 19-34. |
[20] | Liu XP (刘新平), Zhang TH (张铜会), Zhao HL (赵哈林), Yue GY (岳广阳) (2006). Infiltration and redistribution process of rainfall in desert mobile sand dune. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering (水利学报), 37(2), 166-171. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[21] | Lu ZM (鲁作民) (1993). Study on the drought resistance of Artemisia ordosica with different ages. Chinese Bulletin of Botony (植物学通报), 10(1), 58-59. (in Chinese) |
[22] | Newman BD, Wilcox BP, Archer SR, Breshears DD, Dahm CN, Duffy CJ, McDowell NG, Phillips FM, Scanlon BR, Vivoni ER (2006). Ecohydrology of water-limited environments: a scientific vision. Water Resources Research, 42(6), W06302, doi: 10.1029/2005WR004141 |
[23] | Qiu GY, Tomohisa Yano, Kazuro Momii, Shi QH (1995). The succession of plant communities in Tengeri desert in relation to root distribution and soil water status. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 4, 81-89. |
[24] | Ren JM (任健美), You L (尤莉), Gao JF (高建峰), Wang SY (王尚义) (2005). Study on climatic change of last 40 years on Erdos plateau. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 25, 874-879. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[25] | Reynolds JF, Kemp PR, Tenhunen JD (2000). Effects of long-term rainfall variability on evapotranspiration and soil water distribution in the Chihuahuan Desert: a modeling analysis. Plant Ecology, 150, 145-159. |
[26] | Ritchie JT (1972). Model for predicting evaporation from a row crop with incomplete cover. Water Resources Research, 8, 1204-1213. |
[27] | Scanlon BR, Levitt DG, Reedy RC, Keese KE, Sully MJ (2005). Ecological controls on water-cycle response to climate variability in deserts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 6033-6038. |
[28] |
Schwinning S, Sala OE, Loik ME, Ehleringer JR (2004). Thresholds, memory, and seasonality: understanding pulse dynamics in arid/semi-arid ecosystems. Oecologia, 141, 191-193.
DOI URL PMID |
[29] | Suzuki Masakazu (1992). Fluctuation of groundwater level and evapotranspiration in the Maowusu sands. In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolia University Press, Hohhot, 120-126. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[30] | van Genuchten MT (1980). A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 44, 892-898. |
[31] | Wallace JS, Holwill CJ (1997). Soil evaporation from tiger-bush in south-west Niger. Journal of Hydrology, 188-189-426-442. |
[32] | Wang HX (王会肖) (1997). Measurement and simulation of evaporation from a bare sand soil. Agricultural Meteorology (中国农业气象), 18(4), 29-35. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[33] | Wang XP (王新平), Li XR (李新荣), Kang ES (康尔泗), Zhang JG (张景光), Zhou HY (周海燕), Yang SX (杨诗秀), Lei ZD (雷志栋) (2003). The infiltration and redistribution of precipitation in revegetated sand dunes in the Tengger desert, Shapotou, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 23, 1234-1241. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[34] | Wang XP (王新平), Zhang LP (张利平), Liu LC (刘立超), Huang ZS (黄子琛), Liu XM (刘新民) (1996). Numerical calculation of the relationship between evapotranspiration and soil moisture in arid sandy region. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 16, 388-391. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[35] | Xiao CW, Zhou GS (2001). Study on the water balance in three dominant plants with simulated precipitation change in Maowusu sandland. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 43, 82-88. |
[36] | Xiao HL, Cheng GD, Li XR, Song YX, Wang XP (2004). Ecohydrological change mechanism of a rainfed revegetation ecosystem at southeastern edge of Tengger desert, Northwest China. Science in China (Series D), 47(Suppl. 1), 71-77. |
[37] | Xu XL (徐小玲), Yan JP (延军平) (2004). Research on the response of climate to global climatic change in Mu Us desert. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 18, 135-139. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[38] | Yamanaka T, Yonetani T (1999). Dynamics of the evaporation zone in dry sandy soils. Journal of Hydrology, 217, 135-148. |
[39] | Yang BZ (杨宝珍), Dong XJ (董学军), Gao Q (高琼), Liu ZM (刘志茂), Alatengbao (阿拉腾宝) (1994). Transpiration and water conditions of the Artemesia ordosica communities. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 18, 161-170. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[40] | Yao HL (姚洪林), Wei CT (魏成泰), Liao MC (廖茂彩) (1992). An introduction on the Maowusu sands exploitation and control research center. In: Wang JX (王家祥) ed. Collected Papers of the Maowusu Sands Exploitation and Control Research Center (毛乌素沙地开发整治研究中心研究文集). Inner Mongolian University Press, Hohhot, 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[41] | Zhang Q (张强), Sun XY (孙向阳), Huang LJ (黄利江) (2004a). Study on water-retention characters of Maowusu sandy soil. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 17, 63-66. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[42] | Zhang Q (张强), Sun XY (孙向阳), Huang LJ (黄利江), Wang H (王涵), Zhang GC (张广才) (2004b). Studies on soil water characteristic curves and infiltration capability of Maowusu sandy soil. Forest Research (林业科学研究), 17, 9-14. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[43] | Zhang XS (张新时) (1994). Principles and optimal models for development of Maowusu sandy grassland. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica (植物生态学报), 18, 1-16. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[44] | Zhang ZS (张志山), Wang XP (王新平), Li XR (李新荣), Zhang JG (张景光) (2005). Soil evaporation in artificially revegetated desert area. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 25, 243-248. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[45] | Zhu J, Mohanty BP (2002). Upscaling of soil hydraulic properties for steady state evaporation and infiltration. Water Resources Research, 38(9), 1178, doi: 10.1029/2001WR000704 |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
Tel: 010-62836134, 62836138, E-mail: apes@ibcas.ac.cn, cjpe@ibcas.ac.cn