PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF PICEA BALFOURIANAIN SICHUAN, CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.006

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to investigate phenotypic variation of Picea balfouriana in 12 natural populations and to discuss the relationship between phenotypic variation of the natural population and different distribution areas.

Methods We investigated 12 phenotypic traits for 360 individuals in 12 natural populations of P. balfourianafrom Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province of China and used nested analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, variance analysis and multi-comparison to analyze results.

Important findings There were significant differences in phenotypic variation among and within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) among populations was 36.53%, which was less than that of within populations (63.47%). TheVST of cone, needle, seed scale and seed wing were 47.15%, 31.93%, 21.89% and 45.14%, respectively. In different individuals within populations, the coefficients of variation (CV) for four phenotypic traits (cone, needle, seed scale and seed wing) were 12.56%, 22.16%, 12.61% and 16.53%, respectively. The traits stability of cone were higher than that of other traits. The cone length, cone width, needle length and seed scale length were the most important phenotypic traits that were easy to measure in P. balfouriana. The traits variation of natural populations were affected mainly by longitude (such as cone and needle) and latitude (such as seed scale and seed wing) in spatial distribution. The 12 populations of P. balfouriana investigated could be divided into three groups according to the cluster analysis.

Key words: Picea balfouriana, natural population, phenotypic variation

GU Yun-Jie, LUO Jian-Xun, WU Yuan-Wei, CAO Xiao-Jun. PHENOTYPIC DIVERSITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF PICEA BALFOURIANAIN SICHUAN, CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(2): 291-301.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.006

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Figures/Tables 9

References 21

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种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查母树 Investigated trees
种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查样数 No. of individual	平均树高 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown range (m)
SQ	98°	32°30′	4 298	15	西北 Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark brown earth	30	7.82	20.57	5.01
XC	99°48′′	28°54′	3 580	15	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	11.07	14.17	5.42
SD	100°41′′	31°51′	3 450	10	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕壤 Mountain brown earth	30	23.94	50.83	8.83
KD	101°26′′	29°27′	3 410	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	15.1	17.83	7.78
XL	100°30′′	30°48′	3 420	28	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	14.39	25.43	8.26
LT	100°28′′	30°3′	4 014	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown soil	30	6.88	9.98	5.14
JL	101°25′′	29°3′	3 180	20	西北Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	17.37	25.23	7.23
YJ	100°56′′	29°59′	3 430	12	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	16.87	22.33	8.19
BT	99°	30°	3 500	25	东北Northeast	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	14.33	21.97	7.69
DF	101°39′′	30°9′	3 652	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	16.38	36.43	7.56
LH	100°22′′	31°32′	3 500	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	23.19	42.17	8.21
BY	99°30′′	31°20′	3 098	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林Mountain brown forest earth	30	9.83	21.56	6.23

种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查母树 Investigated trees
种群Population	经度 Latitude (E)	纬度 Longitude (N)	海拔 Altitude (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	地貌类型 Landform type	土壤 Soil	调查样数 No. of individual	平均树高 Mean height (m)	平均胸径 Mean DBH (cm)	平均冠幅 Mean crown range (m)
SQ	98°	32°30′	4 298	15	西北 Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark brown earth	30	7.82	20.57	5.01
XC	99°48′′	28°54′	3 580	15	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	11.07	14.17	5.42
SD	100°41′′	31°51′	3 450	10	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕壤 Mountain brown earth	30	23.94	50.83	8.83
KD	101°26′′	29°27′	3 410	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	15.1	17.83	7.78
XL	100°30′′	30°48′	3 420	28	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	14.39	25.43	8.26
LT	100°28′′	30°3′	4 014	25	西南Southwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown soil	30	6.88	9.98	5.14
JL	101°25′′	29°3′	3 180	20	西北Northwest	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	17.37	25.23	7.23
YJ	100°56′′	29°59′	3 430	12	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	16.87	22.33	8.19
BT	99°	30°	3 500	25	东北Northeast	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow earth	30	14.33	21.97	7.69
DF	101°39′′	30°9′	3 652	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林土Mountain brown forest earth	30	16.38	36.43	7.56
LH	100°22′′	31°32′	3 500	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地暗棕壤Mountain dark- brown earth	30	23.19	42.17	8.21
BY	99°30′′	31°20′	3 098	10	北 North	高山狭谷区 Gorge landscape	山地棕色森林Mountain brown forest earth	30	9.83	21.56	6.23

种群 Population	年均温 Annual average temperature (℃)	1月均温 Average temperature of January (℃)	7月均温 Average temperature of July (℃)	极端低温Abosulute low temperature (℃)	极端高温Absolute high temperature (℃)	年降雨量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free duration (d)	生态梯度值 Ecological gradient value
SQ	-1.6	-12.6	8.4	-37.7	25.5	569	1 312.6	21	1.479 6
XC	10.7	1.9	17.7	-27.6	34.4	462	2 299.8	194	1.215 2
SD	-0.1	-11.3	9.8	-36.3	23.7	644	1 207.5	16	1.559 9
KD	7.1	-2.5	15.7	-14.7	28.9	805	1 301.7	191	1.178 5
XL	7.4	-2.2	15.1	-19.2	32.7	602	1 536.6	155	1.367 5
LT	3.0	-6.0	10.5	-26.0	25.6	726	1 427.3	82	1.782 5
JL	8.8	0.7	15.2	-14.9	31.0	892	1 811.9	173	0.923 0
YJ	10.9	1.4	18.1	-15.9	35.9	706	1 949.8	195	1.262 9
BT	12.6	3.7	19.5	-12.4	37.6	474	1 956.8	212	1.297 4
DF	7.8	-2.4	15.9	-21.9	32.0	579	1 682.5	158	1.480 7
LH	6.3	-3.3	15.3	-21.2	30.4	652	1 692.4	131	1.539 3
BY	7.7	-1.6	15.7	-19.2	39.4	599	1 858.3	124	1.152 2

种群 Population	年均温 Annual average temperature (℃)	1月均温 Average temperature of January (℃)	7月均温 Average temperature of July (℃)	极端低温Abosulute low temperature (℃)	极端高温Absolute high temperature (℃)	年降雨量 Annual precipitation (mm)	年蒸发量 Annual evaporation (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free duration (d)	生态梯度值 Ecological gradient value
SQ	-1.6	-12.6	8.4	-37.7	25.5	569	1 312.6	21	1.479 6
XC	10.7	1.9	17.7	-27.6	34.4	462	2 299.8	194	1.215 2
SD	-0.1	-11.3	9.8	-36.3	23.7	644	1 207.5	16	1.559 9
KD	7.1	-2.5	15.7	-14.7	28.9	805	1 301.7	191	1.178 5
XL	7.4	-2.2	15.1	-19.2	32.7	602	1 536.6	155	1.367 5
LT	3.0	-6.0	10.5	-26.0	25.6	726	1 427.3	82	1.782 5
JL	8.8	0.7	15.2	-14.9	31.0	892	1 811.9	173	0.923 0
YJ	10.9	1.4	18.1	-15.9	35.9	706	1 949.8	195	1.262 9
BT	12.6	3.7	19.5	-12.4	37.6	474	1 956.8	212	1.297 4
DF	7.8	-2.4	15.9	-21.9	32.0	579	1 682.5	158	1.480 7
LH	6.3	-3.3	15.3	-21.2	30.4	652	1 692.4	131	1.539 3
BY	7.7	-1.6	15.7	-19.2	39.4	599	1 858.3	124	1.152 2

性状 Traits	均方Ms			F值 F value
性状 Traits	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations	随机误差 Random errors	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within populations
CL	532.070 9	18.330 7	0.470 6	29.03**	38.95**
CW	17.292 9	1.252 0	0.031 9	13.81**	39.21**
NL	15.602 1	1.052 9	0.015 4	14.82**	68.36**
NW	0.136 1	0.021 4	0.014 8	6.34**	1.45**
SSL	12.908 1	1.305 6	0.043 6	9.89**	29.95**
SSW	6.292 5	0.455 1	0.019 6	13.83**	23.23**
SWL	5.758 0	0.282 8	0.010 3	20.36**	27.39**
SWW	1.559 9	0.050 7	0.003 9	30.76**	12.98**
CLW	126.826 9	2.594 9	0.064 5	48.88**	40.24**
NLW	4 496.399 0	375.466 4	11.664 9	11.98**	32.19**
SSLW	1.817 9	0.403 8	0.026 7	4.50**	15.10**
SWLW	31.757 4	1.437 1	0.137 2	22.10**	10.47**