Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 311-319.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.02.008
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CHANG Zhao-Feng1,2,3(), HAN Fu-Gui1,2,3, ZHONG Sheng-Nian1,2,3
Received:
2008-08-26
Accepted:
2008-12-02
Online:
2009-08-26
Published:
2009-03-31
CHANG Zhao-Feng, HAN Fu-Gui, ZHONG Sheng-Nian. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHENOLOGY OF 18 TREE SPECIES AND AIR TEMPERATURE CHANGE IN THE MINQIN DESERT AREA OF CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(2): 311-319.
科名 Family | 序号 No. | 植物名 Plant species | 年份 Year |
---|---|---|---|
杨柳科 Salicaceae | 1 | 新疆杨 Populus albaL. var. pyramidalisBge. | 1974~2007 |
2 | 二白杨 Populus gansuensis | 1974~2007 | |
3 | 胡杨 Populus euphratica | 1974~2007 | |
4 | 旱柳 Salix matsudana | 1975~2007 | |
5 | 馒头柳 Salix matsudana Koidz. var.matsudana f.umbraculiferaRehd. | 1990~2007 | |
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 6 | 杏 Prunus armeniaca | 1975~1976, 1989~2007 |
榆科 Ulmaceae | 7 | 白榆 Ulmus pumila | 1974~2007 |
豆科 Leguminosae | 8 | 国槐 Sophora japonica | 1983~2007 |
9 | 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 1975, 1983~1984, 1987~2007 | |
10 | 紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa | 1978~2007 | |
柏科 Cupressaceae | 11 | 侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 1990~2007 |
桑科 Moraceae | 12 | 桑树 Morus alba | 1974~2007 |
鼠李科 Rhamnaceae | 13 | 枣 Ziziphus jujuba | 1979~2007 |
胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae | 14 | 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia | 1974~2007 |
15 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 1978~2007 | |
木樨科 Oleaceae | 16 | 小叶白腊树 Fraxinus bungeana | 1983~2007 |
漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 17 | 火炬树 Rhus typhina | 1978~2007 |
藜科 Chenopodiaceae | 18 | 梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron | 1974~2007 |
Table 1 Main observed plant species used for phenology observation in Minqin desert botanical garden
科名 Family | 序号 No. | 植物名 Plant species | 年份 Year |
---|---|---|---|
杨柳科 Salicaceae | 1 | 新疆杨 Populus albaL. var. pyramidalisBge. | 1974~2007 |
2 | 二白杨 Populus gansuensis | 1974~2007 | |
3 | 胡杨 Populus euphratica | 1974~2007 | |
4 | 旱柳 Salix matsudana | 1975~2007 | |
5 | 馒头柳 Salix matsudana Koidz. var.matsudana f.umbraculiferaRehd. | 1990~2007 | |
蔷薇科 Rosaceae | 6 | 杏 Prunus armeniaca | 1975~1976, 1989~2007 |
榆科 Ulmaceae | 7 | 白榆 Ulmus pumila | 1974~2007 |
豆科 Leguminosae | 8 | 国槐 Sophora japonica | 1983~2007 |
9 | 刺槐 Robinia pseudoacacia | 1975, 1983~1984, 1987~2007 | |
10 | 紫穗槐 Amorpha fruticosa | 1978~2007 | |
柏科 Cupressaceae | 11 | 侧柏 Platycladus orientalis | 1990~2007 |
桑科 Moraceae | 12 | 桑树 Morus alba | 1974~2007 |
鼠李科 Rhamnaceae | 13 | 枣 Ziziphus jujuba | 1979~2007 |
胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae | 14 | 沙枣 Elaeagnus angustifolia | 1974~2007 |
15 | 沙棘 Hippophae rhamnoides | 1978~2007 | |
木樨科 Oleaceae | 16 | 小叶白腊树 Fraxinus bungeana | 1983~2007 |
漆树科 Anacardiaceae | 17 | 火炬树 Rhus typhina | 1978~2007 |
藜科 Chenopodiaceae | 18 | 梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron | 1974~2007 |
项目 Item | 1月 Jan. | 2月 Feb. | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. | 全年 All year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均气温 Average temperature (℃) | -9.48 | -5.10 | 1.90 | 10.33 | 16.67 | 21.01 | 22.86 | 21.28 | 15.30 | 7.42 | -1.16 | -7.89 | 7.76 |
标准偏差 Standard deviation (℃) | 1.54 | 1.96 | 1.36 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 0.56 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 16.2 | 38.4 | 71.6 | 12.7 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 17.1 | 129.6 | 23.9 | 7.2 |
Table 2 Variations and trends of monthly air temperature from 1974 to 2007
项目 Item | 1月 Jan. | 2月 Feb. | 3月 Mar. | 4月 Apr. | 5月 May | 6月 Jun. | 7月 Jul. | 8月 Aug. | 9月 Sept. | 10月 Oct. | 11月 Nov. | 12月 Dec. | 全年 All year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均气温 Average temperature (℃) | -9.48 | -5.10 | 1.90 | 10.33 | 16.67 | 21.01 | 22.86 | 21.28 | 15.30 | 7.42 | -1.16 | -7.89 | 7.76 |
标准偏差 Standard deviation (℃) | 1.54 | 1.96 | 1.36 | 1.31 | 0.98 | 0.79 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.51 | 1.89 | 0.56 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%) | 16.2 | 38.4 | 71.6 | 12.7 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 17.1 | 129.6 | 23.9 | 7.2 |
序号 No. | 芽初膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶始期Beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期Beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 开花始期Flowering period | 开花盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花末期 Late flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果始期Beginning fruit dropping period | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 叶初变色Beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全变色 The period of the whole of leaf discoloration | 落叶始期 Beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | -0.375 | -0.381 | -0.248 | -0.163 | -0.397 | -0.391 | -0.283 | -0.202 | -0.195 | 0.225 | -0.009 | 0.189 | 0.035 | 0.058 | -0.023 |
2 | -0.377 | -0.296 | -0.117 | -0.083 | -0.293 | -0.391 | -0.261 | -0.223 | 0.282 | 0.193 | 0.097 | 0.025 | -0.003 | -0.017 | -0.006 |
3 | -0.217 | -0.223 | -0.070 | -0.086 | -0.150 | -0.050 | -0.025 | -0.027 | -0.337 | -0.275 | -0.144 | -0.446 | 0.048 | -0.514 | -0.084 |
4 | -0.374 | -0.346 | -0.237 | -0.203 | -0.348 | -0.132 | -0.094 | -0.074 | -0.173 | -0.177 | -0.069 | 0.312 | 0.373 | 0.282 | 0.222 |
5 | -0.341 | -0.304 | -0.175 | -0.366 | -0.224 | -0.247 | -0.318 | -0.116 | -0.121 | - | - | 0.308 | -0.275 | 0.278 | 0.184 |
6 | -0.205 | -0.355 | -0.284 | -0.279 | -0.239 | -0.271 | -0.329 | -0.245 | -0.207 | -0.113 | -0.107 | -0.396 | 0.231 | -0.134 | 0.032 |
7 | -0.353 | -0.318 | -0.375 | -0.240 | -0.353 | -0.360 | -0.238 | -0.185 | -0.020 | 0.012 | 0.014 | -0.430 | -0.377 | -0.270 | -0.291 |
8 | -0.275 | -0.009 | -0.136 | -0.171 | -0.484 | -0.281 | -0.090 | -0.340 | -0.330 | - | - | 0.512 | 0.530 | 0.431 | 0.180 |
9 | -0.337 | -0.376 | -0.322 | -0.038 | -0.214 | -0.167 | -0.177 | -0.153 | -0.095 | 0.067 | -0.219 | 0.397 | -0.359 | 0.507 | -0.233 |
10 | -0.298 | -0.156 | -0.188 | -0.115 | -0.158 | -0.260 | -0.167 | -0.061 | -0.220 | 0.121 | - | 0.519 | 0.052 | 0.330 | -0.124 |
11 | -0.225 | -0.251 | -0.175 | -0.131 | -0.377 | -0.042 | -0.011 | -0.153 | -0.133 | 0.032 | -0.571 | - | - | - | - |
12 | -0.213 | -0.197 | -0.165 | -0.044 | -0.149 | -0.111 | -0.031 | -0.077 | -0.214 | 0.023 | 0.339 | 0.244 | 0.507 | 0.184 | 0.084 |
13 | -0.147 | -0.113 | -0.179 | -0.134 | -0.299 | -0.248 | -0.146 | -0.117 | -0.190 | 0.294 | 0.062 | 0.377 | 0.414 | 0.384 | 0.288 |
14 | -0.228 | -0.162 | -0.143 | -0.084 | -0.134 | -0.158 | 0.153 | 0.119 | -0.026 | -0.015 | -0.033 | 0.715 | 0.310 | 0.418 | -0.151 |
15 | -0.241 | -0.155 | -0.116 | 0.076 | -0.058 | -0.129 | -0.110 | -0.306 | -0.137 | - | - | 0.387 | 0.123 | 0.316 | -0.405 |
16 | -0.221 | 0.163 | -0.307 | -0.239 | -0.157 | -0.304 | -0.007 | 0.006 | -0.260 | -0.101 | - | -0.372 | -0.054 | -0.413 | 0.232 |
17 | -0.062 | -0.004 | 0.072 | 0.053 | -0.247 | 0.091 | -0.077 | -0.012 | 0.103 | - | - | 0.221 | 0.180 | -0.083 | 0.351 |
18 | -0.147 | -0.116 | -0.135 | -0.139 | -0.170 | -0.086 | -0.149 | -0.054 | -0.033 | 0.049 | - | 0.570 | 0.439 | 0.496 | 0.552 |
34 a提前日数 Ahead date in 34 years | -8.77 | -6.80 | -6.22 | -4.52 | -8.40 | -6.70 | -4.45 | -4.18 | -4.35 | 0.82 | -1.97 | 6.26 | 4.35 | 4.52 | 1.63 |
Table 3 Slope of linear trend line of phenological change (d·a-1)
序号 No. | 芽初膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶始期Beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期Beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 开花始期Flowering period | 开花盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花末期 Late flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果始期Beginning fruit dropping period | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 叶初变色Beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全变色 The period of the whole of leaf discoloration | 落叶始期 Beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | -0.375 | -0.381 | -0.248 | -0.163 | -0.397 | -0.391 | -0.283 | -0.202 | -0.195 | 0.225 | -0.009 | 0.189 | 0.035 | 0.058 | -0.023 |
2 | -0.377 | -0.296 | -0.117 | -0.083 | -0.293 | -0.391 | -0.261 | -0.223 | 0.282 | 0.193 | 0.097 | 0.025 | -0.003 | -0.017 | -0.006 |
3 | -0.217 | -0.223 | -0.070 | -0.086 | -0.150 | -0.050 | -0.025 | -0.027 | -0.337 | -0.275 | -0.144 | -0.446 | 0.048 | -0.514 | -0.084 |
4 | -0.374 | -0.346 | -0.237 | -0.203 | -0.348 | -0.132 | -0.094 | -0.074 | -0.173 | -0.177 | -0.069 | 0.312 | 0.373 | 0.282 | 0.222 |
5 | -0.341 | -0.304 | -0.175 | -0.366 | -0.224 | -0.247 | -0.318 | -0.116 | -0.121 | - | - | 0.308 | -0.275 | 0.278 | 0.184 |
6 | -0.205 | -0.355 | -0.284 | -0.279 | -0.239 | -0.271 | -0.329 | -0.245 | -0.207 | -0.113 | -0.107 | -0.396 | 0.231 | -0.134 | 0.032 |
7 | -0.353 | -0.318 | -0.375 | -0.240 | -0.353 | -0.360 | -0.238 | -0.185 | -0.020 | 0.012 | 0.014 | -0.430 | -0.377 | -0.270 | -0.291 |
8 | -0.275 | -0.009 | -0.136 | -0.171 | -0.484 | -0.281 | -0.090 | -0.340 | -0.330 | - | - | 0.512 | 0.530 | 0.431 | 0.180 |
9 | -0.337 | -0.376 | -0.322 | -0.038 | -0.214 | -0.167 | -0.177 | -0.153 | -0.095 | 0.067 | -0.219 | 0.397 | -0.359 | 0.507 | -0.233 |
10 | -0.298 | -0.156 | -0.188 | -0.115 | -0.158 | -0.260 | -0.167 | -0.061 | -0.220 | 0.121 | - | 0.519 | 0.052 | 0.330 | -0.124 |
11 | -0.225 | -0.251 | -0.175 | -0.131 | -0.377 | -0.042 | -0.011 | -0.153 | -0.133 | 0.032 | -0.571 | - | - | - | - |
12 | -0.213 | -0.197 | -0.165 | -0.044 | -0.149 | -0.111 | -0.031 | -0.077 | -0.214 | 0.023 | 0.339 | 0.244 | 0.507 | 0.184 | 0.084 |
13 | -0.147 | -0.113 | -0.179 | -0.134 | -0.299 | -0.248 | -0.146 | -0.117 | -0.190 | 0.294 | 0.062 | 0.377 | 0.414 | 0.384 | 0.288 |
14 | -0.228 | -0.162 | -0.143 | -0.084 | -0.134 | -0.158 | 0.153 | 0.119 | -0.026 | -0.015 | -0.033 | 0.715 | 0.310 | 0.418 | -0.151 |
15 | -0.241 | -0.155 | -0.116 | 0.076 | -0.058 | -0.129 | -0.110 | -0.306 | -0.137 | - | - | 0.387 | 0.123 | 0.316 | -0.405 |
16 | -0.221 | 0.163 | -0.307 | -0.239 | -0.157 | -0.304 | -0.007 | 0.006 | -0.260 | -0.101 | - | -0.372 | -0.054 | -0.413 | 0.232 |
17 | -0.062 | -0.004 | 0.072 | 0.053 | -0.247 | 0.091 | -0.077 | -0.012 | 0.103 | - | - | 0.221 | 0.180 | -0.083 | 0.351 |
18 | -0.147 | -0.116 | -0.135 | -0.139 | -0.170 | -0.086 | -0.149 | -0.054 | -0.033 | 0.049 | - | 0.570 | 0.439 | 0.496 | 0.552 |
34 a提前日数 Ahead date in 34 years | -8.77 | -6.80 | -6.22 | -4.52 | -8.40 | -6.70 | -4.45 | -4.18 | -4.35 | 0.82 | -1.97 | 6.26 | 4.35 | 4.52 | 1.63 |
序号 No. | 芽初 膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶 始期The beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期The beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾 花序Buds and inflore- scence appearing | 开花 始期Flowering period | 开花 盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花 末期Late Flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果 始期The beginning fruit dropping period | 落果 末期The end of fruit dropping | 叶初 变色The beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全 变色The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 落叶 始期The beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.33 | 2.59 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.94 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 1.27 | 1.13 | 1.48 | 1.15 |
2 | 1.75 | 1.92 | 1.79 | 0.73 | 1.90 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.01 | 1.60 | 1.29 |
3 | 2.48 | 1.73 | 1.02 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 0.93 | 1.23 | 1.43 | 4.79 | 2.50 | 3.28 | 2.39 | 1.96 | 3.07 | 2.25 |
4 | 2.40 | 2.61 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 2.66 | 1.51 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 2.08 | 2.79 | 2.28 | 3.05 | 2.14 |
5 | 1.33 | 1.57 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.69 | 2.45 | 2.33 | – | – | 1.78 | 1.26 | 1.92 | 3.36 |
6 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 1.45 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.16 | 2.02 | 1.22 | 1.34 | 1.15 |
7 | 1.95 | 2.03 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.65 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 2.58 | 0.64 | 0.80 | 1.07 | 1.97 | 1.84 | 1.59 | 1.32 |
8 | 2.25 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 3.19 | 1.69 | 1.62 | 3.01 | 2.00 | – | – | 3.34 | 2.25 | 3.15 | 1.53 |
9 | 1.88 | 2.17 | 0.97 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 1.59 | 1.68 | 2.36 | 7.58 | 11.86 | 2.68 | 1.46 | 1.89 | 0.83 |
10 | 2.37 | 1.31 | 1.37 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.59 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 2.07 | 2.40 | – | 3.64 | 1.81 | 2.99 | 1.96 |
11 | 2.33 | 2.68 | 4.08 | 3.60 | 1.19 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 2.44 | 2.48 | 0.77 | 3.00 | – | – | – | – |
12 | 2.23 | 2.76 | 1.32 | 1.58 | 1.20 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 1.53 | 4.14 | 2.55 | 1.63 | 1.39 | 1.02 |
13 | 1.72 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.48 | 1.38 | 0.96 | 1.56 | 1.22 | 3.24 | 3.39 | 1.77 | 1.37 | 1.83 | 1.46 |
14 | 1.27 | 1.01 | 0.79 | 1.30 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 1.10 | 1.77 | 2.18 | 3.34 | 1.06 | 3.12 | 1.24 |
15 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 4.49 | 4.61 | 1.76 | – | – | 1.88 | 1.33 | 2.31 | 1.47 |
16 | 2.39 | 2.04 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 4.24 | 4.05 | 4.22 | 4.15 | 2.55 | 4.37 | – | 2.18 | 1.53 | 1.86 | 2.44 |
17 | 1.83 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 2.27 | 2.97 | 3.58 | 6.60 | – | – | 3.25 | 2.56 | 4.09 | 2.12 |
18 | 1.88 | 1.14 | 1.34 | 1.48 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 1.95 | 6.75 | 1.48 | – | 2.08 | 1.45 | 1.65 | 2.81 |
Table 4 Standard errors of phenological change
序号 No. | 芽初 膨大Beginning of bud swelling | 芽开 放期Buds opening period | 展叶 始期The beginning extending leaves period | 展叶盛期The beginning flourishing leaves period | 花蕾 花序Buds and inflore- scence appearing | 开花 始期Flowering period | 开花 盛期Flowering flourishing stage | 开花 末期Late Flowering | 果实 成熟Fruit maturity | 落果 始期The beginning fruit dropping period | 落果 末期The end of fruit dropping | 叶初 变色The beginning period leaf discoloration | 叶全 变色The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 落叶 始期The beggining period of fallening | 落叶末期The end period of fallening |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2.33 | 2.59 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.28 | 1.16 | 1.94 | 2.58 | 2.25 | 1.27 | 1.13 | 1.48 | 1.15 |
2 | 1.75 | 1.92 | 1.79 | 0.73 | 1.90 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.01 | 1.60 | 1.29 |
3 | 2.48 | 1.73 | 1.02 | 1.53 | 1.46 | 0.93 | 1.23 | 1.43 | 4.79 | 2.50 | 3.28 | 2.39 | 1.96 | 3.07 | 2.25 |
4 | 2.40 | 2.61 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 2.66 | 1.51 | 1.35 | 1.35 | 1.23 | 1.09 | 2.08 | 2.79 | 2.28 | 3.05 | 2.14 |
5 | 1.33 | 1.57 | 1.77 | 1.73 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.69 | 2.45 | 2.33 | – | – | 1.78 | 1.26 | 1.92 | 3.36 |
6 | 1.82 | 1.91 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 0.90 | 1.11 | 1.45 | 1.48 | 1.56 | 1.16 | 2.02 | 1.22 | 1.34 | 1.15 |
7 | 1.95 | 2.03 | 1.14 | 1.17 | 1.65 | 1.48 | 1.58 | 2.58 | 0.64 | 0.80 | 1.07 | 1.97 | 1.84 | 1.59 | 1.32 |
8 | 2.25 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 3.19 | 1.69 | 1.62 | 3.01 | 2.00 | – | – | 3.34 | 2.25 | 3.15 | 1.53 |
9 | 1.88 | 2.17 | 0.97 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.35 | 1.59 | 1.68 | 2.36 | 7.58 | 11.86 | 2.68 | 1.46 | 1.89 | 0.83 |
10 | 2.37 | 1.31 | 1.37 | 1.20 | 1.14 | 1.59 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 2.07 | 2.40 | – | 3.64 | 1.81 | 2.99 | 1.96 |
11 | 2.33 | 2.68 | 4.08 | 3.60 | 1.19 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 2.44 | 2.48 | 0.77 | 3.00 | – | – | – | – |
12 | 2.23 | 2.76 | 1.32 | 1.58 | 1.20 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 1.53 | 4.14 | 2.55 | 1.63 | 1.39 | 1.02 |
13 | 1.72 | 0.92 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.48 | 1.38 | 0.96 | 1.56 | 1.22 | 3.24 | 3.39 | 1.77 | 1.37 | 1.83 | 1.46 |
14 | 1.27 | 1.01 | 0.79 | 1.30 | 0.85 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 1.10 | 1.77 | 2.18 | 3.34 | 1.06 | 3.12 | 1.24 |
15 | 1.28 | 1.39 | 1.00 | 1.30 | 1.86 | 1.85 | 4.49 | 4.61 | 1.76 | – | – | 1.88 | 1.33 | 2.31 | 1.47 |
16 | 2.39 | 2.04 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 4.24 | 4.05 | 4.22 | 4.15 | 2.55 | 4.37 | – | 2.18 | 1.53 | 1.86 | 2.44 |
17 | 1.83 | 1.18 | 1.21 | 1.41 | 1.35 | 2.27 | 2.97 | 3.58 | 6.60 | – | – | 3.25 | 2.56 | 4.09 | 2.12 |
18 | 1.88 | 1.14 | 1.34 | 1.48 | 2.35 | 1.59 | 1.64 | 1.95 | 6.75 | 1.48 | – | 2.08 | 1.45 | 1.65 | 2.81 |
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
1 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-21 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-26 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
2 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 4-4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-14 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-28 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 5-18 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 |
3 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-11 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-18 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-6 | ||
4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-30 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-27 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 |
5 | 展叶盛期 The beginning flourishing leaves period | 4-26 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-29 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
6 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-4 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-16 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-25 |
7 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-29 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-13 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-21 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-29 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-14 |
8 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 6-27 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 8-10 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-24 |
9 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-16 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-17 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
10 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-9 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-29 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
11 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 10-28 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 4-2 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-7 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 10-6 | ||
12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-7 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-22 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 7-15 |
13 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 6-12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-17 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-16 |
14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-12 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-26 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-14 |
15 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 5-24 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-5 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-13 |
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
16 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-27 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-23 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-29 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-23 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-18 |
17 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 6-22 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-20 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-10 |
18 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-3 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 5-14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 |
Table 5 Occurrence season of sensitive phenophase
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
1 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-21 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-26 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
2 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 4-4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-14 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-28 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 5-18 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-21 |
3 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-11 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-18 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-6 | ||
4 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 3-30 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 3-27 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 |
5 | 展叶盛期 The beginning flourishing leaves period | 4-26 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-29 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-29 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
6 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-4 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 4-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-16 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-25 |
7 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-29 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-13 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-21 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-29 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 5-14 |
8 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 6-27 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 8-10 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-20 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-24 |
9 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-16 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-17 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 |
10 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-9 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-29 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-14 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-1 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-11 |
11 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 10-28 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 4-2 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-7 | 落果始期 The beginning fruit dropping period | 10-6 | ||
12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 6-7 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-22 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-14 | 落果末期 The end of fruit dropping | 7-15 |
13 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 6-12 | 果实成熟 Fruit maturity | 9-17 | 叶全变色 The period of the whole leaf discoloration | 10-19 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-16 |
14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-28 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-12 | 开花始期 Flowering period | 5-26 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-4 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-14 |
15 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 | 开花末期 Late Flowering | 5-24 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 3-16 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-5 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 10-13 |
植物号 Plants No. | 提前最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology early | 推迟最明显的物候 The most obvious phenology postponed | ||||||||
提前最大 Ahead of date of the largest | 提前次大 Ahead of date of the second-largest | 提前第三大 Ahead of date of the third-largest | 推迟最大 To postpone the largest | 推迟次大 To defer the second-largest | ||||||
物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | 物候 Phenophase | 日期 Date (月-日) | |
16 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-27 | 叶初变色 The beginning period of discoloration | 9-23 | 展叶始期 The beginning extending leaves period | 4-29 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-23 | 芽开放期 Buds opening period | 4-18 |
17 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-26 | 落叶始期 The beggining period of fallening | 9-18 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 6-22 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 10-20 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 9-10 |
18 | 花蕾花序 Buds and inflorescence appearing | 5-3 | 开花盛期 Flowering flourishing stage | 5-14 | 芽膨大期 Beginning of expanding buds | 4-8 | 叶初变色 The beginning period leaf discoloration | 10-2 | 落叶末期 The end period of fallening | 11-1 |
Fig. 4 t-test of correlation coefficients between phenophase and temperature change , , and indicate significant differences at p=0.1, 0.05, 0.01and 0.001 levels, respectively. On the top of the horizontal axis for a significant positive correlation, and below horizontal axis for a significant negative correlation; ○ indicates the lack of testing
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