CALCIUM CONTENTS AND HIGH CALCIUM ADAPTATION OF PLANTS IN KARST AREAS OF CHINA

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.012

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims High soil calcium is an important factor influencing physiological characteristics of plants in karst areas. It causes harmful effects on plants by inhibition of photosynthesis, growth and phosphorus metabolism, thus limiting the number of species inhabiting karst areas. Our objective is to analyze plant calcium contents and different adaptation mechanisms to high calcium environment in karst areas to provide basic information on selection of plants useful for ecological restoration in karst areas.
Methods We collected a total of 45 dominant or common plant species and corresponding soil samples in four karst areas (Puding, Huajiang, Libo and Luodian) in Guizhou Province and measured total calcium contents in aboveground and underground plant parts along with the exchangeable calcium contents in soils. We analyzed the relationship between plant calcium and soil exchangeable calcium for 14 of the dominant shrubs and grasses by Pearson’s correlation and the calcium content difference by ANOVA.
Important findings Average calcium content of vegetation was very high. The exchangeable calcium content in soil was significantly related to calcium content of plant underground parts but not aboveground parts. There were significant differences among plant groups. Average calcium contents in aboveground parts of ferns were much lower than that of angiosperms. Calcium contents in aboveground parts were similar to that in underground parts in ferns and monocotyledons, but were much higher than that in underground parts in dicotyledons. In addition, we classified three categories of plant adaptation to high calcium environment in karst areas: calcium-indifferent, high-calcium and low-calcium. For calcium-indifferent species, the exchangeable calcium content in soil was the key factor influencing the calcium contents, and the calcium content in plant aboveground and underground parts had a significant positive correlation with exchangeable calcium content in soil. For high-calcium species, the calcium contents in aboveground parts were always high, even in soil with low exchangeable calcium content. In contrast, the calcium contents in aboveground parts of low-calcium species was always low, even in soil with high exchangeable calcium content.

Key words: karst, calcium content in plant, calcium content in soil, adaptation to high calcium

JI Fei-Teng, LI Nan, DENG Xin. CALCIUM CONTENTS AND HIGH CALCIUM ADAPTATION OF PLANTS IN KARST AREAS OF CHINA[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(5): 926-935.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.012

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2009/V33/I5/926

Figures/Tables 6

References 35

[1]	An LZ (安黎哲), Liu YH (刘艳红), Feng HY (冯虎元), Feng GN (冯国宁), Cheng GD (程国栋) (2000). Studies on the characteristics of element contents of altifrigetic subnival vegetation at the source area of Urumqi River. Acta Botanica Borali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 20, 1063-1069. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	Borchert R (1986). Calcium acetate induces calcium uptake and formation of calcium-oxalate crystals in isolated leaflets of Gleditsia tracanthos L. Planta, 168, 571-578.
[3]	Chan CWM, Schorrak LM, Smith RK Jr, Bent AF, Sussman MR (2003). A cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, CNGC2, is crucial for plant development and adaptation to calcium stress. Plant Physiology, 132, 728-731. DOI URL PMID
[4]	Chan CWM, Wohlbach DJ, Rodesch MJ, Sussman MR (2008). Transcriptional changes in response to growth of Arabidopsis in high external calcium. FEBS Letters, 582, 967-976. DOI URL PMID
[5]	Chaves MM, Oliveira MM (2004). Mechanisms underlying plant resilience to water deficits: prospects for water- saving agriculture. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 2365-2384. DOI URL PMID
[6]	Davenport R, Tester M (2000). A weakly voltage- dependent, non-selective cation channel mediates toxic sodium influx in wheat. Plant Physiology, 122, 823-834. DOI URL PMID
[7]	Franceschi VR (1989). Calcium oxalate formation is a rapid and reversible process in Lemna minor L. Protoplasma, 148, 130-l37. DOI URL
[8]	Guan DS (管东生), Luo L (罗琳) (2003). Chemical element concentrations of tropical plant leaves in Hainan Province. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 39, 28-32. (in Chinese with English abstract) DOI URL
[9]	Grubb PJ, Edwards PJ (1982). Studies of mineral cycling in a montane rain forest in New Guinea. Ⅲ. The distribution of mineral elements in the above-ground material. Journal of Ecology, 70, 623-648. DOI URL
[10]	Hirschi KD (2004). The calcium conundrum, both versatile nutrient and specific signal. Plant Physiology, 136, 2438-2442. DOI URL PMID
[11]	Huang WL (黄威廉), Tu YL (屠玉麟) (1988). Vegetation of Guizhou (贵州植被). Guizhou People’s Press,Guiyang. (in Chinese)
[12]	Kinzel H (1989). Calcium in the vacuoles and cell walls of plant tissue. Flora, 182, 99-125. DOI URL
[13]	Leng Q, Mercier RW, Yao W, Berkowitz GA (1999). Cloning and first functional characterization of a plant cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel. Plant Physiology, 121, 753-761. DOI URL PMID
[14]	Li QY (李青云), Ge HB (葛会波), Hu SM (胡淑明), Wang HY (王惠英) (2006). Effects of sodium and calcium salt stresses on strawberry photosynthesis. Acta Botanica Borali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 26, 1713-1717. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	Long MH (龙明华), Tang XF (唐小付), Yu WJ (于文进), Liao Y (廖易), Huang WH (黄文浩), Qing RY (秦荣耀) (2005). Effects of different calcium levels on photosynthesis and protective enzyme activities of melon leaves. Guihaia (广西植物), 25, 77-82. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	Marschner H (1995). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press,London.
[17]	Paul CB, Russel LJ (2000). Vacuoles and prevacuolar compartments. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3, 469-475. DOI URL PMID
[18]	Poovaiah HW, Reddy ASN (1993). Calcium and signal transduction in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 12, 185-211. DOI URL PMID
[19]	Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2000). Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3, 217-223. URL PMID
[20]	Su WC (苏维词), Zhou JZ (周济祚) (1995). Rocky desertification in Guizhou karst region and its preventive strategy. Resources and Environment in Yangtze Velley (长江流域资源与环境), 4, 177-182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]	Tu YL (屠玉麟) (1989). Preliminary study on karst forests in Guizhou. Carsologica Sinica (中国岩溶), 8, 282-290. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	Tu YL (屠玉麟) (1995). A analisis of flora and ecological characteristics of karst scrubs in Guizhou Province. Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Science)(贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版)), 13, 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	White PJ (2000). Calcium channels in higher plants. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1465, l7l-l89.
[24]	White PJ (2001). The pathways of calcium movement to the xylem. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52, 891-899. DOI URL PMID
[25]	White PJ, Broadley MR (2003). Calcium in plants. Annals of Botany, 92, 487-511. DOI URL PMID
[26]	Wu WH (武维华) (2003). Plant Physiology (植物生理学). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese)
[27]	Xiang H (相辉), Zhang L (张玲), Chen J (陈进) (2003). Effects of calcium concentration in solution on calcium content in the seedlings of five fig plants. Guihaia (广西植物), 23, 165-168. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]	Xiong DZ (熊德中), Cai HY (蔡海洋), Zhang RJ (张仁椒), Li CY (李春英), Chen XF (陈星峰) (2007). Distribution of soil medium- and micro-elements in Fujian tobacco-growing soils. Chinese Journal of Eco- Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 15, 36-38. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[29]	Xu ZC (许自成), Li YY (黎妍妍), Xiao HQ (肖汉乾), Li HW (李挥文), Liu CK (刘春奎) (2007). The contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Hunan tobacco—Growing soils and their effects on tobacco quality. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 27, 4426-4433. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	Yang C (杨成), Liu CQ (刘丛强), Song ZL (宋照亮), Liu ZM (刘占民) (2007). Characteristics of the nutrient element contents in plants from Guizhou karst mountainous area of China. Ecology and Environment (生态环境), 16, 503-508. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	Yuan KN (袁可能) (1983). Soil Chemistry of Plant Nutrition Element (植物营养元素的土壤化学). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese)
[32]	Zhang XQ (张显强) (2005). Characteristics of Calciphile and Calcifuge Responding to External Ca²+ Concentration (喜钙和嫌钙植物对环境Ca²+响应特征的比较研究). Master dissertation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 7-16. (in Chinese)
[33]	Zhang XM (张习敏) (2008). Dynamic Distribution of Ca²+ in Leaves of Calciphile and Influence of Ca²+ on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficit (喜钙植物叶片细胞内Ca²+动态分布和Ca²+对氮、磷亏缺影响研究). Master dissertation,Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 5-20. (in Chinese)
[34]	Zhou YC (周运超) (1997). Study on the part plants’ main nutrient elements content of Guizhou karst region. Journal of Guizhou Agricultural College (贵州农学院学报), 16, 11-16. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	Zhu SQ (朱守谦) (1993). Study on the Karst Forest Ecology (喀斯特森林生态研究). Guizhou Science- Technology Publishing House,Guiyang. (in Chinese)

地点 Site	采集植物种类数 No. of species	植物地上部分全钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground parts (%)	植物地下部分全钙含量 Calcium content in underground parts (%)	土壤交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content in soil (mg·kg^-1)
普定 Puding 26°14.726′ N, 105°45.507′ E	27	2.271±1.069^a	1.837±0.991^a	4 374.67±624.40^a
花江 Huajiang 25°41.633′ N, 105°36.746′ E	29	1.832±0.971^a	1.552±0.893^a	3 796.80±531.77^b
荔波 Libo 25°26.223′ N, 108°7.117′ E	16	1.706±1.129^a	1.252±0.996^ab	3 284.57±910.27^c
罗甸 Luodian 25°25.441′ N, 106°50.276′ E	17	1.683±1.063^a	0.827±0.471^b	2 533.64±800.09^d
平均 Mean		1.909±1.059	1.432± 0.928	3 612.43±961.00

地点 Site	采集植物种类数 No. of species	植物地上部分全钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground parts (%)	植物地下部分全钙含量 Calcium content in underground parts (%)	土壤交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content in soil (mg·kg^-1)
普定 Puding 26°14.726′ N, 105°45.507′ E	27	2.271±1.069^a	1.837±0.991^a	4 374.67±624.40^a
花江 Huajiang 25°41.633′ N, 105°36.746′ E	29	1.832±0.971^a	1.552±0.893^a	3 796.80±531.77^b
荔波 Libo 25°26.223′ N, 108°7.117′ E	16	1.706±1.129^a	1.252±0.996^ab	3 284.57±910.27^c
罗甸 Luodian 25°25.441′ N, 106°50.276′ E	17	1.683±1.063^a	0.827±0.471^b	2 533.64±800.09^d
平均 Mean		1.909±1.059	1.432± 0.928	3 612.43±961.00

植物 Species	n	植物地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part			植被地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part
植物 Species	n	范围 Range (%)	平均值±标准误差 Means±SE (%)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient		范围 Range (%)	平均值±标准误差Means±SE (%)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
蜈蚣草 Pteris vittata	10	0.346~1.087	0.656±0.246	0.288 90	0.200~3.215		1.119±1.138	0.466 77
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera	11	0.872~1.575	1.154±0.177	-0.237 25	0.651~1.341		0.915±0.177	0.614 80*
凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. nervossa	11	0.575~1.656	1.087±0.415	0.627 39*	0.318~1.962		1.114±0.492	0.800 31**
肾蕨 Nephrolepis auriculata	8	1.066~2.317	1.653±0.416	0.566 67	0.322~2.001		0.898±0.667	0.627 42
井栏边草 Pteris multifida	9	0.307~2.634	1.294±0.925	0.945 22**	0.547~5.844		2.098±1.974	0.907 29**
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii	6	0.499~0.907	0.748±0.178	-0.559 22	0.524~0.787		0.703±0.110	0.009 78
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	9	0.567~1.783	1.133±0.374	0.634 24	0.664~3.288		1.669±0.872	0.241 59
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum	9	0.567~1.490	0.789±0.291	0.340 93	0.322~4.802		2.116±1.744	0.546 31
苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	8	1.329~3.214	2.304±0.669	-0.197 31	0.143~1.585		0.727±0.500	0.790 64*
地瓜 Ficus tikoua	11	0.102~3.04	1.869±0.940	0.915 62**	0.082~1.645		0.998±0.507	0.932 01**
乌蔹莓 Cayratia japonica	12	2.024~5.277	3.712±1.069	-0.477 41	1.229~4.297		2.376±0.951	0.244 07
田麻 Corchoropsis tomentosa	9	1.791~2.990	2.255±0.406	-0.743 73*	0.513~1.508		0.991±0.350	-0.241 37
薜荔 Ficus pumila	7	2.074~3.658	2.777±0.628	-0.716 05*	1.262~3.139		2.368±0.644	-0.588 77
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata	8	0.862~5.884	2.354±1.835	0.831 04*	0.299~3.818		1.285±1.271	0.849 55**

植物 Species	n	植物地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part			植被地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part
植物 Species	n	范围 Range (%)	平均值±标准误差 Means±SE (%)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient		范围 Range (%)	平均值±标准误差Means±SE (%)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient
蜈蚣草 Pteris vittata	10	0.346~1.087	0.656±0.246	0.288 90	0.200~3.215		1.119±1.138	0.466 77
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera	11	0.872~1.575	1.154±0.177	-0.237 25	0.651~1.341		0.915±0.177	0.614 80*
凤尾蕨 Pteris cretica var. nervossa	11	0.575~1.656	1.087±0.415	0.627 39*	0.318~1.962		1.114±0.492	0.800 31**
肾蕨 Nephrolepis auriculata	8	1.066~2.317	1.653±0.416	0.566 67	0.322~2.001		0.898±0.667	0.627 42
井栏边草 Pteris multifida	9	0.307~2.634	1.294±0.925	0.945 22**	0.547~5.844		2.098±1.974	0.907 29**
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii	6	0.499~0.907	0.748±0.178	-0.559 22	0.524~0.787		0.703±0.110	0.009 78
贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	9	0.567~1.783	1.133±0.374	0.634 24	0.664~3.288		1.669±0.872	0.241 59
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum	9	0.567~1.490	0.789±0.291	0.340 93	0.322~4.802		2.116±1.744	0.546 31
苦荬菜 Ixeris polycephala	8	1.329~3.214	2.304±0.669	-0.197 31	0.143~1.585		0.727±0.500	0.790 64*
地瓜 Ficus tikoua	11	0.102~3.04	1.869±0.940	0.915 62**	0.082~1.645		0.998±0.507	0.932 01**
乌蔹莓 Cayratia japonica	12	2.024~5.277	3.712±1.069	-0.477 41	1.229~4.297		2.376±0.951	0.244 07
田麻 Corchoropsis tomentosa	9	1.791~2.990	2.255±0.406	-0.743 73*	0.513~1.508		0.991±0.350	-0.241 37
薜荔 Ficus pumila	7	2.074~3.658	2.777±0.628	-0.716 05*	1.262~3.139		2.368±0.644	-0.588 77
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata	8	0.862~5.884	2.354±1.835	0.831 04*	0.299~3.818		1.285±1.271	0.849 55**

植物 Species	地上部分钙含量 Calcium content in aboveground part (%)	地下部分钙含量 Calcium content in underground part (%)
乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica	3.712^a	2.376^a
薜荔Ficus pumila	2.777^ab	2.368^a
白花鬼针草 Bidens pilosa var. radiata	2.354^bc	1.285^ab
苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala	2.304^bc	0.727^b
田麻Corchoropsis tomentosa	2.255^bc	0.991^ab
地瓜Ficus tikoua	1.869^bc	0.998^ab
肾蕨Nephrolepis auriculata	1.653^cde	0.898^b
井栏边草 Pteris multifida	1.294^cde	2.098^ab
金星蕨Parathelypteris glanduligera	1.154^de	0.915^b
贯众Cyrtomium fortunei	1.133^de	1.669^ab
凤尾蕨Pteris cretica var. nervossa	1.087^de	1.114^ab
丛毛羊胡子草Eriophorum comosum	0.789^de	2.116^ab
江南卷柏Selaginella moellendorffii	0.748^e	0.703^b
蜈蚣草Pteris vittata	0.656^e	1.119^ab