Short-term impacts of Ocnerodrilus occidentalis and Evodia lepta on soil CO2 fluxes in an Acacia auriculaeformis plantation in Guangdong Province, China

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.11.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The exotic earthworm Ocnerodrilus occidentalis is widespread in plantation and abandoned areas in Guangdong, China. Its distribution is gradually expanding due to insensitivity to temperature, moisture, soil pH and soil organic matter. Study of the processes of soil carbon dynamics affected by O. occidentalis can provide new insights for the reduction of soil carbon emissions. Our objective was to investigate the short-term impacts of this exotic earthworm and native plants on soil CO₂ fluxes.
Methods A field experiment was conducted in an Acacia auriculaeformis plantation at the Heshan Hilly Land Interdisciplinary Experimental Station. CO₂fluxes were measured for 15 days in situ using the static chamber technique and analyzed with a gas chromatogram.
Important findings Both O. occidentalis and Evodia lepta had no significant effects on soil CO₂fluxes. The effects of plant physical processes (such as shading), plant biological processes (such as secretion of root exudates) and overall processes on soil CO₂ fluxes were -32.1%, 40.9% and 8.8%, respectively, in treatments without earthworm addition, and were -7.2%, 30.7% and 23.5%, respectively, in treatments with earthworm addition. Plant physical processes inhibited soil CO₂ emissions, but enhanced the effects of the earthworm on soil CO₂ emissions (increased by 39.3%). Plant biological processes enhanced soil CO₂emissions, but inhibited the effects of earthworms on soil CO₂ emissions (decreased by 23.5%). Earthworm addition showed almost no significant impacts on most soil physical and chemical properties, but enhanced the activity of soil bacteria and led to a closer correlation between soil CO₂fluxes and soil physical and chemical properties. Meanwhile, earthworm activities changed the relationships between soil CO₂ fluxes and soil hydrothermal factors. Hence, soil CO₂ fluxes were not only influenced by hydrothermal factors, but also regulated by above- and below-ground biological processes. Therefore, it was difficult to determine an effective way to reduce forest soil CO₂ emissions if only the amount of soil CO₂ is considered and the impact of plant biological processes on soil CO₂ fluxes is ignored. In order to reduce soil carbon efflux, it will be useful to note the potential of the independent and interactive effects of plant physical processes, plant biological processes and earthworm activity on soil CO₂ flux.

Key words: carbon dioxide, earthworm effect, fake plant, microorganisms, stress index, physical effect of plant

GAO Bo, ZHANG Wei-Xin, LIU Su-Ping, SHAO Yuan-Hu, XIONG Yan-Mei, ZHOU Cun-Yu, FU Sheng-Lei. Short-term impacts of Ocnerodrilus occidentalis and Evodia lepta on soil CO₂fluxes in an Acacia auriculaeformis plantation in Guangdong Province, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(11): 1243-1253.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 2 Regression models for the relationship between soil carbon dioxide fluxes and soil physical and chemical characteristics (y = b0 + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 + b4x4 + b5x5)

回归方程 Regression equation		b₀	b₁	b₂	b₃	b₄	b₅	p	R²
CO₂通量 CO₂ flus	y (B)	484.2	2 479.3	-114.8	6.39	-9.55	-92.56	0.052	0.47
CO₂通量 CO₂ flus	y (A)	2 360.1	917.3	-4.80	4.27	-28.23	-573.5	0.046	0.50

Fig. 1 Comparison of soil carbon dioxide fluxes under different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 56). Different letters on column indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments, which were performed by two-way ANOVA analysis. CK, control; CK + E, plot with earthworm; FP, plot with fake plant; FP + E, plot with fake plant and earthworm; P, plot with plant; P + E, plot with plant and earthworm.

Fig. 2 Temporal dynamics of soil carbon dioxide fluxes under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, CK + E, FP, FP + E, P and P + E see Fig. 1.

Table 1 Formulas of earthworm and plant effects on soil carbon dioxide fluxes (%)

	无西土寒宪蚓 Without Ocnerodrilus occidentalis	有西土寒宪蚓 With O. occidentalis	蚯蚓效应 Earthworm effects
植物物理效应 Physical effect of plant	(FP - CK)/CK × 100	(FPE - CKE)/CKE × 100	(FPE - FP)/FP × 100
植物生物效应 Biological effect of plant	(P - FP)/CK × 100	(PE - FPE)/CKE × 100	[(PE - P)-(FPE - FP)]/(P - FP) × 100
植物总效应 Plant effects	(P - CK)/CK × 100	(PE - CKE)/CKE × 100	(PE - P)/P × 100
对照土壤 Control soil	-	-	(CKE - CK)/CK × 100

Fig. 3 The physical and chemical properties of surface soil under different treatments. *, difference between treatments was significant (p < 0.05). CK, CK + E, FP, FP + E, P, P + E see Fig.1.

Table 3 Regression models for the relationship between soil carbon dioxide fluxes, soil surface temperature and moisture & soil 5 cm temperature and moisture content (0-5 cm) under different treatments (y = b0e(b1T0 + b2T5)W0b3W5b4) (n = 56)

处理	b₀	b₁	b₂	b₃	b₄	p	R²
CK	122 412	0.098	-0.165	-0.704	-0.557	0.000	0.55
CK + E	675	0.027	0.013	-0.658	0.203	0.429	0.07
FP	2913	-0.189	0.212	-0.789	0.144	0.075	0.16
FP + E	98	0.140	-0.110	-0.330	0.281	0.053	0.20
P	5209	-0.069	0.111	-0.567	-0.387	0.000	0.34
P + E	2	0.118	-0.034	0.570	-0.005	0.034	0.19

Fig. 4 Comparisons of total phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs), Fungi : bacteria ratio, fungal PLFAs, bacteria PLFAs and bacteria stress index under different treatments (mean ± SE). CK, CK + E, FP, FP + E, P, P + E see Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 Mechanistic diagram of earthworm and plant effects and their interaction on soil carbon dioxide flux. +, positive effects; –, negative effects; 0, no effect or weak effect; ?, unknown process.

References 33

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Short-term impacts of Ocnerodrilus occidentalis and Evodia lepta on soil CO₂fluxes in an Acacia auriculaeformis plantation in Guangdong Province, China

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