Abstract: Effects of inorganic nutrition on the adaptations of spring wheat to drought were studied, including the changing process and the degree of osmotic adjustment, the accumulation of free proline, changes of leaf conductance, water loss rate of leaves in vitro, variations of leaf area and water consumption, the root growth and root/shoot ratio. Then, variances of grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were discussed. It follows that the effects of inorganic nutrition on the adaptations of different organs and different physiological activities in the spring wheat were not in the same direction: some were benificial to resist drought, others could change the process of a few physioecological adaptations, and still others were detrimental to the drought resistance. Comprehensive analyses explained that increasing yields of dryland crpos with fertilizer are mainly because the need of nutrients in drop growth is satisfied and the root development is promoted as a result of raised WUE, but are not because the drought tolerance of crop plants is significantly strenghened.