Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 222-236.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.024
• Review • Previous Articles
Received:
2008-05-21
Accepted:
2008-07-08
Online:
2009-05-21
Published:
2009-01-30
REN Ming-Xun. INTRAFLORAL STAMEN DIFFERENTIATIONS AND THEIR ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCES[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(1): 222-236.
分化形式 Types of stamen differentiations | 主要的系统分布 Taxonomic distributions | 适应意义 Adaptive significances | 主要文献 Main references | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 花丝长度的分化 Differentiations in filament length | |||||
1.1 单强雄蕊 Monodynamous | 金虎尾科 Malpighiaceae 风筝果属 Hiptage | 未知 Unknown | |||
1.2 二强雄蕊 Didynamous | 唇形科 Labiatae 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae 紫葳科 Bignoniaceae 苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae 爵床科 Acanthaceae | 不同长度雄蕊的散粉时间不同, 提高了花粉输出效率, 且常与雌雄异熟一起限制了花内自交 Differentiated stamens disperse pollen in different time, and often accompany with dichogamy to prevent selfing | Foerste, 1888 | ||
1.3 四强雄蕊 Tetradynamous | 十字花科 Cruciferae | 长雄蕊接触传粉者散粉, 短雄蕊增加访花者访花时间和通过自交实现繁殖保障 Longer stamens disperse pollen, shorter stamens attract pollinators and promote delayed autogamy | |||
1.4 多强雄蕊 Polydynamous | 杜鹃科 Ericaceae 茄科 Solanaceae 野牡丹科 Melastomataceae 豆科云实属 Caesalpinia | 长雄蕊接触传粉者散粉, 短雄蕊吸引传粉者和延迟自交 Long stamens disperse pollen, short stamens attract pollinators and for delayed autogamy | et al., 2001 | ||
1.5 三型花柱 Tristyly | 雨久花科 Pontederiaceae 酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae 千屈菜科 Lythraceae | 不同长度花药接触传粉者不同部位, 给其它花型对应长度柱头授粉; 且能吸引不同类型的传粉者提高花粉输出 Differentiated stamens contact the different parts of pollinator’s body and pollinate reciprocal stigma between floral morphs; Differentiated stamens can also enhance pollen output via contacting different pollinators | |||
1.6 异型雄蕊 Heteranthery | 血皮草科 Haemodoraceae 异蕊草科 Tecophilaeaceae 雨久花科 Pontederiaceae 茄科 Solanaceae 大多数镜像花柱植物 Most enantiostylous plants | 短雄蕊专门吸引传粉者和/或给传粉者提供可食花粉, 长雄蕊专门传粉 Long stamens disperse pollen, short stamens attract pollinators and provide edible pollen for pollinators | |||
2 花药的分化 Differentiations in anthers | |||||
2.1 花药大小与颜色分化 Differentiation in anther color and size | 雨久花科 Pontederiaceae 鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae 异蕊草科 Tecophilaeaceae 豆科 Fabaceae 大部分异型雄蕊植物 Heterantherous plants | 大而鲜艳的花药吸引传粉者, 小而暗淡的花药接触传粉者散粉 Showy anther attract pollinators and the normal anther directly contact the pollinators’ body to disperse pollen more effectively | |||
2.2 花药散粉时间分化 Differentiation in dehiscing time of anthers | 豆科云实属 Caesalpinia 大部分二强雄蕊植物 Most Didynamous plants | 延长对访花者吸引时间, 通过不同传粉者的多次传粉提高异交花粉输出率 Prolonging the attractiveness of flower, and enhancing pollen dispersal via many visits by different pollinators | |||
3 雄蕊合生的分化 Differentiation in stamen fusion | |||||
3.1 部分雄蕊花丝合生 Some fused with filaments | 豆科 Fabaceae 山茶科 Theaceae 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 未知 Unknown | |||
3.2 部分雄蕊花药合生 Some fused with anthers | 苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae 爵床科 Acanthaceae | 未知 Unknown | |||
4 雄蕊运动的分化 Differentiation in stamens movement | |||||
芸香科 Rutaceae 景天科 Crassulaceae 唇形科 Labiatae 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae | 未知 Unknown | ||||
5 退化雄蕊或变态雄蕊 Staminodes | |||||
鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae 兰科 Orchidaceae 姜科 Zingiberaceae | 吸引传粉者和/或提供可食花粉, 保护蜜腺和子房 Attracting pollinators and providing nutrient pollen for pollinators, protecting nectar and ovule |
Table 1 Typical types of intrafloral stamen differentiations and their systematic distributions and possible adaptive significances
分化形式 Types of stamen differentiations | 主要的系统分布 Taxonomic distributions | 适应意义 Adaptive significances | 主要文献 Main references | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 花丝长度的分化 Differentiations in filament length | |||||
1.1 单强雄蕊 Monodynamous | 金虎尾科 Malpighiaceae 风筝果属 Hiptage | 未知 Unknown | |||
1.2 二强雄蕊 Didynamous | 唇形科 Labiatae 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae 紫葳科 Bignoniaceae 苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae 爵床科 Acanthaceae | 不同长度雄蕊的散粉时间不同, 提高了花粉输出效率, 且常与雌雄异熟一起限制了花内自交 Differentiated stamens disperse pollen in different time, and often accompany with dichogamy to prevent selfing | Foerste, 1888 | ||
1.3 四强雄蕊 Tetradynamous | 十字花科 Cruciferae | 长雄蕊接触传粉者散粉, 短雄蕊增加访花者访花时间和通过自交实现繁殖保障 Longer stamens disperse pollen, shorter stamens attract pollinators and promote delayed autogamy | |||
1.4 多强雄蕊 Polydynamous | 杜鹃科 Ericaceae 茄科 Solanaceae 野牡丹科 Melastomataceae 豆科云实属 Caesalpinia | 长雄蕊接触传粉者散粉, 短雄蕊吸引传粉者和延迟自交 Long stamens disperse pollen, short stamens attract pollinators and for delayed autogamy | et al., 2001 | ||
1.5 三型花柱 Tristyly | 雨久花科 Pontederiaceae 酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae 千屈菜科 Lythraceae | 不同长度花药接触传粉者不同部位, 给其它花型对应长度柱头授粉; 且能吸引不同类型的传粉者提高花粉输出 Differentiated stamens contact the different parts of pollinator’s body and pollinate reciprocal stigma between floral morphs; Differentiated stamens can also enhance pollen output via contacting different pollinators | |||
1.6 异型雄蕊 Heteranthery | 血皮草科 Haemodoraceae 异蕊草科 Tecophilaeaceae 雨久花科 Pontederiaceae 茄科 Solanaceae 大多数镜像花柱植物 Most enantiostylous plants | 短雄蕊专门吸引传粉者和/或给传粉者提供可食花粉, 长雄蕊专门传粉 Long stamens disperse pollen, short stamens attract pollinators and provide edible pollen for pollinators | |||
2 花药的分化 Differentiations in anthers | |||||
2.1 花药大小与颜色分化 Differentiation in anther color and size | 雨久花科 Pontederiaceae 鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae 异蕊草科 Tecophilaeaceae 豆科 Fabaceae 大部分异型雄蕊植物 Heterantherous plants | 大而鲜艳的花药吸引传粉者, 小而暗淡的花药接触传粉者散粉 Showy anther attract pollinators and the normal anther directly contact the pollinators’ body to disperse pollen more effectively | |||
2.2 花药散粉时间分化 Differentiation in dehiscing time of anthers | 豆科云实属 Caesalpinia 大部分二强雄蕊植物 Most Didynamous plants | 延长对访花者吸引时间, 通过不同传粉者的多次传粉提高异交花粉输出率 Prolonging the attractiveness of flower, and enhancing pollen dispersal via many visits by different pollinators | |||
3 雄蕊合生的分化 Differentiation in stamen fusion | |||||
3.1 部分雄蕊花丝合生 Some fused with filaments | 豆科 Fabaceae 山茶科 Theaceae 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 未知 Unknown | |||
3.2 部分雄蕊花药合生 Some fused with anthers | 苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae 爵床科 Acanthaceae | 未知 Unknown | |||
4 雄蕊运动的分化 Differentiation in stamens movement | |||||
芸香科 Rutaceae 景天科 Crassulaceae 唇形科 Labiatae 玄参科 Scrophulariaceae | 未知 Unknown | ||||
5 退化雄蕊或变态雄蕊 Staminodes | |||||
鸭跖草科 Commelinaceae 兰科 Orchidaceae 姜科 Zingiberaceae | 吸引传粉者和/或提供可食花粉, 保护蜜腺和子房 Attracting pollinators and providing nutrient pollen for pollinators, protecting nectar and ovule |
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