Phenological change of main vegetation types along a North-South Transect of Eastern China

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation phenology is a sensitive indicator of ecological response to climate change that is usually used as an important component of dynamic vegetation models and reflects dynamic of carbon and water exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere.

Methods Based on the biweekly dataset of NOAA/AVHRR NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for 1982-2006, the phenological curves of main vegetation types along the North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC) were extracted using remote sensing software ENVI (ver4.3, RSI). A smooth-splin method was used to simulate and develop smooth phonological curves, which were used to determine timing of main phenological events by the first derivative method.

Important findings Earlier onsets of green-up were found in Temperate Coniferous Forest (TCF, 0.56 d·a^-1), Temperate Grassland (TG, 0.66 d·a^-1), Subtropical and Tropical Coniferous Forest (STCF, 0.46 d·a^-1), Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (SDBF, 0.58 d·a^-1), Subtropical and Tropical Grassland (STG, 0.89 d·a^-1). Delays of dormancy were found in Temperate and Cold Temperate Coniferous Forest (TCTCF, 0.32 d·a^-1), Subtropical Deciduous Broadleaf Forest (SDBF, 0.80 d·a^-1) and Temperate Deciduous Forest (TDF, 0.18 d·a^-1). Prolonged growing season lengths (GSL) were also found in most vegetation types in the transect; however, these differed in their onsets dates of green-up or dormancy. Prolonged GSL in TCF (0.77 d·a^-1) was caused by earlier onset of green-up, prolonged GSL in TCTCF (0.38 d·a^-1) and TDBF (0.36 d·a^-1) were caused by delays of dormancy and prolonged of GSL in TG (0.76 d·a^-1), STCF (0.83 d·a^-1), SDBF (1.4 d·a^-1) and STG (1.3 d·a^-1) were due to both advances of green-up and delays of dormancy. Correlations among precipitation, temperature and NDVI were analyzed to further explore the causes of phenological variation. The result showed that temperature has greater influence on variations of phonological events than precipitation. Heat gradient along NSTEC caused a phonological events gradient, i.e., a time sequence of cold temperate zone > temperate zone > subtropical zone in the onset dates of green-up and subtropical zone > temperate zone > cold temperate zone in the onset dates of dormancy and growing season lengths.

Key words: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), North-South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC), phenology, vegetation types

YU Zhen, SUN Peng-Sen, LIU Shi-Rong. Phenological change of main vegetation types along a North-South Transect of Eastern China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2010, 34(3): 316-329.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2010.03.009

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2010/V34/I3/316

Figures/Tables 11

References 34

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月 Month	植被类型 Vegetation type
月 Month	TCTCF	TCF	TMF	TDBF	TDS	TMS	TGS	TG	STCF	STG	SDBF	SEBF
1	0.3	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	0.7	0.8	1.9	1.4	1.3	0.3	1.3
2	1.5	3.5^**	2.2^*	2.0^*	2.8^**	1.8	2.7^**	3.6^**	3.0^**	2.1^*	2.9^**	2.0^*
3	1.1	3.7^**	1.3	1.0	2.0^*	0.8	1.7	3.3^**	3.4^**	2.8^**	3.4^**	2.0^*
4	0.4	2.2^*	1.3	0.9	1.5	1.5	1.8	2.2^*	1.9	2.6^**	2.2^*	2.7^**
5	0.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	2.0^*	1.4	2.0^*	2.0^*	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.5
6	0.4	3.1^**	3.0^**	1.7	2.4^*	1.5	2.5^**	3.1^**	3.3^**	2.0^*	3.3^**	0.8
7	2.5^**	3.1^**	3.1^**	2.1^*	2.8^**	2.9	3.6^**	3.0^**	3.5^**	1.7	2.4^*	0.1
8	1.3	1.7	-0.3	-0.7	0.7	1.8	2.2^*	1.5^**	0.4	0.6	-0.2	0.1
9	1.4	1.7	3.2^**	3.1^**	3.1^**	3.3	3.5^**	2.6^**	1.7	1.8	1.5	0.8
10	1.1	0.4	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.5	0.9	1.2	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.6
11	-0.6	1.8	1.1	0.7	0.8	-0.3	0.5	1.9	1.4	1.6	0.7	2.0^*
12	-0.6	1.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.2	-1.5	-0.2	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.8
年 Annual	1.1	4.0^**	2.7^**	4.2^**	4.1^**	3.7^**	2.6^**	3.5^**	3.5^**	3.7^**	4.1^**	3.7^**

月 Month	植被类型 Vegetation type
月 Month	TCTCF	TCF	TMF	TDBF	TDS	TMS	TGS	TG	STCF	STG	SDBF	SEBF
1	0.3	1.0	1.4	1.3	1.1	0.7	0.8	1.9	1.4	1.3	0.3	1.3
2	1.5	3.5^**	2.2^*	2.0^*	2.8^**	1.8	2.7^**	3.6^**	3.0^**	2.1^*	2.9^**	2.0^*
3	1.1	3.7^**	1.3	1.0	2.0^*	0.8	1.7	3.3^**	3.4^**	2.8^**	3.4^**	2.0^*
4	0.4	2.2^*	1.3	0.9	1.5	1.5	1.8	2.2^*	1.9	2.6^**	2.2^*	2.7^**
5	0.5	1.6	1.3	1.3	2.0^*	1.4	2.0^*	2.0^*	0.8	0.9	1.0	1.5
6	0.4	3.1^**	3.0^**	1.7	2.4^*	1.5	2.5^**	3.1^**	3.3^**	2.0^*	3.3^**	0.8
7	2.5^**	3.1^**	3.1^**	2.1^*	2.8^**	2.9	3.6^**	3.0^**	3.5^**	1.7	2.4^*	0.1
8	1.3	1.7	-0.3	-0.7	0.7	1.8	2.2^*	1.5^**	0.4	0.6	-0.2	0.1
9	1.4	1.7	3.2^**	3.1^**	3.1^**	3.3	3.5^**	2.6^**	1.7	1.8	1.5	0.8
10	1.1	0.4	1.5	1.0	1.1	1.5	0.9	1.2	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.6
11	-0.6	1.8	1.1	0.7	0.8	-0.3	0.5	1.9	1.4	1.6	0.7	2.0^*
12	-0.6	1.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.2	-1.5	-0.2	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.6	0.8
年 Annual	1.1	4.0^**	2.7^**	4.2^**	4.1^**	3.7^**	2.6^**	3.5^**	3.5^**	3.7^**	4.1^**	3.7^**

月 Month	植被类型 Vegetation type
月 Month	TCTCF	TCF	TMF	TDBF	TDS	TMS	TGS	TG	STCF	STG	SDBF	SEBF
1	-0.3	0.8	0.0	0.4	0.0	1.0	0.9	0.7	0.0	1.0	0.5	0.4
2	0.1	0.8	-0.8	-1.3	-0.3	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	0.8	-1.9	0.7	-1.3
3	0.2	-2.5^**	0.0	1.1	-1.5	0.8	-0.9	-2.2^*	-2.2^*	0.3	-1.2	-1.3
4	-0.2	0.1	-0.8	-0.7	-0.4	0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.7	-0.5	0.6	0.0
5	0.5	-1.7	0.0	-0.5	-1.4	-0.6	-0.4	-1.1	-0.6	1.4	-0.9	0.4
6	-0.5	0.5	-0.7	-0.3	0.6	-0.9	-0.7	0.7	-0.6	1.4	0.5	1.8
7	-1.0	-0.3	-0.7	-0.2	-0.5	-1.0	-1.4	-0.7	-1.0	0.7	0.7	2.1^*
8	-2.7^**	-0.4	-1.4	-0.9	-1.6	-1.8	-1.9	-0.7	-0.8	0.5	-0.2	1.1
9	-1.5	0.1	-2.4^*	-2.6^**	-2.8^**	-2.6^**	-1.7	-0.8	-1.0	-2.0^*	-0.4	-2.3^*
10	0.3	-0.6	0.9	1.3	0.6	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.4	-0.6	-1.3
11	0.4	-0.6	-0.7	-0.3	-0.4	0.0	0.1	-0.2	-1.4	-1.3	-0.3	0.5
12	0.5	0.5	-0.2	0.3	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.3	0.1	1.1	0.6	-0.3
年 Annual	-2.2^*	-1.7	-2.1^*	-1.3	-2.2^*	-2.2^*	-1.1	-2.4^*	0.9	0.2	-2.1^*	-0.8

月 Month	植被类型 Vegetation type
月 Month	TCTCF	TCF	TMF	TDBF	TDS	TMS	TGS	TG	STCF	STG	SDBF	SEBF
1	-0.3	0.8	0.0	0.4	0.0	1.0	0.9	0.7	0.0	1.0	0.5	0.4
2	0.1	0.8	-0.8	-1.3	-0.3	-0.5	-0.1	0.1	0.8	-1.9	0.7	-1.3
3	0.2	-2.5^**	0.0	1.1	-1.5	0.8	-0.9	-2.2^*	-2.2^*	0.3	-1.2	-1.3
4	-0.2	0.1	-0.8	-0.7	-0.4	0.4	0.2	0.1	-0.7	-0.5	0.6	0.0
5	0.5	-1.7	0.0	-0.5	-1.4	-0.6	-0.4	-1.1	-0.6	1.4	-0.9	0.4
6	-0.5	0.5	-0.7	-0.3	0.6	-0.9	-0.7	0.7	-0.6	1.4	0.5	1.8
7	-1.0	-0.3	-0.7	-0.2	-0.5	-1.0	-1.4	-0.7	-1.0	0.7	0.7	2.1^*
8	-2.7^**	-0.4	-1.4	-0.9	-1.6	-1.8	-1.9	-0.7	-0.8	0.5	-0.2	1.1
9	-1.5	0.1	-2.4^*	-2.6^**	-2.8^**	-2.6^**	-1.7	-0.8	-1.0	-2.0^*	-0.4	-2.3^*
10	0.3	-0.6	0.9	1.3	0.6	0.5	-0.1	-0.2	0.1	-0.4	-0.6	-1.3
11	0.4	-0.6	-0.7	-0.3	-0.4	0.0	0.1	-0.2	-1.4	-1.3	-0.3	0.5
12	0.5	0.5	-0.2	0.3	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.3	0.1	1.1	0.6	-0.3
年 Annual	-2.2^*	-1.7	-2.1^*	-1.3	-2.2^*	-2.2^*	-1.1	-2.4^*	0.9	0.2	-2.1^*	-0.8

植被类型 Vegetation type	返青起始期 Green-up		休眠起始期 Dormancy		生长季长度 Length of growing season
植被类型 Vegetation type	温度 Temperature	降水 Precipitation	温度 Temperature	降水 Precipitation	温度 Temperature	降水 Precipitation
TCTCF	-0.64^**	0.08	0.08	-0.14	0.47^*	0.02
TCF	-0.52^**	-0.11	0.49^*	0.17	0.64^*	-0.11
TMF	-0.48^*	0.22	0.19	0.19	0.14	0.23
TDBF	-0.71^*	-0.02	0.38	-0.01	0.43*	0.20
TDS	-0.50^*	-0.41^*	0.19	0.03	0.39	0.29
TMS	-0.08	-0.28	-0.07	0.14	0.10	0.38
TG	-0.40^*	-0.16	-0.12	-0.04	-0.10	-0.02
TGS	0.16	-0.28	-0.09	0.12	0.50	-0.01
STCF	-0.47^*	0.31	0.13	0.18	0.53^**	-0.06
SDBF	-0.52^**	0.01	0.30	-0.29	0.52^**	-0.01
SEBF	-0.36	0.28	0.11	-0.20	0.34	-0.01
STG	-0.38	-0.06	0.03	-0.06	0.38	0.06