Effects of fractionated nitrogen application on leaf senescence and 15N-urea uptake and utilization of apple rootstock―Malus hupenhensis

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.01286

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The effects of fractionated nitrogen (N) fertilization (once, twice and thrice) on leaf senescence and nitrogen uptake and utilization of potted Malus hupenhensis were explored using the ¹⁵N labeling technique. Methods We measured growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and chlorophyll content (SPAD), enzyme parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves and ¹⁵N parameters such as uptake and utilization for potted M. hupehensis under different fractionated N applications. Important findings Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and SPAD were highest at early growth stage for once fractionated application and lower for twice fractionated application, and lowest for thrice fractionated application. At middle growth stage, twice fractionated application showed the highest values, while once fractionated application exhibited the lowest values. At the late growth stage, thrice fractionated application was the highest, while once fractionated application was the lowest. The leaf SOD, POD and CAT activities were highest for once fractionated application at early growth stage and lowest for thrice fractionated application. At the middle growth stage, twice fractionated application was the highest, whereas once fractionated application was lowest. At the late growth stage, thrice fractionated application showed the highest values, while once fractionated application had the lowest values. The ¹⁵N derived from fertilizer (N_dff) value in different organs was significantly different. Thrice fractionated application demonstrated higher values than either of once and twice fractionated application at the late growth stage. Plant total N, ¹⁵N uptake and N-usage efficiency were highest for thrice fractionated application at late growth stage. This indicates that thrice fractionated application not only can enhance the total N content of leaves and delay leaf senescence, but also can increase the N-usage efficiency.

Key words: absorption, fractionated application, leaf senescence, Malus hupenhensis, ¹⁵N-labeled urea, utilization

DING Ning, JIANG Yuan-Mao, WEI Shao-Chong, CHEN Qian, GE Shun-Feng. Effects of fractionated nitrogen application on leaf senescence and ¹⁵N-urea uptake and utilization of apple rootstock―Malus hupenhensis[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2012, 36(12): 1286-1292.

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References 24

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项目 Item	生长前期 Early growth stage						生长后期 Late growth stage
项目 Item	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application
株高 Plant height (cm)	11.98 ± 0.66^a	10.80 ± 0.45^b	10.05 ± 0.29^b	19.58 ± 0.49^b	22.04 ± 0.44^a	20.58 ± 0.69^b	26.49 ± 0.73^b	27.62 ± 0.69^ab	28.37 ± 0.76^a
茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	2.57 ± 0.01^a	2.54 ± 0.01^b	2.53 ± 0.01^b	2.79 ± 0.04^b	2.91 ± 0.03^a	2.87 ± 0.03^a	3.14 ± 0.05^c	3.28 ± 0.03^b	3.52 ± 0.08^a
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	8.94 ± 0.29^a	8.33 ± 0.04^b	8.19 ± 0.06^b	12.58 ± 0.31^c	13.97 ± 0.25^a	13.42 ± 0.23^b	16.22 ± 0.57^b	17.54 ± 0.69^b	19.73 ± 0.96^a
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	51.70 ± 1.61^a	46.43 ± 1.08^b	43.63 ± 0.95^c	53.23 ± 1.01^b	57.03 ± 1.04^a	54.20 ± 1.55^ab	44.57 ± 1.51^c	48.81 ± 1.18^b	53.57 ± 1.27^a
叶片全N量 Total N content of leaves (g·plant^-1)	0.06 ± 0.03^a	0.05 ± 0.02^a	0.05 ± 0.03^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.06 ± 0.00^b	0.07 ± 0.01^b	0.09 ± 0.00^a

项目 Item	生长前期 Early growth stage						生长后期 Late growth stage
项目 Item	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application
株高 Plant height (cm)	11.98 ± 0.66^a	10.80 ± 0.45^b	10.05 ± 0.29^b	19.58 ± 0.49^b	22.04 ± 0.44^a	20.58 ± 0.69^b	26.49 ± 0.73^b	27.62 ± 0.69^ab	28.37 ± 0.76^a
茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	2.57 ± 0.01^a	2.54 ± 0.01^b	2.53 ± 0.01^b	2.79 ± 0.04^b	2.91 ± 0.03^a	2.87 ± 0.03^a	3.14 ± 0.05^c	3.28 ± 0.03^b	3.52 ± 0.08^a
叶面积 Leaf area (cm²)	8.94 ± 0.29^a	8.33 ± 0.04^b	8.19 ± 0.06^b	12.58 ± 0.31^c	13.97 ± 0.25^a	13.42 ± 0.23^b	16.22 ± 0.57^b	17.54 ± 0.69^b	19.73 ± 0.96^a
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (SPAD)	51.70 ± 1.61^a	46.43 ± 1.08^b	43.63 ± 0.95^c	53.23 ± 1.01^b	57.03 ± 1.04^a	54.20 ± 1.55^ab	44.57 ± 1.51^c	48.81 ± 1.18^b	53.57 ± 1.27^a
叶片全N量 Total N content of leaves (g·plant^-1)	0.06 ± 0.03^a	0.05 ± 0.02^a	0.05 ± 0.03^a	0.08 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.09 ± 0.01^a	0.06 ± 0.00^b	0.07 ± 0.01^b	0.09 ± 0.00^a

项目 Items	生长初期 Early growth stage			生长中期 Medium growth stage			生长后期 Late growth stage
项目 Items	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application
SOD (U·mg^-1FW)	5.15 ± 0.07^a	4.88 ± 0.06^b	4.59 ± 0.15^c	4.38 ± 0.06^b	4.58 ± 0.05^a	4.29 ± 0.06^b	2.56 ± 0.42^c	3.13 ± 0.14^b	3.77 ± 0.16^a
POD (U·mg^-1FW)	56.48 ± 5.63^a	51.49 ± 5.44a^b	42.56 ± 4.02^b	35.32 ± 2.13^c	44.45 ± 1.41^b	38.93 ± 1.74^b	12.75 ± 1.43^b	15.76 ± 1.70^ab	18.69 ± 1.63^a
CAT (U·mg^-1FW)	23.89 ± 1.87^a	18.35 ± 0.76^b	16.73 ± 1.08^b	4.73 ± 0.21^c	6.69 ± 0.28^a	5.73 ± 0.75^b	3.63 ± 0.22^b	3.85 ± 0.03^b	4.56 ± 0.39^a

项目 Items	生长初期 Early growth stage			生长中期 Medium growth stage			生长后期 Late growth stage
项目 Items	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application
SOD (U·mg^-1FW)	5.15 ± 0.07^a	4.88 ± 0.06^b	4.59 ± 0.15^c	4.38 ± 0.06^b	4.58 ± 0.05^a	4.29 ± 0.06^b	2.56 ± 0.42^c	3.13 ± 0.14^b	3.77 ± 0.16^a
POD (U·mg^-1FW)	56.48 ± 5.63^a	51.49 ± 5.44a^b	42.56 ± 4.02^b	35.32 ± 2.13^c	44.45 ± 1.41^b	38.93 ± 1.74^b	12.75 ± 1.43^b	15.76 ± 1.70^ab	18.69 ± 1.63^a
CAT (U·mg^-1FW)	23.89 ± 1.87^a	18.35 ± 0.76^b	16.73 ± 1.08^b	4.73 ± 0.21^c	6.69 ± 0.28^a	5.73 ± 0.75^b	3.63 ± 0.22^b	3.85 ± 0.03^b	4.56 ± 0.39^a

器官 Organs	追肥方式 Fertilization mode
器官 Organs	一次追肥 Once fractionated application	二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application
根 Root	11.79 ± 0.31^b	12.31 ± 0.38^ab	13.86 ± 1.38^a
茎 Stem	10.79 ± 0.40^b	11.29 ± 0.41^ab	11.96 ± 0.17^a
叶 Leaf	8.85 ± 0.53^c	10.48 ± 0.67^b	11.69 ± 0.14^a

Effects of fractionated nitrogen application on leaf senescence and ¹⁵N-urea uptake and utilization of apple rootstock―Malus hupenhensis

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追肥方式 Fertilization mode	植株总N量 Total N content of plant (g)	吸收的¹⁵N量 ¹⁵N absorbed from ¹⁵N-urea (g)	¹⁵N肥料利用率(%) ¹⁵N-urea utilization rate
一次追肥 Once fractionated application	0.12 ± 0.006 5^b	0.012 ± 0.000 4^b	4.12 ± 0.14^c
二次追肥 Twice fractionated application	0.13 ± 0.008 5^ab	0.015 ± 0.000 7^a	5.13 ± 0.23^b
三次追肥 Thrice fractionated application	0.14 ± 0.007 9^a	0.017 ± 0.001 7^a	6.01 ± 0.29^a

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