Warming impacts on the dry matter accumulation, and translocation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0021

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Global warming is expected to be the strongest in high altitude mountainous areas, which are more ecologically fragile and economically marginalized. The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is among such areas most vulnerable to global warming, and more than 80% of its population depends on subsistence agriculture. The aim of this study is to understand the impacts of warming on indigenous crop production, which can help to devise better strategies for crop adaptation and food security in this area.Methods A field warming experiment using a facility of free air temperature increase was conducted to simulate the predicted warming level in Caigongtang town, Lhasa City, China. The experiment consisting of two treatments (warmed and non-warmed) was performed using a completely random design with three replicates. An infrared heater (180 cm in length and 20 cm in width) of 1 500 W was suspended 1.5 m above the ground in each warmed plot. In each non-warmed plot, a ‘dummy’ heater of same dimensions was also suspended to mimic the shading effects. The warming treatment was performed from the sown date to the harvest date. We measured dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, partition and translocation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) using ‘Shandong 6’ under warming and control treatments.Important findings Results showed that, with 1.1 °C increase in daily mean air temperature during winter wheat growing season, the dry matter accumulation rate at population level from sowing to anthesis stage, grain dry matter partition ratio and contribution of dry matter translocation amount to grain after anthesis were 27.5%, 5.6% and 68.6% higher, respectively, in the warmed plots than those in the non-warmed plots. Meanwhile, warming increased nitrogen accumulation rate at population level of winter wheat. Nitrogen distribution proportions in grain and nitrogen translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to grain after anthesis in the warmed treatment were 6.0% and 5.5% higher than those in the non-warmed treatment, respectively. Compared with non-warmed treatment, warming decreased harvest index by 3.1%, though the difference was not statistically significant. Grain yield, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen harvest index were 8.1%, 20.8%, 8.1% and 6.0% higher, respectively, in the warmed plots than those in the non-warmed plots. In conclusion, an increase in daily mean air temperature of about 1.1 °C can enhance plant growth during the pre-anthesis phase by mitigating the low temperature limitation, and accelerate dry matter and nitrogen partition and translocation to the grain after anthesis in winter wheat. These results suggest that warming may benefit winter wheat production through increasing nitrogen use efficiency in high altitude areas.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201710004

Key words: climate change, free air temperature increase, winter wheat, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency

Cheng-Yan ZHENG, Ai-Xing DENG, Hojatollah LATIFMANESH, Zhen-Wei SONG, Jun ZHANG, Li WANG, Wei-Jian ZHANG. Warming impacts on the dry matter accumulation, and translocation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(10): 1060-1068.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0021

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I10/1060

Figures/Tables 8

References 34

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处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain		穗轴+颖壳 Spike axis + glume		叶片 Leaf		茎秆+叶鞘 Stem + sheath
处理 Treatment	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)
不增温 Non-warmed	2.59 ± 0.04^a	42.88 ± 0.45^b	0.64 ± 0.02^a	10.53 ± 0.40^a	0.27 ± 0.01^a	4.49 ± 0.08^a	2.54 ± 0.05^a	42.09 ± 0.27^a
增温 Warmed	2.33 ± 0.05^a	45.28 ± 0.08^a	0.56 ± 0.02^a	10.98 ± 0.36^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	4.09 ± 0.30^a	2.04 ± 0.04^b	39.65 ± 0.10^b

处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain		穗轴+颖壳 Spike axis + glume		叶片 Leaf		茎秆+叶鞘 Stem + sheath
处理 Treatment	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)
不增温 Non-warmed	2.59 ± 0.04^a	42.88 ± 0.45^b	0.64 ± 0.02^a	10.53 ± 0.40^a	0.27 ± 0.01^a	4.49 ± 0.08^a	2.54 ± 0.05^a	42.09 ± 0.27^a
增温 Warmed	2.33 ± 0.05^a	45.28 ± 0.08^a	0.56 ± 0.02^a	10.98 ± 0.36^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	4.09 ± 0.30^a	2.04 ± 0.04^b	39.65 ± 0.10^b

处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain		穗轴+颖壳 Spike axis + glume		叶片 Leaf		茎秆+叶鞘 Stem + sheath
处理 Treatment	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)
不增温 Non-warmed	56.34 ± 0.76^a	73.26 ± 0.63^b	4.62 ± 0.25^a	6.01 ± 0.35^a	2.88 ± 0.11^a	3.75 ± 0.12^a	13.05 ± 0.26^a	16.98 ± 0.40^a
增温 Warmed	55.18 ± 0.55^a	77.68 ± 0.27^a	4.31 ± 0.18^a	6.07 ± 0.29^a	1.88 ± 0.14^a	2.65 ± 0.19^a	9.66 ± 0.13^b	13.60 ± 0.20^b

处理 Treatment	籽粒 Grain		穗轴+颖壳 Spike axis + glume		叶片 Leaf		茎秆+叶鞘 Stem + sheath
处理 Treatment	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)	分配量 Distribution amount (g·stem^-1)	分配比例 Distribution ratio (%)
不增温 Non-warmed	56.34 ± 0.76^a	73.26 ± 0.63^b	4.62 ± 0.25^a	6.01 ± 0.35^a	2.88 ± 0.11^a	3.75 ± 0.12^a	13.05 ± 0.26^a	16.98 ± 0.40^a
增温 Warmed	55.18 ± 0.55^a	77.68 ± 0.27^a	4.31 ± 0.18^a	6.07 ± 0.29^a	1.88 ± 0.14^a	2.65 ± 0.19^a	9.66 ± 0.13^b	13.60 ± 0.20^b

处理 Treatment	不增温 Non-warmed	增温 Warmed
营养器官花前贮藏同化物转运量 DMTA (kg·hm^-2)	1 164.95 ± 48.69^b	2 126.69 ± 129.66^a
开花前贮藏同化物转运率 DMTR (%)	8.51 ± 0.52^b	12.96 ± 0.91^a
开花前贮藏同化物转运量对籽粒贡献率 CDMTAAG (%)	13.29 ± 0.93^b	22.40 ± 1.67^a
开花后同化物积累输入籽粒量 DMAAA (kg·hm^-2)	7 635.10 ± 293.44^a	7 390.02 ± 309.59^a
开花后同化量对籽粒贡献率 CDMAAAG (%)	86.71 ± 0.93^a	77.60 ± 1.67^b