High-level phenotypic variations in populations of Armeniaca sibirica in Nei Mongol, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0172

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives were to determine the variations in phenotypic traits of Armeniaca sibirica populations and their spatial patterns. Methods We used nested variation, coefficient of variation, multi-comparison, correlation analysis and principal component analysis to analyze the 23 phenotypic traits for 130 individuals in 13 populations of A. sibirica. Important findings The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic variations among and within populations. The variation was greater among populations (47.15%) than within population (16.43%). The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 73.03% among populations, indicating the variance among populations being the main source of the phenotypic variation. The average variation coefficient of 23 traits ranged from 7.01% to 27.23%, with an average of 14.28%. The variation coefficient of nutlet was highest (15.67%), and the variation coefficient of fruit was smallest (12.11%). The phenotypic diversity is highest in Wanjiagou Tumotezuoqi and smallest in Horqin, Right Front Banner Chaersen. Longitude, mean annual precipitation and sunshine duration were significantly correlated with major traits of phenotypic. The 13 populations could be divided into four groups according to the principal component analysis. Leaf traits of Wula Mountain and nutlet traits of Archorchin Banner were significantly correlated with ecological and geographic factors.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201610011

Key words: correlation analysis, phenotypic differentiation, phenotypic variation, Armeniaca sibirica

Ming-Yu YIN, Zhong-Mao JIANG, Xu-Chun ZHU, Wen-Quan BAO, Han ZHAO, Tana WUYUN. High-level phenotypic variations in populations of Armeniaca sibirica in Nei Mongol, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(10): 1090-1099.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0172

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2016/V40/I10/1090

Figures/Tables 6

References 33

[1]	Bao WQ (2013). Evaluation of Important Genetic Variation on Armeniaca sibirica in Inner Mongolia and Its Excellent Plant Screening. Master degree dissertation, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot. 32-40.(in Chinese)[包文泉 (2013). 内蒙古地区山杏重要性状遗传变异评价及优株选择. 硕士学位论文, 内蒙古农业大学, 呼和浩特. 32-40.]
[2]	Bao WQ, Wuyun TN, Yin MY (2014). Genetic variation of fine individual plants’ seed characteristics of wild apricot in Inner Mongolia.Nonwood Forest Research, 32(4), 13-17, 72.(in Chinese with English abstract)[包文泉, 乌云塔娜, 尹明宇 (2014). 内蒙古野生山杏优良单株果核性状的遗传变异分析. 经济林研究,32(4), 13-17, 72.]
[3]	Cao Y (2014). Analysis preservation of Armeniaca sibirica germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design, 37(3), 103-105.(in Chinese with English abstract)[曹扬 (2014). 内蒙古自治区山杏种质资源保存库建设分析. 内蒙古林业调查设计,37(3), 103-105.
[4]	Diao SF, Shao WH, Jiang JM, Dong RX, Sun HG (2014). Phenotypic diversity in natural populations of Sapindus mukorossi based on fruit and seed traits.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 1451-1460.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刁松锋, 邵文豪, 姜景民, 董汝湘, 孙洪刚 (2014). 基于种实性状的无患子天然群体表型多样性研究. 生态学报,34, 1451-1460.]
[5]	Ge S, Wang MX, Chen YW (1988). An analysis of population genetic structure of masson pine by isozyme technique.Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 24, 399-410.(in Chinese with English abstract)[葛颂, 王明庥, 陈岳武 (1988). 用同工酶研究马尾松种群的遗传结构. 林业科学,24, 399-410.]
[6]	Gu YJ, Luo JX, Wu YW, Cao XJ (2009). Phenotypic diversity in natural populations of Picea balfouriana in Sichuan, China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 33, 291-301.(in Chinese with English abstract)[辜云杰, 罗建勋, 吴远伟, 曾小军 (2009). 川西云杉天然种群表型多样性. 植物生态学报,33, 291-301.]
[7]	Hamrick JL, Godt NJW (1990). Allozyme Diversity in Plant Species. Sinauer Association, Sunderland, USA. 43-63.
[8]	Jing ZH, Li H, Shao WH, Yue HF, Jiang JM (2010). Phenotypic diversity of natural populations in Diospyros glaucifolia.Bulletin of Botanical Research, 30, 325-331.(in Chinese with English abstract)[井振华, 李皓, 邵文豪, 岳华峰, 姜景民 (2010). 浙江柿天然群体表型多样性研究. 植物研究,30, 325-331.]
[9]	Jin ZX, Gu JJ, Li JM (2012). Genetic variation among populations of the endangered Sinocalycanthus chinensis based on morphological traits and ISSR profiles.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32, 3849-3858.(in Chinese with English abstract)[金则新, 顾婧婧, 李钧敏 (2012). 基于形态及分子标记的濒危植物夏蜡梅自然居群的遗传变异研究. 生态学报,32, 3849-3858.]
[10]	Ji ZF, Gao YH, Li L, Mao SX, Zhao L, Geng QY, Wang YL (2012). Phenotypic diversity of populations of Acer mono in Huoshan mountain of Shanxi at different altitude.Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 39, 2217-2228.(in Chinese with English abstract)[姬志峰, 高亚卉, 李乐, 毛思雪, 赵亮, 耿全英, 王祎玲 (2012). 山西霍山五角枫不同海拔种群的表型多样性研究. 园艺学报,39, 2217-2228.]
[11]	Kang YX, Zhao BX, Yun YJ, Chen M (2011). Study on phenotypic diversity of seeds and fruits’ characteristics in Cornus walteri. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Nature Science Edition), 39(9), 107-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)[康永祥, 赵宝鑫, 贠玉洁, 陈绵 (2011). 毛梾天然群体种实表型多样性研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),39 (9), 107-117.]
[12]	Li B, Gu WC, Lu BM (2002). A study on phenotypic diversity of seeds and cones characteristics in Pinus bungeana.Biodiversity Science, 10, 181-188.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李斌, 顾万春, 卢宝明 (2002). 白皮松天然种群种实性状表型多样性研究. 生物多样性,10, 181-188.]
[13]	Li M, Zhao Z, Yang JA, Lu B (2011). Genetic diversity analysis on germplasm of Armeniaca sibirica in different counties in Loess Plateau. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Nature Science Edition), 39(2), 143-149, 156(in Chinese with English abstract).[李明, 赵忠, 杨吉安, 卢斌 (2011). 黄土高原不同县域山杏种质遗传多样性研究. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),39(2), 143-149, 156.]
[14]	Li SF, Su JR, Liu WD, Lang XD, Zhang ZJ, Su L, Jia CXZ, Yang HJ (2013). Phenotypic variations in cones and seeds of natural Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis populations in Yunnan Province, China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 37, 998-1009.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李帅锋, 苏建荣, 刘万德, 郎学东, 张志钧, 苏磊, 贾呈鑫卓, 杨华景 (2013). 思茅松天然群体种实表型变异. 植物生态学报,37, 998-1009.]
[15]	Li YG, Liu XH, Ma JW, Shi CG, Zhu GQ (2014). Phenotypic variations in populations of Phoebe chekiangensis.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 38, 1315-1324.(in Chinese with English abstract)[李因刚, 柳新红, 马俊伟, 石从广, 朱光权 (2014). 浙江楠种群表型变异. 植物生态学报,38, 1315-1324.]
[16]	Liang YQ, Han WJ, Zhang JJ, Sun P, Liang JJ, Fu JM (2015). Phenotypic diversity of persimmon germplasms in Henan Province.Journal of China Agricultural University, 20(1), 74-85.(in Chinese with English abstract)[梁玉琴, 韩卫娟, 张嘉嘉, 孙鹏, 梁晋军, 傅建敏 (2015). 河南省柿种质资源表型多样性研究. 中国农业大学学报,20(1), 74-85.]
[17]	Liu J, Liao K, Mansur N, Zhao SR, Liu H, Jia Y (2014). Research on phenotypic diversity of apricot germplasm resources in Xinjiang.Journal of Fruit Science, 31, 1047-1056.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘娟, 廖康, 曼苏尔·那斯尔, 赵世荣, 刘欢, 贾杨 (2014). 新疆杏种质资源表型多样性研究. 果树学报,31, 1047-1056.]
[18]	Liu MP, Du HY, Fu JM, Zhu GP, Zhao H, Liu HM, Wuyun TN (2014). Reproductive ecology of Armeniaca sibirica with cold resistant in in Inner Mongolia.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 34, 1143-1151.(in Chinese with English abstract)[刘梦培, 杜红岩, 傅建敏, 朱高浦, 赵罕, 刘慧敏, 乌云塔娜 (2014). 内蒙古居群抗寒山杏繁殖生态学研究. 西北植物学报,34, 1143-1151.]
[19]	Liu MP (2015). Study on Pollination Pharacteristic and S Genotype Identification of Self-incompatibility of Kernel- apricot. PhD dissertation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing. 56-86.(in Chinese)[刘梦培 (2015). 仁用杏自交不亲和的授粉特性和S基因型鉴定研究. 博士学位论文, 中国林业科学研究院, 北京. 56-58.]
[20]	Liu N, Liu WS (2006). Descriptors and Data Standard for Apricot (Armeniaca Mill.). China Agriculture Press, Beijing.(in Chinese) [刘宁, 刘威生 (2006). 杏种质资源描述规范和数据标准. 中国农业出版社, 北京.]
[21]	Ma T, Wuyun TN, Deng WT, Kang X, Luo J (2011). Investigation on wild Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim resources of Chifeng area in Inner Mongolia.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 38(2), 45-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)[马腾, 乌云塔娜, 邓文韬, 康秀, 罗健 (2011). 内蒙古赤峰地区野生秋子梨调查研究. 广东农业科学,38(2), 45-47.]
[22]	Ma YH, Zhao Z, Li KY, Ma XH, Guo CJ, Shi QH, Zhu HL (2007). Oil content and composition of almond from different producing area.Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 23(4), 272-275.(in Chinese with English abstract)[马玉花, 赵忠, 李科友, 马希汉, 郭婵娟, 史清华, 朱海兰 (2007). 超临界CO2流体萃取杏仁油工艺研究. 农业工程学报,23(4), 272-275.]
[23]	Mou HX, Hou XC, Liu QZ (2007). Study on the phenotype diversity of woody energy plant Xanthoceras sorbifolia.Forest Research, 20, 350-355.(in Chinese with English abstract) [牟洪香, 侯新村, 刘巧哲 (2007). 木本能源植物文冠果的表型多样性研究. 林业科学研究,20, 350-355.]
[24]	Tian SP, Wang YD, Chen YC, Han XJ (2012). Phenotypic diversity of natural Litsea cubeba populations leaf and fruit traits.Chinese Journal of Ecology, 31, 1665-1672.(in Chinese with English abstract)[田胜平, 汪阳东, 陈益存, 韩小娇 (2012). 山苍子天然种群叶片和种实性状的表型多样性. 生态学杂志,31, 1665-1672.]
[25]	Wang YL, Li Y (2008). Study on phenotypic diversity of cone and seed in natural populations of Picea crassifolia in Qilian Mountain, China. Journal of Plant Ecology (Chinese Version), 32, 355-362.(in Chinese with English abstract)[王娅丽, 李毅 (2008). 祁连山青海云杉天然群体的种实性状表型多样性. 植物生态学报,32, 355-362.]
[26]	Xu JS, Wuyun TN, Wang GJ (2015). Study on morphological variation of Chinese wild Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 35(8), 64-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)[许靖诗, 乌云塔娜, 王广军 (2015). 中国野生秋子梨果实形态变异研究. 中南林业科技大学学报,35(8), 64-68.]
[27]	Yang J (1991). Infraspecific variation in plant and the exploring methods,Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research, 9, 185-195.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨继 (1991). 植物种内形态变异的机制及其研究方法. 武汉植物学研究, 9, 185-195.]
[28]	Yang WZ, Jin H, Yang MQ, Zhao ZL, Zhang ZH, Wang YZ, Zhang JY (2011). Phenotypic diversity and environment relations in Gentiana rigescens of Yunnan. Aata Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 32, 1326-1334.(in Chinese with English abstract)[杨维泽, 金航, 杨美权, 赵振玲, 张智慧, 王元忠, 张金渝 (2011). 云南滇龙胆居群表型多样性及其与环境关系研究. 西北植物学报,32, 1326-1334.]
[29]	Yu DX (1986). Flora of China. Vol. 38. Science Press, Beijing. 24-31.(in Chinese)[俞德浚 (1986). 中国植物志. 第三十八卷. 科学出版社, 北京. 24-31.]
[30]	Zeng J, Zheng HS, Gan SM, Bai JY (2005). Phenotypic variation in natural populations of Betula alnoides in Guangxi, China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 41(2), 59-65.(in Chinese with English abstract)[曾杰, 郑海水, 甘四明, 白嘉雨 (2005). 广西西南桦天然居群的表型变异. 林业科学,41(2), 59-65.]
[31]	Zhang CQ, Ji ZF, Lin LL, Zhao RH, Wang YL (2015). Phenotypic diversity of Acer mono Maxim population.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35, 5343-5352.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张翠琴, 姬志峰, 林丽丽, 赵瑞华, 王祎玲 (2015). 五角枫种群表型多样性. 生态学报,35, 5343-5352.]
[32]	Zhang JY, Zhang Z (2003). Chinese Fruit Tree, Apricot. China Forestry Publishing House,Beijing. 93-559.(in Chinese)[张加延, 张钊 (2003). 中国果树志, 杏卷. 中国林业出版社, 北京. 93-559.]
[33]	Zhang R, Wei AZ, Yang H, Yang TX, Sa WQ, Yang XN (2005). Cold resistances of the young fruits of well- performing apricot varieties with sweet almonds.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 12, 2510-2513.(in Chinese with English abstract)[张睿, 魏安智, 杨恒, 杨途熙, 撒文清, 杨向纳 (2005). 甜山杏优株幼果抗寒性研究. 西北植物学报,12, 2510-2513.]

种群 Population	种群编号 Population ID	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	年日照时间 AMSD (h)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 AP (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)
扎赉特旗 JLB	P1	46.59°	122.75°	3.2	2 800	245	430	120
科尔沁右翼前旗 HRFB	P2	46.31°	121.92°	2.1	2 900	350	420	127
科尔沁右翼中旗 HRMB	P3	45.06°	121.47°	7.2	3 000	254	300	120
扎鲁特旗 JUB	P4	44.92°	121.45°	6.6	2 883	224	380	130
科尔沁左翼后旗 HLRB	P5	43.62°	122.58°	5.8	2 889	308	452	148
阿鲁科尔沁旗 AB	P6	44.62°	120.08°	5.5	2 895	1 540	375	113
巴林右旗 BRB	P7	43.42°	119.08°	4.9	3 100	730	355	125
敖汉旗 AHB	P8	42.47°	120.45°	6.0	2 885	485	385	140
克什克腾旗 HB	P9	42.47°	117.80°	2.8	2 705	1 100	430	105
卓资县 ZZC	P10	40.87°	112.80°	5.0	2 900	1 750	403	130
和林格尔县 HC	P11	40.38°	111.82°	6.2	2 942	1 160	393	118
土默特左旗万家沟 WJG	P12	40.68°	111.15°	7.2	2 952	1 008	379	133
乌拉山 WLM	P13	40.70°	109.04°	5.6	3 205	2 083	188	129

种群 Population	种群编号 Population ID	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	年平均气温 AMAT (℃)	年日照时间 AMSD (h)	海拔 Altitude (m)	年降水量 AP (mm)	无霜期 Frost-free season (d)
扎赉特旗 JLB	P1	46.59°	122.75°	3.2	2 800	245	430	120
科尔沁右翼前旗 HRFB	P2	46.31°	121.92°	2.1	2 900	350	420	127
科尔沁右翼中旗 HRMB	P3	45.06°	121.47°	7.2	3 000	254	300	120
扎鲁特旗 JUB	P4	44.92°	121.45°	6.6	2 883	224	380	130
科尔沁左翼后旗 HLRB	P5	43.62°	122.58°	5.8	2 889	308	452	148
阿鲁科尔沁旗 AB	P6	44.62°	120.08°	5.5	2 895	1 540	375	113
巴林右旗 BRB	P7	43.42°	119.08°	4.9	3 100	730	355	125
敖汉旗 AHB	P8	42.47°	120.45°	6.0	2 885	485	385	140
克什克腾旗 HB	P9	42.47°	117.80°	2.8	2 705	1 100	430	105
卓资县 ZZC	P10	40.87°	112.80°	5.0	2 900	1 750	403	130
和林格尔县 HC	P11	40.38°	111.82°	6.2	2 942	1 160	393	118
土默特左旗万家沟 WJG	P12	40.68°	111.15°	7.2	2 952	1 008	379	133
乌拉山 WLM	P13	40.70°	109.04°	5.6	3 205	2 083	188	129

性状 Trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population
叶长 LL (mm)	2423.192	80.051	35.646	30.271^**	2.246^**
叶宽 LW (mm)	2062.260	64.959	27.330	31.747^**	2.377^**
叶柄长 PL (mm)	570.937	16.589	10.105	34.417^**	1.642^**
叶尖长 LAL (mm)	351.216	11.355	5.620	30.930^**	2.020^**
叶形指数 LSI	0.118	0.014	0.009	8.512^**	1.633^**
果纵径 FVD (mm)	110.291	4.687	2.498	23.533^**	1.876^**
果横径 FHD (mm)	126.519	3.068	1.635	41.245^**	1.877^**
果侧径 FSD (mm)	133.504	4.688	2.435	28.475^**	1.925^**
果形指数 FSI	0.057	0.009	0.004	6.575^**	2.013^**
单果质量 SFW (g)	106.972	1.444	1.196	74.088^**	1.207
核纵径 NVD (mm)	45.824	5.781	1.783	7.926^**	3.242^**
核横径 NHD (mm)	47.793	3.536	1.229	13.517^**	2.877^**
核侧径 NSD (mm)	9.934	1.153	0.392	8.615^**	2.945^**
核壳厚 ST (mm)	2.102	0.210	0.038	10.017^**	5.474^**
核形指数 NSI	0.185	0.019	0.015	9.744^**	1.255
核干质量 NDW (g)	0.614	0.038	0.018	16.132^**	2.165^**
出核率 NR	0.021	0.001	0.001	17.134^**	1.663^**
仁纵径 KVD (mm)	22.977	3.199	1.013	7.182^**	3.158^**
仁横径 KHD (mm)	32.419	2.398	0.594	13.520^**	4.035^**
仁侧径 KSD (mm)	12.430	1.190	0.419	10.444^**	2.843^**
仁形指数 KSI	0.649	0.073	0.018	8.866^**	4.007^**
仁干质量 KDW (g)	0.074	0.010	0.005	7.582^**	1.835^**
出仁率 KR	0.137	0.009	0.004	15.664^**	1.950^**

性状 Trait	均方 Mean square			F值 F value
性状 Trait	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population	随机误差 Random error	种群间 Among populations	种群内 Within population
叶长 LL (mm)	2423.192	80.051	35.646	30.271^**	2.246^**
叶宽 LW (mm)	2062.260	64.959	27.330	31.747^**	2.377^**
叶柄长 PL (mm)	570.937	16.589	10.105	34.417^**	1.642^**
叶尖长 LAL (mm)	351.216	11.355	5.620	30.930^**	2.020^**
叶形指数 LSI	0.118	0.014	0.009	8.512^**	1.633^**
果纵径 FVD (mm)	110.291	4.687	2.498	23.533^**	1.876^**
果横径 FHD (mm)	126.519	3.068	1.635	41.245^**	1.877^**
果侧径 FSD (mm)	133.504	4.688	2.435	28.475^**	1.925^**
果形指数 FSI	0.057	0.009	0.004	6.575^**	2.013^**
单果质量 SFW (g)	106.972	1.444	1.196	74.088^**	1.207
核纵径 NVD (mm)	45.824	5.781	1.783	7.926^**	3.242^**
核横径 NHD (mm)	47.793	3.536	1.229	13.517^**	2.877^**
核侧径 NSD (mm)	9.934	1.153	0.392	8.615^**	2.945^**
核壳厚 ST (mm)	2.102	0.210	0.038	10.017^**	5.474^**
核形指数 NSI	0.185	0.019	0.015	9.744^**	1.255
核干质量 NDW (g)	0.614	0.038	0.018	16.132^**	2.165^**
出核率 NR	0.021	0.001	0.001	17.134^**	1.663^**
仁纵径 KVD (mm)	22.977	3.199	1.013	7.182^**	3.158^**
仁横径 KHD (mm)	32.419	2.398	0.594	13.520^**	4.035^**
仁侧径 KSD (mm)	12.430	1.190	0.419	10.444^**	2.843^**
仁形指数 KSI	0.649	0.073	0.018	8.866^**	4.007^**
仁干质量 KDW (g)	0.074	0.010	0.005	7.582^**	1.835^**
出仁率 KR	0.137	0.009	0.004	15.664^**	1.950^**

性状 Trait	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)	年平均气温 AMAT	年日照时间 AMSD	海拔 Altitude	年降水量 AP	无霜期 Frost-free season
LL	0.285^*	0.449	-0.392	-0.639^*	-0.474	0.675^*	-0.177
LW	0.382	0.498	-0.406	-0.616^*	-0.577^*	0.652^*	-0.171
PL	0.287	0.409	-0.400	-0.630^*	-0.484	0.689^**	-0.267
LAL	0.397	0.578^*	-0.361	-0.589^*	-0.426	0.564^*	-0.013
LSI	-0.592	-0.571^*	0.241	0.445	0.793^**	-0.501	0.115
FVD	-0.405	-0.424	-0.095	-0.011	0.213	0.058	-0.299
FHD	-0.245	-0.229	-0.132	-0.159	0.021	0.216	-0.324
FSD	-0.184	-0.175	-0.344	-0.308	0.014	0.324	-0.372
FSI	-0.719^**	-0.770^**	0.412	0.472	0.769^**	-0.583^*	0.181
SFW	-0.332	-0.295	-0.006	-0.147	0.059	0.208	-0.177
NVD	-0.549	-0.624^*	-0.215	0.165	0.281	-0.136	-0.129
NHD	-0.151	-0.198	-0.428	-0.239	-0.085	0.161	-0.186
NSD	-0.137	-0.184	-0.404	0.088	-0.044	-0.191	-0.166
ST	-0.353	-0.519	-0.178	0.326	0.434	-0.461	-0.247
NSI	-0.146	-0.136	0.097	0.375	0.290	-0.303	0.002
NDW	-0.310	-0.443	-0.363	0.140	0.208	-0.106	-0.250
NR	0.029	-0.091	-0.044	0.568^*	0.199	-0.506	0.027
KVD	-0.145	-0.262	-0.568^*	-0.115	0.020	0.052	-0.189
KHD	0.244	0.257	-0.490	-0.430	-0.417	0.278	-0.125
KSD	0.506	0.566^*	-0.360	-0.304	-0.656^*	0.178	0.201
KSI	-0.394	-0.222	0.235	0.224	0.181	-0.209	0.336
KDW	0.049	0.060	-0.325	-0.262	-0.150	0.461	-0.156
KR	0.316	0.412	0.204	-0.234	-0.274	0.415	0.194
总计 Total	7.157	8.372	6.700	7.486	7.069	7.927	4.304