Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2014, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 675-686.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00063
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PENG Zi1, GU Cheng-Yan1, LIU Zhi-Yong2, LIN Wen3, ZHOU Ping1,*()
Received:
2013-12-16
Accepted:
2014-02-26
Online:
2014-12-16
Published:
2014-07-10
Contact:
ZHOU Ping
PENG Zi, GU Cheng-Yan, LIU Zhi-Yong, LIN Wen, ZHOU Ping. Impact of land use change during 1989-2009 on eco-capacity in Dongjiang watershed[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(7): 675-686.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00063
分类精度 Classification accuracy | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
精度 Accuracy (%) | 90.59 | 85.19 | 87.64 | 87.85 | 87.63 |
Kappa系数 Kappa coefficient | 0.874 6 | 0.821 0 | 0.864 6 | 0.848 4 | 0.853 4 |
Table 1 Classification accuracy of Landsat TM images for 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009
分类精度 Classification accuracy | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | 2009 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
精度 Accuracy (%) | 90.59 | 85.19 | 87.64 | 87.85 | 87.63 |
Kappa系数 Kappa coefficient | 0.874 6 | 0.821 0 | 0.864 6 | 0.848 4 | 0.853 4 |
Fig. 2 Patterns of land use types by area in Dongjiang River watershed in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009. AL, arable land; F, forest; G, garden; P, pasture; UL, unused land; U, urban; WA, water area.
Fig. 3 Patterns of land use types by area in the upper, middle and lower reaches in Dongjiang River watershed. AL, arable land; F, forest; G, garden; P, pasture; UL, unused land; U, urban; WA, water area.
时间区间 Time interval | 统计类型 Statistic type | AL | G | P | F | U | WA | UL | LC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东江流域 Dongjiang River watershed | 1989-1994 | KT | -46.30% | -8.44% | 33.85% | 10.64% | 21.79% | 10.69% | -4.90% | 0.018 1 |
K | -0.093 0 | -0.017 0 | 0.068 0 | 0.021 0 | 0.044 0 | 0.021 0 | -0.010 0 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | -6.36% | -9.64% | 21.45% | 1.49% | 13.97% | 10.08% | -45.92% | 0.008 4 | |
K | -0.013 0 | -0.019 0 | 0.043 0 | 0.003 0 | 0.028 0 | 0.020 0 | -0.092 0 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | 25.58% | -1.00% | -57.46% | 9.78% | 10.93% | 10.57% | -30.69% | 0.016 5 | |
K | 0.051 0 | -0.002 0 | -0.115 0 | 0.020 0 | 0.022 0 | 0.021 0 | -0.061 0 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | 9.96% | -5.93% | -45.07% | 3.51% | 12.76% | -29.42% | -0.44% | 0.008 2 | |
K | 0.020 0 | -0.012 0 | -0.090 0 | 0.007 0 | 0.026 0 | -0.059 0 | -0.001 0 | |||
上游 Upper reach | 1989-1994 | KT | 36.90% | -55.20% | 102.53% | 22.30% | -72.95% | -31.89% | -55.57% | 0.041 0 |
K | 0.073 8 | -0.110 4 | 0.205 1 | 0.044 6 | -0.145 9 | -0.063 8 | -0.111 1 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | -23.67% | 119.30% | -82.96% | 0.11% | 61.15% | 13.51% | 12.91% | 0.025 4 | |
K | -0.047 3 | 0.238 6 | -0.165 9 | 0.000 2 | 0.122 3 | 0.027 0 | 0.025 8 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | 5.67% | -9.91% | 118.94% | -2.36% | 50.19% | 7.96% | -40.41% | 0.009 3 | |
K | 0.011 3 | -0.019 8 | 0.237 9 | -0.004 7 | 0.100 4 | 0.015 9 | -0.080 8 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | 91.01% | -47.39% | -70.35% | 3.79% | 43.10% | -24.59% | -29.05% | 0.024 9 | |
K | 0.182 0 | -0.094 8 | -0.140 7 | 0.007 6 | 0.086 2 | -0.049 2 | -0.058 1 | |||
中游 Middle reach | 1989-1994 | KT | -55.57% | 6.63% | 34.12% | 11.09% | 10.23% | 19.08% | -7.18% | 0.019 9 |
K | -0.111 1 | 0.013 3 | 0.068 2 | 0.022 2 | 0.020 5 | 0.038 2 | -0.014 4 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | -9.96% | -22.62% | 57.97% | 0.50% | 7.48% | 7.98% | -57.19% | 0.014 3 | |
K | -0.019 9 | -0.045 2 | 0.115 9 | 0.001 0 | 0.015 0 | 0.016 0 | -0.114 4 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | 44.61% | -4.77% | -69.96% | 15.94% | 32.41% | -6.22% | -16.28% | 0.026 3 | |
K | 0.089 2 | -0.009 5 | -0.139 9 | 0.031 9 | 0.064 8 | -0.012 4 | -0.032 6 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | -14.45% | 17.27% | -34.04% | 3.02% | -0.65% | -18.53% | -13.77% | 0.008 0 | |
K | -0.028 9 | 0.034 5 | -0.068 1 | 0.006 0 | -0.001 3 | -0.037 1 | -0.027 5 | |||
下游 Lower reach | 1989-1994 | KT | -76.64% | 65.76% | -70.62% | -52.75% | 352.54% | 7.11% | 351.88% | 0.092 9 |
K | -0.153 3 | 0.131 5 | -0.141 2 | -0.105 5 | 0.705 1 | 0.014 2 | 0.703 8 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | 98.62% | -82.62% | 357.60% | 43.64% | 11.58% | 21.50% | -57.08% | 0.059 3 | |
K | 0.197 2 | -0.165 2 | 0.715 2 | 0.087 3 | 0.023 2 | 0.043 0 | -0.114 2 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | -0.86% | 174.44% | -37.46% | 16.31% | -18.59% | 110.67% | -48.29% | 0.030 8 | |
K | -0.001 7 | 0.348 9 | -0.074 9 | 0.032 6 | -0.037 2 | 0.221 3 | -0.096 6 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | -27.29% | 17.40% | -48.25% | 9.69% | 17.85% | -59.44% | 106.12% | 0.025 5 | |
K | -0.054 6 | 0.034 8 | -0.096 5 | 0.019 4 | 0.035 7 | -0.118 9 | 0.212 2 |
Table 2 Variations in land use types in Dongjiang River watershed during different periods between 1989-2009
时间区间 Time interval | 统计类型 Statistic type | AL | G | P | F | U | WA | UL | LC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东江流域 Dongjiang River watershed | 1989-1994 | KT | -46.30% | -8.44% | 33.85% | 10.64% | 21.79% | 10.69% | -4.90% | 0.018 1 |
K | -0.093 0 | -0.017 0 | 0.068 0 | 0.021 0 | 0.044 0 | 0.021 0 | -0.010 0 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | -6.36% | -9.64% | 21.45% | 1.49% | 13.97% | 10.08% | -45.92% | 0.008 4 | |
K | -0.013 0 | -0.019 0 | 0.043 0 | 0.003 0 | 0.028 0 | 0.020 0 | -0.092 0 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | 25.58% | -1.00% | -57.46% | 9.78% | 10.93% | 10.57% | -30.69% | 0.016 5 | |
K | 0.051 0 | -0.002 0 | -0.115 0 | 0.020 0 | 0.022 0 | 0.021 0 | -0.061 0 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | 9.96% | -5.93% | -45.07% | 3.51% | 12.76% | -29.42% | -0.44% | 0.008 2 | |
K | 0.020 0 | -0.012 0 | -0.090 0 | 0.007 0 | 0.026 0 | -0.059 0 | -0.001 0 | |||
上游 Upper reach | 1989-1994 | KT | 36.90% | -55.20% | 102.53% | 22.30% | -72.95% | -31.89% | -55.57% | 0.041 0 |
K | 0.073 8 | -0.110 4 | 0.205 1 | 0.044 6 | -0.145 9 | -0.063 8 | -0.111 1 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | -23.67% | 119.30% | -82.96% | 0.11% | 61.15% | 13.51% | 12.91% | 0.025 4 | |
K | -0.047 3 | 0.238 6 | -0.165 9 | 0.000 2 | 0.122 3 | 0.027 0 | 0.025 8 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | 5.67% | -9.91% | 118.94% | -2.36% | 50.19% | 7.96% | -40.41% | 0.009 3 | |
K | 0.011 3 | -0.019 8 | 0.237 9 | -0.004 7 | 0.100 4 | 0.015 9 | -0.080 8 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | 91.01% | -47.39% | -70.35% | 3.79% | 43.10% | -24.59% | -29.05% | 0.024 9 | |
K | 0.182 0 | -0.094 8 | -0.140 7 | 0.007 6 | 0.086 2 | -0.049 2 | -0.058 1 | |||
中游 Middle reach | 1989-1994 | KT | -55.57% | 6.63% | 34.12% | 11.09% | 10.23% | 19.08% | -7.18% | 0.019 9 |
K | -0.111 1 | 0.013 3 | 0.068 2 | 0.022 2 | 0.020 5 | 0.038 2 | -0.014 4 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | -9.96% | -22.62% | 57.97% | 0.50% | 7.48% | 7.98% | -57.19% | 0.014 3 | |
K | -0.019 9 | -0.045 2 | 0.115 9 | 0.001 0 | 0.015 0 | 0.016 0 | -0.114 4 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | 44.61% | -4.77% | -69.96% | 15.94% | 32.41% | -6.22% | -16.28% | 0.026 3 | |
K | 0.089 2 | -0.009 5 | -0.139 9 | 0.031 9 | 0.064 8 | -0.012 4 | -0.032 6 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | -14.45% | 17.27% | -34.04% | 3.02% | -0.65% | -18.53% | -13.77% | 0.008 0 | |
K | -0.028 9 | 0.034 5 | -0.068 1 | 0.006 0 | -0.001 3 | -0.037 1 | -0.027 5 | |||
下游 Lower reach | 1989-1994 | KT | -76.64% | 65.76% | -70.62% | -52.75% | 352.54% | 7.11% | 351.88% | 0.092 9 |
K | -0.153 3 | 0.131 5 | -0.141 2 | -0.105 5 | 0.705 1 | 0.014 2 | 0.703 8 | |||
1994-1999 | KT | 98.62% | -82.62% | 357.60% | 43.64% | 11.58% | 21.50% | -57.08% | 0.059 3 | |
K | 0.197 2 | -0.165 2 | 0.715 2 | 0.087 3 | 0.023 2 | 0.043 0 | -0.114 2 | |||
1999-2004 | KT | -0.86% | 174.44% | -37.46% | 16.31% | -18.59% | 110.67% | -48.29% | 0.030 8 | |
K | -0.001 7 | 0.348 9 | -0.074 9 | 0.032 6 | -0.037 2 | 0.221 3 | -0.096 6 | |||
2004-2009 | KT | -27.29% | 17.40% | -48.25% | 9.69% | 17.85% | -59.44% | 106.12% | 0.025 5 | |
K | -0.054 6 | 0.034 8 | -0.096 5 | 0.019 4 | 0.035 7 | -0.118 9 | 0.212 2 |
AL | G | P | F | U | WA | UL | 小计 Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上游 Upper reach | AL | 207.49 | 134.02 | 17.21 | 168.75 | 58.08 | 4.20 | 17.40 | 607.16 |
G | 294.10 | 125.57 | 15.47 | 998.51 | 104.85 | 4.59 | 13.61 | 1 556.69 | |
P | 84.05 | 102.99 | 16.49 | 225.74 | 15.50 | 0.56 | 12.96 | 458.28 | |
F | 372.89 | 135.66 | 29.84 | 3 072.97 | 238.97 | 9.25 | 31.75 | 3 891.33 | |
U | 180.33 | 91.89 | 8.06 | 192.44 | 99.41 | 6.09 | 5.47 | 583.70 | |
WA | 5.36 | 2.91 | 0.50 | 29.37 | 14.06 | 21.96 | 0.81 | 74.98 | |
UL | 136.25 | 131.84 | 15.07 | 140.28 | 15.91 | 0.54 | 14.32 | 454.21 | |
小计 Total | 1 280.47 | 724.87 | 102.65 | 4 828.07 | 546.79 | 47.19 | 96.32 | 7 626.35 | |
变化 Change | 1 072.98 | 599.30 | 86.15 | 1 755.09 | 447.37 | 25.24 | 82.00 | - | |
中游 Middle reach | AL | 308.22 | 397.65 | 53.55 | 308.30 | 189.21 | 8.26 | 26.11 | 1 291.28 |
G | 191.53 | 447.56 | 182.98 | 1 892.57 | 125.58 | 7.24 | 25.21 | 2 872.68 | |
P | 202.14 | 517.98 | 108.58 | 874.83 | 94.80 | 4.68 | 23.91 | 1 826.92 | |
F | 409.70 | 704.81 | 120.10 | 7 151.98 | 290.04 | 9.81 | 80.21 | 8 766.65 | |
U | 144.92 | 129.98 | 31.27 | 173.75 | 288.62 | 31.96 | 21.51 | 822.01 | |
WA | 23.01 | 13.20 | 2.52 | 23.01 | 80.53 | 331.96 | 13.80 | 488.03 | |
UL | 158.65 | 271.34 | 80.20 | 98.69 | 93.67 | 8.69 | 38.83 | 750.07 | |
小计 Total | 1 438.17 | 2 482.52 | 579.20 | 10 523.12 | 1 162.45 | 402.60 | 229.57 | 16 817.64 | |
变化 Change | 1 129.95 | 2 034.95 | 470.62 | 3 371.14 | 873.83 | 70.64 | 190.74 | - | |
下游 Lower reach | AL | 113.25 | 117.60 | 23.19 | 66.64 | 359.12 | 17.11 | 61.69 | 758.60 |
G | 37.71 | 62.99 | 22.31 | 137.86 | 148.99 | 6.16 | 22.40 | 438.41 | |
P | 35.23 | 76.30 | 24.06 | 61.98 | 86.89 | 4.69 | 18.90 | 308.05 | |
F | 51.58 | 122.70 | 29.96 | 382.76 | 152.98 | 6.01 | 27.91 | 773.90 | |
U | 13.07 | 8.97 | 3.70 | 9.86 | 143.56 | 7.49 | 7.77 | 194.41 | |
WA | 2.02 | 1.82 | 0.98 | 4.08 | 24.40 | 34.91 | 1.56 | 69.76 | |
UL | 9.13 | 16.68 | 5.21 | 6.99 | 25.98 | 1.21 | 5.08 | 70.29 | |
小计 Total | 261.98 | 407.06 | 109.4 | 670.17 | 941.91 | 77.58 | 145.31 | 2 613.42 | |
变化 Change | 148.73 | 344.08 | 85.34 | 287.41 | 798.36 | 42.67 | 140.23 | - |
Table 3 Transition matrix of land use in the upper, middle and lower reaches in Dongjiang River watershed from 1989 to 2009 (unit: km2)
AL | G | P | F | U | WA | UL | 小计 Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
上游 Upper reach | AL | 207.49 | 134.02 | 17.21 | 168.75 | 58.08 | 4.20 | 17.40 | 607.16 |
G | 294.10 | 125.57 | 15.47 | 998.51 | 104.85 | 4.59 | 13.61 | 1 556.69 | |
P | 84.05 | 102.99 | 16.49 | 225.74 | 15.50 | 0.56 | 12.96 | 458.28 | |
F | 372.89 | 135.66 | 29.84 | 3 072.97 | 238.97 | 9.25 | 31.75 | 3 891.33 | |
U | 180.33 | 91.89 | 8.06 | 192.44 | 99.41 | 6.09 | 5.47 | 583.70 | |
WA | 5.36 | 2.91 | 0.50 | 29.37 | 14.06 | 21.96 | 0.81 | 74.98 | |
UL | 136.25 | 131.84 | 15.07 | 140.28 | 15.91 | 0.54 | 14.32 | 454.21 | |
小计 Total | 1 280.47 | 724.87 | 102.65 | 4 828.07 | 546.79 | 47.19 | 96.32 | 7 626.35 | |
变化 Change | 1 072.98 | 599.30 | 86.15 | 1 755.09 | 447.37 | 25.24 | 82.00 | - | |
中游 Middle reach | AL | 308.22 | 397.65 | 53.55 | 308.30 | 189.21 | 8.26 | 26.11 | 1 291.28 |
G | 191.53 | 447.56 | 182.98 | 1 892.57 | 125.58 | 7.24 | 25.21 | 2 872.68 | |
P | 202.14 | 517.98 | 108.58 | 874.83 | 94.80 | 4.68 | 23.91 | 1 826.92 | |
F | 409.70 | 704.81 | 120.10 | 7 151.98 | 290.04 | 9.81 | 80.21 | 8 766.65 | |
U | 144.92 | 129.98 | 31.27 | 173.75 | 288.62 | 31.96 | 21.51 | 822.01 | |
WA | 23.01 | 13.20 | 2.52 | 23.01 | 80.53 | 331.96 | 13.80 | 488.03 | |
UL | 158.65 | 271.34 | 80.20 | 98.69 | 93.67 | 8.69 | 38.83 | 750.07 | |
小计 Total | 1 438.17 | 2 482.52 | 579.20 | 10 523.12 | 1 162.45 | 402.60 | 229.57 | 16 817.64 | |
变化 Change | 1 129.95 | 2 034.95 | 470.62 | 3 371.14 | 873.83 | 70.64 | 190.74 | - | |
下游 Lower reach | AL | 113.25 | 117.60 | 23.19 | 66.64 | 359.12 | 17.11 | 61.69 | 758.60 |
G | 37.71 | 62.99 | 22.31 | 137.86 | 148.99 | 6.16 | 22.40 | 438.41 | |
P | 35.23 | 76.30 | 24.06 | 61.98 | 86.89 | 4.69 | 18.90 | 308.05 | |
F | 51.58 | 122.70 | 29.96 | 382.76 | 152.98 | 6.01 | 27.91 | 773.90 | |
U | 13.07 | 8.97 | 3.70 | 9.86 | 143.56 | 7.49 | 7.77 | 194.41 | |
WA | 2.02 | 1.82 | 0.98 | 4.08 | 24.40 | 34.91 | 1.56 | 69.76 | |
UL | 9.13 | 16.68 | 5.21 | 6.99 | 25.98 | 1.21 | 5.08 | 70.29 | |
小计 Total | 261.98 | 407.06 | 109.4 | 670.17 | 941.91 | 77.58 | 145.31 | 2 613.42 | |
变化 Change | 148.73 | 344.08 | 85.34 | 287.41 | 798.36 | 42.67 | 140.23 | - |
区域 Region | 年份 Year | ec | EC | ec | EC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
变化量 Magnitude of change (hm2·person-1) | 变化率 Rate of change (%) | 变化量 Magnitude of change (hm2) | 变化率 Rate of change (%) | |||||
东江流域 Dongjiang River watershed | 1989 | 0.854 2 | 4 329 682 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.683 0 | 3 853 844 | -0.171 3 | -0.200 5 | -475 838 | -0.109 9 | ||
1999 | 0.622 0 | 3 871 333 | -0.061 0 | -0.089 3 | 17 489 | 0.004 5 | ||
2004 | 0.644 7 | 4 307 321 | 0.022 7 | 0.036 5 | 435 988 | 0.112 6 | ||
2009 | 0.593 4 | 4 539 629 | -0.051 2 | -0.079 5 | 232 309 | 0.053 9 | ||
上游 Upper reach | 1989 | 0.827 5 | 1 128 088 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.728 9 | 1 056 882 | -0.098 6 | -0.119 2 | -71 205 | -0.063 1 | ||
1999 | 0.724 2 | 1 119 064 | -0.004 6 | -0.006 4 | 62 181 | 0.058 8 | ||
2004 | 0.699 2 | 1 146 417 | -0.025 0 | -0.034 6 | 27 353 | 0.024 4 | ||
2009 | 0.792 8 | 1 365 117 | 0.093 6 | 0.133 9 | 218 700 | 0.190 8 | ||
中游 Middle reach | 1989 | 0.860 8 | 2 692 816 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.671 8 | 2 271 964 | -0.189 0 | -0.219 6 | -420 852 | -0.156 3 | ||
1999 | 0.598 0 | 2 178 598 | -0.073 8 | -0.109 8 | -93 366 | -0.041 1 | ||
2004 | 0.672 3 | 2 614 415 | 0.074 3 | 0.124 3 | 435 817 | 0.200 0 | ||
2009 | 0.579 8 | 2 601 633 | -0.092 4 | -0.137 5 | -12 782 | -0.004 9 | ||
下游 Lower reach | 1989 | 0.949 0 | 508 789 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.783 3 | 525 013 | -0.165 7 | -0.174 6 | 16 223 | 0.031 9 | ||
1999 | 0.715 7 | 573 722 | -0.067 7 | -0.086 4 | 48 709 | 0.092 8 | ||
2004 | 0.620 2 | 546 535 | -0.095 0 | -0.133 3 | -27 187 | -0.047 4 | ||
2009 | 0.508 5 | 572 860 | -0.111 8 | -0.180 1 | 26 325 | 0.048 2 |
Table 4 Changes in total and per capita eco-capacity in Dongjiang River watershed from 1989 to 2009 (unit: hm2)
区域 Region | 年份 Year | ec | EC | ec | EC | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
变化量 Magnitude of change (hm2·person-1) | 变化率 Rate of change (%) | 变化量 Magnitude of change (hm2) | 变化率 Rate of change (%) | |||||
东江流域 Dongjiang River watershed | 1989 | 0.854 2 | 4 329 682 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.683 0 | 3 853 844 | -0.171 3 | -0.200 5 | -475 838 | -0.109 9 | ||
1999 | 0.622 0 | 3 871 333 | -0.061 0 | -0.089 3 | 17 489 | 0.004 5 | ||
2004 | 0.644 7 | 4 307 321 | 0.022 7 | 0.036 5 | 435 988 | 0.112 6 | ||
2009 | 0.593 4 | 4 539 629 | -0.051 2 | -0.079 5 | 232 309 | 0.053 9 | ||
上游 Upper reach | 1989 | 0.827 5 | 1 128 088 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.728 9 | 1 056 882 | -0.098 6 | -0.119 2 | -71 205 | -0.063 1 | ||
1999 | 0.724 2 | 1 119 064 | -0.004 6 | -0.006 4 | 62 181 | 0.058 8 | ||
2004 | 0.699 2 | 1 146 417 | -0.025 0 | -0.034 6 | 27 353 | 0.024 4 | ||
2009 | 0.792 8 | 1 365 117 | 0.093 6 | 0.133 9 | 218 700 | 0.190 8 | ||
中游 Middle reach | 1989 | 0.860 8 | 2 692 816 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.671 8 | 2 271 964 | -0.189 0 | -0.219 6 | -420 852 | -0.156 3 | ||
1999 | 0.598 0 | 2 178 598 | -0.073 8 | -0.109 8 | -93 366 | -0.041 1 | ||
2004 | 0.672 3 | 2 614 415 | 0.074 3 | 0.124 3 | 435 817 | 0.200 0 | ||
2009 | 0.579 8 | 2 601 633 | -0.092 4 | -0.137 5 | -12 782 | -0.004 9 | ||
下游 Lower reach | 1989 | 0.949 0 | 508 789 | - | ||||
1994 | 0.783 3 | 525 013 | -0.165 7 | -0.174 6 | 16 223 | 0.031 9 | ||
1999 | 0.715 7 | 573 722 | -0.067 7 | -0.086 4 | 48 709 | 0.092 8 | ||
2004 | 0.620 2 | 546 535 | -0.095 0 | -0.133 3 | -27 187 | -0.047 4 | ||
2009 | 0.508 5 | 572 860 | -0.111 8 | -0.180 1 | 26 325 | 0.048 2 |
Fig. 4 Rate of change in land use types, per capita eco-capacity, and total eco-capacity in Dongjiang River watershed. AL, arable land; F, forest; G, garden; P, pasture; U, urban; UL, unused land; WA, water area.
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