Effects of greenbelt width on air temperature and humidity in urban river corridors

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00004

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Our purpose is to provide a scientific basis for the construction of urban river corridors. We analyzed the effects of different widths of urban river greenbelts on air temperature and humidity.
Methods We studied eight greenbelts with different widths along the fifth ring in Beijing, China during one year. We measured air temperature and relative humidity of the greenbelts near the river and at a control location every two hours from 8:00 to 18:00 for seven continuous days in each season.
Important findings The greenbelt width affected the decrease of temperature and increase of humidity in spring, summer and autumn, and the effect increased with greater width. The effect was strongest on temperature and humidity in summer, and there was little difference between spring and autumn. The greenbelt affects the increase of temperature and decrease of humidity in summer. The temperature effect increased and the humidity effect decreased with greater width. The effects of different greenbelt widths on temperature and humidity were related to ambient temperature. It is greatest during the time that temperature was highest (14:00-16:00). The effect of greenbelt width on the decrease of temperature and increase of humidity was strongest in spring, summer and autumn, while the effect on the increase of temperature was weakest and decrease of humidity was strongest in winter.

Key words: four seasons, relative humidity, river corridor, temperature, width

JI Peng, ZHU Chun-Yang, LI Shu-Hua. Effects of greenbelt width on air temperature and humidity in urban river corridors[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(1): 37-44.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00004

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2013/V37/I1/37

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1 Basic information of eight sampling plots

样地编号 Number of plot	样地宽度 Width of plot (m)	样地植物构成 Plant constitution of plot	种植密度 Planting density (plants·m^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density (%)
1	8	槐、连翘 Sophora japonica and Forsythia suspensa	0.087	50-60
2	15	槐、圆柏、迎春花 Sophora japonica, Sabina chinensis and Jasminum nudiflorum	0.045	50-60
3	24	槐、圆柏、连翘 Sophora japonica, Sabina chinensis and Forsythia suspensa	0.044	50-60
4	35	油松、刺柏、绦柳、木槿 Pinus tabulaeformis, Juniperus formosana, Salix matsudana ‘Pendula’ and Hibiscus syriacus	0.045	50-60
5	45	油松、槐、金银忍冬 Pinus tabulaeformis, Sophora japonica and Lonicera maackii	0.045	50-60
6	53	绦柳、油松、槐、连翘 Salix matsudana ‘Pendula’, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sophora japonica and Forsythia suspensa	0.044	50-60
7	64	槐、白蜡树、玉兰、锦带花 Sophora japonica, Fraxinus chinensis, Magnolia denudata and Weigela florida	0.045	50-60
8	77	银杏、油松、槐、华北珍珠梅 Ginkgo biloba, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sophora japonica and Sorbaria kirilowii	0.045	50-60

Fig. 1 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 8:00-10:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 2 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 10:00-12:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 3 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 12:00-14:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 4 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 14:00-16:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 5 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control during 14:00-16:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 6 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 8:00-10:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 7 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 10:00-12:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 8 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 12:00-14:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 9 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 14:00-16:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 10 Comparison of differentials of average air relative humidity between greenbelts and control during 16:00-18:00 within four seasons.

Fig. 11 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control in three days in four seasons.

Fig. 12 Comparison of differentials of average air temperature between greenbelts and control in three days in four seasons.

Table 2 Multiple comparison of season main effect about air temperature

样地编号 No. of plot	样本数 Sample number	气温 Air temperature (℃)
1	12	-0.262 5^c
2	12	-0.368 3^c
3	12	-0.463 3^c
4	12	-0.574 2^bc
5	12	-0.920 0^ab
6	12	-0.979 2^a
7	12	-1.050 0^a
8	12	-1.120 0^a

Table 3 Multiple comparison of greenbelt width main effect about air temperature

季节 Season	样本数 Sample number	气温 Air temperature ( ℃)
夏季 Summer	24	-1.297 1^a
春季 Spring	24	-1.003 3^b
秋季 Autumn	24	-0.920 0^b
冬季 Winter	24	0.351 7^c

Table 4 Multiple comparison of season main effect about relative humidity

样地编号 No. of plot	样本数 Sample number	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
1	12	1.686 7^a
2	12	2.123 3^ab
3	12	2.260 0^ab
4	12	2.843 3^b
5	12	4.100 0^c
6	12	4.383 3^c
7	12	4.466 7^c
8	12	4.725 0^c

Table 5 Multiple comparison of greenbelt width main effect about relative humidity

季节 Season	样本数 Sample number	相对湿度 Relative humidity (%)
冬季 Winter	24	1.190 8^a
春季 Spring	24	3.460 8^b
秋季 Autumn	24	4.020 8^bc
夏季 Summer	24	4.621 7^c

References 18

[1]	Apan AA, Raine SR, Paterson MS (2002). Mapping and analysis of changes in the riparian landscape structure of the Lockyer Valley catchment Queensland, Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 59, 43-57.
[2]	Campion GB, Venzke JF (2011). Spatial patterns and determinants of wetland vegetation distribution in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 19, 423-431.
[3]	Ehrenfeld JG (2004). The expression of multiple functions in urban forested wetlands. Wetlands, 24, 719-733.
[4]	Huang YQ, Zhang ZF, He CX, Zhao P, Yuan WY, Jiao JF, You YM (2009). Seasonal variation of Cyclobalanopsis glauca whole tree transpiration in karst region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 256-264. (in Chinese with English abstract) URL PMID
	[ 黄玉清, 张中峰, 何成新, 赵平, 袁维园, 焦继飞, 尤业明 (2009). 岩溶区青冈栎整树蒸腾的季节变化. 应用生态学报, 20, 256-264.] PMID
[5]	Lin YD, Han XM, Wu XG, Hao XY, Wang J, Liang F, Liang J, Wang ZH (2006). Ecological field characteristic of green land based on urban green space structure. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26, 3339-3346. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 蔺银鼎, 韩学孟, 武小刚, 郝兴宇, 王娟, 梁锋, 梁娟, 王志红 (2006). 城市绿地空间结构对绿地生态场的影响. 生态学报, 26, 3339-3346.]
[6]	Michael AM, Virginia LJ, Scott HE (2009). Comparative impacts of stormwater runoff on water quality of an urban, a suburban, and a rural stream. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 159, 475-491. DOI URL PMID
[7]	Peterson-Smith J, Wardrop DH, Cole CA, Cirom CP, Brooks RP (2009). Hydrogeomorphology, environment, and vegetation associations across a latitudinal gradient in highland wetlands of the northeastern USA. Plant Ecology, 203, 155-172.
[8]	Wang H (1991). A numerical study of the effects of the inland water body on climate. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 22, 467-473. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王浩 (1991). 陆地水体对气候影响的数值研究. 海洋与湖沼, 22, 467-473.]
[9]	Wang MB, Li HJ, Chai BF, Feng CP (1999). A comparison of transpiration, photosynthesis and transpiration efficiency in four tree species in the Loess region. Acta Phytoec-ologica Sinca, 23, 401-410. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 王孟本, 李洪建, 柴宝峰, 冯彩平 (1999). 树种蒸腾作用、光合作用和蒸腾效率的比较研究. 植物生态学报, 23, 401-410.]
[10]	Wu JG (2000). Landscape Ecology―Pattern,Process, Scale and Hierarchy. Higher Education Pres, Beijing. 30-31. (in Chinese)
	[ 邬建国 (2000). 景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级. 高等教育出版社, 北京. 30-31.]
[11]	Yang SH (2003). Urban Ecological Environment. Science Press, Beijing. 103-111. (in Chinese)
	[ 杨士弘 (2003). 城市生态环境学. 科学出版社, 北京, 103-111.]
[12]	Yang WQ, Kou JC, Hang MY (2011). Effects of the orchard planted grasses on the 1-year-old apple photosynthesis characteristics. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 19, 20-25. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 杨文权, 寇建村, 韩明玉 (2011). 行间种植白三叶对桃树光合生理特性的影响. 草地学报, 19, 20-25.]
[13]	Zhang CX, Yang J, Yuan J, Liu X, Song BY (2009). Transpiration characteristics of individual shrubs of Caragana intermedia in Mu Us sandy land of north-central China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 33, 719-727. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 臧春鑫, 杨劼, 袁劼, 刘鑫, 宋炳煜 (2009). 毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿整株丛的蒸腾特征. 植物生态学报, 33, 719-727.]
[14]	Zhang WJ, Zhang ZQ, Li ZD, Zhang XF, Dong KY, Chen LX, Wang GY (2009). Transpiration of four tree species under an urban environment. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29, 5942-5952. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 张文娟, 张志强, 李湛东, 张晓放, 董克宇, 陈立欣, 王国玉 (2009). 城市森林建设四种乔木树种蒸腾耗水特征. 生态学报, 29, 5942-5952.]
[15]	Zhao H, Yang QG, Deng ZY (2007). Effects of plant regulator Z-S on senescence of high-yield upland rice after anthesis. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 25(1), 125-129. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 赵鸿, 杨启国, 邓振镛(2007). 半干旱雨养区小麦光合作用、蒸腾作用及水分利用效率特征. 干旱地区农业研究, 25(1), 125-129.]
[16]	Zhu CY, Li SH, Ji P (2011). Relationships between urban green belt structure and temperature—humidity effect. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 1255-1260. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 朱春阳, 李树华, 纪鹏 (2011). 城市带状绿地结构类型与温湿效益间的关系. 应用生态学报, 22, 1255-1260.]
[17]	Zhu Q (2005). The width of ecological corridor in landscape planning. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 2406-2412. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[ 朱强 (2005). 景观规划中的生态廊道宽度. 生态学报, 25, 2406-2412.]
[18]	Zweig CL, Kitchens WM (2008). Effects of landscape gradients on wetland vegetation communities: information for large-scale restoration. Wetlands, 28, 1086-1096.