Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2011, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 1019-1028.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01019
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
YU Guo-Song1,2, WANG Shi-Jie1,*(
), RONG Li1,3, RAN Jing-Cheng4
Received:2010-11-22
Accepted:2011-03-01
Online:2011-11-22
Published:2011-11-07
Contact:
WANG Shi-Jie
YU Guo-Song, WANG Shi-Jie, RONG Li, RAN Jing-Cheng. Litter dynamics of major successional communities in Maolan karst forest of China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2011, 35(10): 1019-1028.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.01019
| 植被类型 Vegetation type | 坡度 Slope | 坡向 Slope aspect | 位置 Location | 植被特征 Vegetation characteristics | 优势种 Dominant species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 喀斯特原生乔木林 Karst primary arboreal forest | 30°-40° | Northeast | 25°18′05″- 25°18′16″ N, 107°57′10″- 107°57′40″ E | 层次结构比较完整, 乔木层、灌木层和草本层之间分化清 晰, 以乔木层为主, 高10-20 m, 乔木层覆盖率达80%以上; 灌木层高3-8 m, 盖度5%-10%; 地表层有地衣苔藓着生, 林下覆盖有3-5 cm厚的枯枝落叶层。 The stand structure was well integral and hierarchic, which could be clearly divided into tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, and structure was dominated by tree layer. The mean tree height and coverage of tree layer were 10-20 m and more than 80%, respectively. The height of shrub layer with coverage of 5%-10% was 3-8 m, some lichens and mosses grew on the ground, the thickness of litter layer was 3-5 cm under forest. | 圆果化香树、短萼海桐、小果润楠、青檀、光叶海桐、丝栗栲 Platycarya longipes, Pittosporum brevicalyx, Machilus microcarpa, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Pittosporum glabratum, Castanopsis fargesii |
| 喀斯特次生林 Karst secondary forest | 30°-40° | Southwest | 25°18′35″- 25°18′50″ N, 107°56′45″- 107°57′00″ E | 林分层次结构分化明显, 乔木层、灌木层比较发达, 高5- 12 m, 乔木层覆盖率达80%以上; 灌木层高2-3 m, 盖度 10%左右, 地表有少量藤刺、蕨类、地衣苔藓等分布, 林 下枯枝落叶层厚1-2 cm。 The stand structure was well hierarchic, of which tree layer and shrub layer were matured. The mean tree height and ove- rage of tree layer were 5-12 m and more than 80%, respectiv- ely. The height of shrub layer with coverage of 10% was 2- 3 m, The land was covered by a small amount of thorns, ferns, lichens and mosses, the thickness of litter layer was 1-2 cm under forest. | 云贵鹅耳枥、青冈、丝栗栲、马尾松、香叶树、十大功劳 Carpinus pubescens, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis fargesii, Pinus massoniana, Lindera communis, Mahonia fortunei |
| 喀斯特灌木林 Karst shrubland | 20°-30° | Northeast | 25°18′20″- 25°18′35″ N, 107°56′10″- 107°56′25″ E | 林分垂直结构单一, 无或有少量乔木, 主要以灌木层为主, 高度2-4 m, 覆盖度达80%以上, 林下覆盖的枯枝落叶层 厚约1-2 cm。 The stand vertical structure was simple with a small amount of or no tree layer, which was dominated by shrub layer. The mean tree height and coverage of shrub layer were 2-4 m and more than 80%, respectively. The thickness of litter layer was 1-2 cm under forest. | 南天竹、圆果化香树、香叶树、荔波鹅耳枥、齿叶黄皮、多脉青冈 Nandina domestica, Platycarya longipes, Lindera communis, Carpinus lipoensis, Clausena dunniana, Cyclobalanopsis multiervis |
Table 1 Basic features of vegetation in successional communities
| 植被类型 Vegetation type | 坡度 Slope | 坡向 Slope aspect | 位置 Location | 植被特征 Vegetation characteristics | 优势种 Dominant species |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 喀斯特原生乔木林 Karst primary arboreal forest | 30°-40° | Northeast | 25°18′05″- 25°18′16″ N, 107°57′10″- 107°57′40″ E | 层次结构比较完整, 乔木层、灌木层和草本层之间分化清 晰, 以乔木层为主, 高10-20 m, 乔木层覆盖率达80%以上; 灌木层高3-8 m, 盖度5%-10%; 地表层有地衣苔藓着生, 林下覆盖有3-5 cm厚的枯枝落叶层。 The stand structure was well integral and hierarchic, which could be clearly divided into tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer, and structure was dominated by tree layer. The mean tree height and coverage of tree layer were 10-20 m and more than 80%, respectively. The height of shrub layer with coverage of 5%-10% was 3-8 m, some lichens and mosses grew on the ground, the thickness of litter layer was 3-5 cm under forest. | 圆果化香树、短萼海桐、小果润楠、青檀、光叶海桐、丝栗栲 Platycarya longipes, Pittosporum brevicalyx, Machilus microcarpa, Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Pittosporum glabratum, Castanopsis fargesii |
| 喀斯特次生林 Karst secondary forest | 30°-40° | Southwest | 25°18′35″- 25°18′50″ N, 107°56′45″- 107°57′00″ E | 林分层次结构分化明显, 乔木层、灌木层比较发达, 高5- 12 m, 乔木层覆盖率达80%以上; 灌木层高2-3 m, 盖度 10%左右, 地表有少量藤刺、蕨类、地衣苔藓等分布, 林 下枯枝落叶层厚1-2 cm。 The stand structure was well hierarchic, of which tree layer and shrub layer were matured. The mean tree height and ove- rage of tree layer were 5-12 m and more than 80%, respectiv- ely. The height of shrub layer with coverage of 10% was 2- 3 m, The land was covered by a small amount of thorns, ferns, lichens and mosses, the thickness of litter layer was 1-2 cm under forest. | 云贵鹅耳枥、青冈、丝栗栲、马尾松、香叶树、十大功劳 Carpinus pubescens, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Castanopsis fargesii, Pinus massoniana, Lindera communis, Mahonia fortunei |
| 喀斯特灌木林 Karst shrubland | 20°-30° | Northeast | 25°18′20″- 25°18′35″ N, 107°56′10″- 107°56′25″ E | 林分垂直结构单一, 无或有少量乔木, 主要以灌木层为主, 高度2-4 m, 覆盖度达80%以上, 林下覆盖的枯枝落叶层 厚约1-2 cm。 The stand vertical structure was simple with a small amount of or no tree layer, which was dominated by shrub layer. The mean tree height and coverage of shrub layer were 2-4 m and more than 80%, respectively. The thickness of litter layer was 1-2 cm under forest. | 南天竹、圆果化香树、香叶树、荔波鹅耳枥、齿叶黄皮、多脉青冈 Nandina domestica, Platycarya longipes, Lindera communis, Carpinus lipoensis, Clausena dunniana, Cyclobalanopsis multiervis |
Fig. 1 Monthly variation of rainfall, relative humidity of atmosphere and air temperature in the Laqiao observation station.
Fig. 2 Annual litter production in different successional communities.
Fig. 3 Monthly dynamics of litterfall in karst primary arboreal forest.
Fig. 4 Monthly dynamics of litterfall in karst secondary forest.
Fig. 5 Monthly dynamics of litterfall in karst shrubland.
| 气候带 Climate zone | 类型 Type | 凋落物量Litterfall (t·hm-2·a-1) | 凋落叶比例 leaf litterfallrate (%) | 文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 热带 Tropical zone | 红树林 Mangrove forest | 12.545-13.882 | 64.3-79.9 | |
| 季雨林 Monsoon forest | 8.244-11.290 | 55.3-65.6 | ||
| 南亚热带 Southern subtropical zone | 人工阔叶林 Artificial broad-leaved forest | 5.541-10.433 | 61.4-87.5 | |
| 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 4.630-8.840 | 51.0-81.3 | ||
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 8.500 | 67.0 | ||
| 灌木林 Shrubbery | 4.773 | 69.2 | ||
| 中亚热带 Central subtropical zone | 人工阔叶林 Artificial broad-leaved forest | 7.318-9.538 | 65.3-72.0 | |
| 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 6.770-13.030 | 41.1-70.2 | ||
| 次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest | 6.870-11.700 | 42.3-57.7 | ||
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 7.123-8.390 | 56.9-61.9 | ||
| 灌木林 Shrubbery | 6.380 | 77.7 | ||
| 滇桂喀斯特原生林 Karst primary forest in Guangxi and Yunnan | 1.834-4.058 | 78.0-83.6 | ||
| 滇桂喀斯特次生林 Karst secondary forest in Guangxi and Yunnan | 1.979-3.510 | 76.3-95.3 | ||
| 北亚热带 Northern subtropical zone | 人工针阔混交林 Artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 3.610-4.689 | 33.7 -72.1 | |
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 4.689-5.701 | 55.5-79.7 | ||
| 温带 Temperate zone | 人工针叶林 Artificial coniferous forest | 3.714 | 91.9 | |
| 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest | 2.883-3.130 | 64.8-76.0 | ||
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 4.146-4.902 | 60.3-74.0 | ||
| 常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest | 2.472 | 54.0 | ||
| 落叶针叶林 Deciduous coniferous forest | 2.337 | 73.0 |
Table 2 Distribution patterns of litterfall in main forests of climate zones in China
| 气候带 Climate zone | 类型 Type | 凋落物量Litterfall (t·hm-2·a-1) | 凋落叶比例 leaf litterfallrate (%) | 文献 Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 热带 Tropical zone | 红树林 Mangrove forest | 12.545-13.882 | 64.3-79.9 | |
| 季雨林 Monsoon forest | 8.244-11.290 | 55.3-65.6 | ||
| 南亚热带 Southern subtropical zone | 人工阔叶林 Artificial broad-leaved forest | 5.541-10.433 | 61.4-87.5 | |
| 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 4.630-8.840 | 51.0-81.3 | ||
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 8.500 | 67.0 | ||
| 灌木林 Shrubbery | 4.773 | 69.2 | ||
| 中亚热带 Central subtropical zone | 人工阔叶林 Artificial broad-leaved forest | 7.318-9.538 | 65.3-72.0 | |
| 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 6.770-13.030 | 41.1-70.2 | ||
| 次生常绿阔叶林 Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest | 6.870-11.700 | 42.3-57.7 | ||
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 7.123-8.390 | 56.9-61.9 | ||
| 灌木林 Shrubbery | 6.380 | 77.7 | ||
| 滇桂喀斯特原生林 Karst primary forest in Guangxi and Yunnan | 1.834-4.058 | 78.0-83.6 | ||
| 滇桂喀斯特次生林 Karst secondary forest in Guangxi and Yunnan | 1.979-3.510 | 76.3-95.3 | ||
| 北亚热带 Northern subtropical zone | 人工针阔混交林 Artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 3.610-4.689 | 33.7 -72.1 | |
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 4.689-5.701 | 55.5-79.7 | ||
| 温带 Temperate zone | 人工针叶林 Artificial coniferous forest | 3.714 | 91.9 | |
| 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest | 2.883-3.130 | 64.8-76.0 | ||
| 针阔混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 4.146-4.902 | 60.3-74.0 | ||
| 常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest | 2.472 | 54.0 | ||
| 落叶针叶林 Deciduous coniferous forest | 2.337 | 73.0 |
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