Abstract: We used the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model(TEM, 4.0) to estimate net primary production (NPP) in China for contemporary climate and NPP responses to elevated CO2 and climate changes projected by three atmospheric general circulation models(GCMs): Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Geophysical Fluid Dynamic Laboratory (GFDL) and Oregon State University (OSU). For contemporary climate at 312.5 × 10-6v CO2,TEM estimates that China has an annual NPP of 3,653 TgC·a-1(1012gC·a-1). Temperate evergreen broadleaf forest is the most productive biome and accounts for the largest portion of annual NPP in China, The spatial pattern of NPP is closely correlated to the spatial distributions of precipitation and temperature. Annual NPP of China is sensitive to changes in CO2 and climate. At the continental Scale, annual NPP of China increases by 6.0%(219TgC·a-1)for elevated CO2 only (519 ×10-6v CO2). For climate change with no change in CO2, the response of annual NPP ranges from a decrease of 1.5% (54.8TgC·a-1)for the GISS climate to an increase of 8.4% (306.9TgC·a-1) for the GFDL-q climate. For climate change at 519 Ï 10-6 v CO2, annual NPP of China increases substantially, ranging from+18.7% (683TgC·a-1) for the GISS climate to +23.3% (851 TgC·a-1) for the GFDL-q climate. Spatially, the responses of annual NPP to changes in climate and CO2 vary considerably within a GCM climate. Differences among the three GCM climates used in the study cause large differences in the geographical distribution of NPP responses to projected climate changes. The interaction between elevated CO2 and climate change plays an important role in the overall response of NPP to climate change at 519 × 10-6 v CO2.